地方政府职能转变重在接准、放实、管好

见之于中央与地方的关系,地方政府职能转变是政府职能转变的落地之举,其是否到位在一个侧面体现着政府职能转变的终极效应。呼应国务院职能转变,地方政府职能转变的主要任务是接、放、管。对此作价值把握,需要在接准、放实、管好上有深刻的理解和实际的推动。

Experiment Study on the Ending Criteria of Charge and Discharge of Nickel-Hydride Battery

Charge and discharge characteristics of Ni/MH batteries are investigated with experiments. During battery’s working, the voltage, capacity, temperature and internal resistance were recorded, corresponding curves were depicted. Variations of the aforementioned four parameters are differently obvious. Ending criteria of charge and discharge of Ni/MH batteries are discussed on the basis of the curves. Voltage, capacity and temperature of a battery can be used as ending criteria during charge. When discharge takes place, voltage, capacity and internal resistance can be chosen as ending criteria. As a whole, capacity is more suitable for being used as ending criteria of charge and discharge than the other three parameters. At last, the capacity of a battery is recommended to be ending criteria of charge and discharge. The conclusions will provide references to different capacity Ni/MH batteries for electric vehicles.

Effects of Low Dose Radiation on Tumor Apoptosis, Cell Cycle and Apoptosis-Related Protein Bcl-2 in Tumor-Bearing Mice

To study the effects of low dose radiation (LDR) on tumor apoptosis, cellcycle progression and changes of apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2 in tumor-bearing mice. Methods:Male mice of Kunming strain were implanted subcutaneously with S180 sarcoma cells in the left inguenas an in situ experimental animal model. Seven days later, the mice were subjected to 75 mGywhole-body γ-irradiation. At 24 and 48 h after the irradiation, all mice were sacrificed. The tumorsizes were measured, and tumor cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression were analyzed by flowcytometry. The expression of apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2 and the apoptotic rate of tumor cellswere observed by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Results: Tumors grew significantlyslower after LDR (P 【 0.05). The tumor cells were arrested in G1 phrase and the expression of Bcl-2protein decreased at 24 h. Apoptotic rate of tumor cells was increased significantly at 48 h afterLDR (P 【 0.01). Conclusion: LDR could cause a G1-phase arrest and increase the apoptosis of tumorcells through the low level of apoptosis-related protein bcl-2 in the tumor-bearing mice. Theorganized immune function and anti-tumor ability are markedly increased after LDR. Our studyprovides practical evidence of clinical application to cancer treatment.

Experimental Study on Emission Control of Premixed Catalytic Combustion of Natural Gas Using Preheated Air

In this paper the premixed catalytic combustion emissions such as CO, unburned hydrocarbon (UHC), NOx and the temperature distribution in the catalytic monolith with ultra low concentration of Pd were studied. Three types of monoliths were used for experiments and the temperature of preheated air was respectively 50℃ , 100℃ and 200℃ . The results showed that preheated air made radial temperature in the catalytic monolith uniform which helped to avoid local hot spots so as to decrease NOx emission. The experiment also proved that the shorter monolith showed much better catalytic combustion performance than longer one and the temperature at the exit of the shorter monolith was relatively lower. On the contrary, the temperature was higher in the longer monolith and the lethal NOx emission was slightly increased.

Effects of China's OFDI on Host Countries' Environmental Quality

From a FDI source country perspective, this paper reveals the effect of Chinas OFDI on host countries' environmental quality. Based on the Copeland-Taylor model, this paper creates a theoretical mechanism to demonstrate how Chinas OFDI affects host countries' pollution intensity and environmental quality and carries out an empirical analysis based on Chinas OFDI data of 2003-2014 and the economic development index data of 168 host countries. Since Chinas OFDI is differentiated for countries of various income levels, this paper f Urther conducts a sub-sample empirical test on the income level of host countries. The result shows that Chinas OFDI growth generally induces an increase in total pollution emissions in host countries but significantly reduces per capita emissions and thus improves local environmental quality. Sub-sample regression result shows that whether in terms of total or per capita emissions, Chinas OFDI has a much more significant effect in improving the environmental quality of high-income countries.

Theoretical and experimental investigation on nonlinear interaction among wave groups

Wave group is important in ocean wave theory and applications. In the past, nonlinear interaction among wave groups has been studied on the basis of the nonlinear Sehrrdinger equation. Using this theoretical approach, we found that the nonlinear interaction among wave groups causes asymmetry in the shape of the wave envelope （steeper in the front of the curve of the envelope）. An important consequence of this asymmetry is that the highest wave in a wave group appears one individual wave length ahead of the center of the wave group. Further results show that the degree of envelope asymmetry increases with increasing spectral width and the wave steepness. This theoretical analysis has been supplemented by a systematic experimental study of wind waves. Laboratory and some open sea wave data were analyzed. The results show that the shape of the wind wave envelope of wind waves has the same asymmetry predicted by the theoretical approach. The observed degree of deformation of the envelope also increases with increasing spectral width and the wave steepness as predicted by theory. These conclusions have important ramifications for practical applications of ocean wave theory.

Experimental Research on SOx from Ship Emissions by Lye Absorption

To protect environment, and to comply with the IMO＇s （International Maritime Organization） newest regulations about ship＇s SOx emission. This thesis illustrates a closed recycling absorb system based on NaOH solution recycling particularly for SOx onboard. The goal is to use NaOH solution to absorb SOx, and reduce the damage the ships made towards environment. The thesis analyzes the main features that could influence the absorption of SOx on board, and the precipitations during the experiment. To reveal that NaOH solution is very highly effective and economic in absorption of SOx on ships by this experiment, and to set a theoretical basic fundamental for future application of alkali solution recycling absorption system for SOx.

Experimental Results on Excess Heat Power, Impurity Nuclides and X-Ray Production in Experiments with a High-Voltage Electric Discharge System

It reviewed results on low-energy nuclear reaction （LENR） processes in a high-voltage （1,000-4,000 V） electric discharge system. The experimental results are divided into three sets： excess heat measurements; yield of impurity nuclides （nuclear ash）; X-ray measurements. Up to 8 W of excess power was observed, with a power gain of up to 170% was seen in glow discharge experiments. Up to 300 W of excess power, with a power gain up to 340% was observed in experiments using a high-voltage electrolysis cell. The impurity nuclide yield showing a shift of up to a few per cent from natural isotopic abundances was detected by spark mass spectrometry, by secondary ionic mass spectrometry, and by secondary neutral mass spectrometry. X-ray emission in the range of 0.6-6.0 keV, has been observed. Based on these experimental results we propose a phenomenological model for LENR based on the interaction of an electric discharge with condensed matter （of the cathode）.

Applicability of surface directional wells for upper Silesia Basin coal seams' drainage ahead of mining

Methods of exploitation drainage, which is presently applied in polish hard coal mines in Upper Silesian Coal Basin(Poland), are not effective enough, high risk of methane hazard can be observed, and production capacity of the mining plant is not fully used. Methane hazard, which may occur during planned coal exploitation, is presented in this paper. Following parameters are taken into consideration in the forecasts: coal extraction parameters, geological and mining conditions, deposit's methane saturation degree and impact of coal exploitation on the degasification coefficient of the seams, which are under the influence of relaxation zone. This paper presents the results of the analysis aiming to verify applicability of drainage ahead of mining of the coal seams by using surface directional wells. Based on the collected data(coal seams' structural maps, profiles of the exploratory wells, geological cross-sections), the lab tests of drilling cores and direct wells' tests, static model of the deposit was constructed and suitable grid of directional wells from the surface was designed. Comparison of forecasted methane emission volume between the two methods is investigated. The results indicated the necessity of performing appropriate deposit's stimulations in order to increase effectiveness of drainage ahead of mining.

A New Generator for Tsunami Wave Generation

A middle size experiental wave generator has been implemented is the Ujikawa Open Laboratory, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University. The generator is composed of a pistontype wave maker, a head strage water tank and a current generator to mainly reproduce long waves like tsunami and storm surge. The paper desribes several experimental series to predict the applicability of the generator to model tests. The three operating sysemes are capable to be controlled in one operating sysytem and start time is contorolled separately according with the target tsunami and storm surge profiles. A sharp tsunami profile is reproduced in adjusting the start timing of piston type wave maker and opening gates of head storage tunk. Any type of tsunami waves are reproduced in the generator and it becomes a storong tool to predict the effective of＂resiliency＂ of hardwares.

The experimental study on combustion characteristics and emissions of a CMM fueled engine

In this paper, an experimental study on combustion characteristics and emissions of a single cylinder spark ignition engine fueled with coal-mine methane （CMM） is investigated under various loads. CMM is simulated by the compressed nature gas（ CNG）/nitrogen blend fuels. Based on experiment results, it is shown that under 0% - 35% nitrogen volume fraction in CNG/nitrogen blends, the maximum cylinder pressure, the maximum rate of pressure rise and the rate of heat release decrease, the flame propagation period increases, the center of heat release curve is closed to the top dead centre （TDC）markedly with the increase of nitrogen volume fraction. Meanwhile, the hydrocarbon （HC）, CO emissions increase, the NOx emission decreases apparently with the increase of nitrogen volume fraction.

Comparative experiments of gas drainage in different types of drillings

Gas drainage effect is the utmost important factor for mining speed and mining safety. It has great meaning to study the effect of gas drainage. Comparative experiment of gas drainage in different types of drillings shows that the initial rate of gas natural emission by hydraulic loosed cross drilling is 1.5 times more than that of parallel drilling, and the drilling gas at- tenuation coefficients reduces to 0.78 times, the effect of gas drainage is good. The ultimate quantity of gas drainage of parallel drilling, cross drilling, hydraulic loosed cross drilling are 859.1, 1 323.5 and 1 833.6 m3/100 m. The results of the measurement through these three kinds of drillings of 100 meters drilling is considered as following： cross drilling is 1.54 times more than that of parallel drillings, hydraulic loosed cross drilling are 2.13 times more than parallel drilling. The drainage rate of parallel drilling, cross drilling and hydraulic loosed cross drilling reached 10% to 15% in 3 months with the pre-draining time. Among these, the drainage effect of hydraulic loosed cross drilling increased by 46% than that of parallel drilling in three months.

An Open Architecture for Converged Internet of Things

An open architecture for converged Internet of Things (IoT) is proposed in this paper.By using this model,the various and huge amount of data can be converted into converged data and then encapsulated as service packages.Moreover,a Representational State Transfer (REST) platform has been implemented in the lab environment.The merit of this architecture is the enhancement of data efficiency.Experimental results are provided to show the benefits of the proposed architecture.

Carbon Footprint across the Coffee Supply Chain： The Case of Costa Rican Coffee

The issue of carbon emissions has been on the corporate sustainability agenda for some years. For those working in agricultural supply chains, the challenges remain significant, given the diverse direct and indirect emissions occurring throughout the value chain. This study determines the carbon footprint of the supply chain of Costa Rican coffee exported to Europe, using best practice methodology to calculate greenhouse gas emissions. Overall, it was found that the total carbon footprint across the entire supply chain is 4.82 kg CO2e kgx green coffee. The carbon footprint of the processes in Costa Rica to produce l km of green coffee is 1.77 kg CO2e. The processes within Europe generate 3.05 kg CO2e kg-1 green coffee. This carbon footprint is considered as ＂very high intensity＂. This paper also identifies the sources of the most intense emission and discusses mitigation possibilities on which efforts must be focused.

The Effect of Stocking Density on the Behaviour and Welfare Indexes of Broiler Chickens

The effect of three stocking densities, ranging from 30 to 44 kg product per m2 on the performance, behaviour and welfare indexes in broiler chicken was investigated. Scan sampling for comparative behavior in all groups was carried out at 2 min intervals during 2-20 min periods for five days each week. It was found that the most common behaviour in all densities was lying （resting）, lying and standing behaviour was tended to increase in H than L group of all experimental period. Pecking behaviour was not constantly changed by stocking density. Locomotion was not only reduced with increasing age but increase stocking density of all experimental period and all groups. Body weight gain and feed efficient were, tend to increase in L than H group of 2 to 3 weeks ages, higher in L than H group （P 〈 0.05） of 4 to 5 weeks ages and all experimental period. Other behaviours （dustbathing, preening, eating or drinking） were not influenced （P 〉 0.05） by stocking density. It seems that gait, foot pad and hock burn score were improved in L than H group of 35 days age （P 〈 0.05）. The claw length of 21 days age was not affected by stocking density, but it was significantly different by stocking density of 35 days age （P 〈 0.05）. The duration of tonic immobility （TI-reaction） was tended to decreased age of 21 than 35 days, but not effected by stocking density. These data indicate that stocking density can influence broiler behaviour and welfare indexes.

Half-Lives for Alpha Radioactivity of Elements with 104 ≤Z≤120 within Unified Fission Model

α decay half-lives are calculated using the Qα values obtained by Semi-empirical Shell Model in the framework of the Unified Fission Model （UFM） with the Coulomb repulsion, nuclear attraction due to proximity potential, and rotational energy due to angular momentum transfer of a particle. In addition, the calculated and experimental half-lives of 425 nuclei are compared to check the validity of the model applied on α decay. The calculated half-lives of decay are in good agreement with the experimental data. Finally, some useful predications on the α decay half-lives are provided for future experiments.

Avidin-biotin system pretargeting radioimmunoimaging and radioimmunotherapy and its application in mouse model of human colon carcinoma

AIM： To evaluate the multi-step pretargeting radioimmunoimaging （RII） and radioimmunotherapy （RTT） in nude mice bearing human colon carcinoma with avidin-biotin system labeled with 153^Sm. METHODS： Two- and three-step strategies for avidinbiotin system pretargeting techniques were established. In a three-step procedure, human colon carcinoma bearing nude mice were first injected with biotinylated monoclonal antibody （McAb-Bt） followed by cold avidin （Av） 48 h later and then 153^Sm-DB2 24 h thereafter; whereas the twostep procedure consisted of injection of 153^Sm-SA 48 h after pretargeting with biotinylated anti-CEA monoclonal antibody （CEA McAb-Bt）. SPECT imaging and biodistribution were performed at 4, 24, 48, or 72 h after injection of 153^Sm-labeled compounds. Five groups of nude mice subcutaneously grafted with human colon carcinoma were treated 3 d after grafting. One group received the injection with 100 μg CEA McAb-Bt followed by cold avidin （80 μg） after 2 d and 11.1 MBCl I53Sm-DB2 after 1 d. Four control groups were treated respectively with 11.1 MBq 153^Sm- CEA McAb, ii.i MBq 153^Sm-nmIgG, ii.i MBq 153^Sm-DB2, 100 μL normal saline. Toxicity was evaluated by changes of leukocyte count, and the efficacy by variation in tumor volume. Histological analyses of tumors were performed. RESULTS： The three-step procedure allowed faster blood clearance and yielded higher tumor blood ratios （5.76 at 4 h and 12.94 at 24 h） of the 153^Sm-DB2. The tumor was clearly visualized at 4 h in y-imaging after the injection of 153^Sm-DB2, while a significant accumulation of 153^Sm-SA in the tumor was observed only 24 h after the injection and tumor blood ratios at 4 and 24 h were 1.00 and 2.03, respectively, in the two-step procedure. Pretargeting RIT and 153^Sm-CEA McAb had a strong tumor-inhibiting effect.The tumor inhibitory rate was 80.67% and 78.44%, respectively, five weeks after therapy. Histopathological evidence also indicated radioactive damage in tumor tissues as necrosis of tumor cells, while in the other organs such as liver and kidney no radioactive damage was observed. Leukocyte counts showed significant decrease after treatment in groups of 153^Sm-CEA McAb and 153^Sm- nmIgG. CONCLUSION： The two kinds of pretargeting strategies can elevate the target-to-nontarget ratio, decrease the blood background and shorten the imaging time compared to 153^Sm-CEA McAb. Three-step pretargeting RIT is as effident as 153^Sm-CEA McAb, but markedly less toxic. This study provides experimental evidence for the clinical application of pretargeting RII and RIT.

A Software Defined Open Wi-Fi Platform

Wireless local area network(WLAN) is an indivisible part of the next generation wireless system. In this paper, an open Wi-Fi platform is designed and developed with special consideration of real-time signal processing. Such system can help accelerate research and development of future wireless network, especially in the case of cellular/Wi-Fi co-existing networks. This platform is based on the Intel general-purpose processor and the universal software radio peripheral(USRP) radio front end. The design including the physical layer implementations is purely software and is optimized for real-time signal processing on the general purpose processor. In the lab experiment, this platform supports baseband rate up to 700 Mbps with 2 transmitters in 80 MHz bandwidth. A cellular-Wi-Fi signaling interface between the Wi-Fi access point(AP) and the 5G core network is also developed and validated as an example for wireless resource allocation.

Multimodality approach for locally advanced esophageal cancer

Carcinoma of the esophagus is an aggressive and lethal malignancy with an increasing incidence worldwide.Incidence rates vary internationally,with the highest rates found in Southern and Eastern Africa and Eastern Asia,and the lowest in Western and Middle Africa and Central America.Patients with locally advanced disease face a poor prognosis,with 5-year survival rates ranging from 15%-34%.Recent clinical trials have evaluated different strategies for management of locoregional cancer;however,because of stage migration and changes in disease epidemiology,applying these trials to clinical practice has become a daunting task.We searched Medline and conference abstracts for randomized studies published in the last 3 decades.We restricted our search to articles published in English.Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgical resection is an accepted standard of care in the United States.Esophagectomy remains an essential component of treatment and can lead to improved overall survival,especially when performed at high volume institutions.The role of adjuvant chemotherapy following curative resection is still unclear.External beam radiation therapy alone is considered palliative and is typically reserved for patients with a poor performance status.

Impacting Factors of Elemental Mercury Re-emission across a Lab-scale Simulated Scrubber

Elemental mercury（Hg^0）re-emissions from slurries and solutions were evaluated in a lab-scale simulated scrubber.Oxidized mercury（Hg^2 ＋）standard solution was injected into the simulated scrubber at a desired rate to simulate absorbing and dissolving of Hg^2 ＋in the flue gas across wet flue gas desulfurization（WFGD）systems. PS analytical mercury analyzer was used to continuously determine Hg0re-emission concentrations in the carrier gas from the scrubber.Sulfite ion in the slurry of CaSO3 was validated to reduce Hg ^2＋to Hg^ 0,while no Hg ^0 re-emission occurred from slurries of CaSO4 and CaO.Transitional metal ions with low chemical valence such as Fe^2 ＋,Pb ^2＋,Ni ^2＋, AsO2^-and Cu ^＋were used to prepare solutions with concentration levels of mmol·L^-1.Reduction reaction of Hg^2 ＋to Hg 0was observed from these solutions.Reduction capabilities for the different transitional metal ions in the solutions were：Pb^2 ＋〉Cu ^＋〉Fe^ 2＋〉 AsO2^-〉Ni ^2＋.