Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of transarterial infusion chemotherapy of gemcitabine plus three dimen- sional conformal radiotherapy on patients with local advanced pancreatic cancer. Methods: Fifty-one pa...Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of transarterial infusion chemotherapy of gemcitabine plus three dimen- sional conformal radiotherapy on patients with local advanced pancreatic cancer. Methods: Fifty-one patients with local ad- vanced pancreatic cancer from June 2002 to February 2004 were enrolled, twenty-four patients of combined group were treat- ed with transarterial infusion chemotherapy of gemcitabine plus three dimensional conformal radiotherapy, while twenty-seven patients of control group were treated only with transarterial infusion chemotherapy of gemcitabine. Results: There were significant statistical differences between two groups in clinical benefit response (91.7% versus 74.1%, P < 0.01) and overall remission rate (70.8% versus 33.3%, P < 0.01). The 6-month survival rate, 12-month survival rate and 24-month survival rate of combined group were 83.3%, 62.5% and 37.5% respectively, while that of control group were 55.6%, 33.3% and 11.1% respectively. This showed significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: Transarterial infusion chemotherapy of gemcitabine plus three dimensional conformal radiotherapy may be better than single transarterial infusion chemotherapy of gemcitabine in improving survival rates and elongating survival time of patients with local advanced pancreatic cancer.展开更多
Nuclear propulsion has been studied for many decades. The power density of nuclear fission is much higher than chemical process, and for missions to outer solar system requiring several hundred of kilowatts, or for fl...Nuclear propulsion has been studied for many decades. The power density of nuclear fission is much higher than chemical process, and for missions to outer solar system requiring several hundred of kilowatts, or for flexible manned missions to Mars requiring several megawatts, nuclear electric propulsion might be the only option offering a reasonable mass in low earth orbit. Despite the existence of low power experiences--SNAP10 in the 60＇s or Buk/Topaz in the 60-80＇s--no high power reactor has been developed： investment cost, long term timeframe, high technological challenges and radioactive hazards are the main challenges we must overtake. However, it seems reasonable to look at the technical challenges that have to be overcome for a next generation of nuclear electric systems for space exploration. This paper will present some recent studies going on in France, on space reactors for exploration. Three classes of power have been considered： 10 kWe, 100 kWe, and several megawatts. Available data from previous studies and developments performed in Russia, USA, and Europe have been collected and gave us a large overview of potential technical solutions. This was the starting point of a trade-off analysis aiming at the selection of the best options, with regards to the technological readiness level in France and Europe. The resulting preliminary designs will be presented and critical technologies needing maturation activities will be highlighted.展开更多
文摘Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of transarterial infusion chemotherapy of gemcitabine plus three dimen- sional conformal radiotherapy on patients with local advanced pancreatic cancer. Methods: Fifty-one patients with local ad- vanced pancreatic cancer from June 2002 to February 2004 were enrolled, twenty-four patients of combined group were treat- ed with transarterial infusion chemotherapy of gemcitabine plus three dimensional conformal radiotherapy, while twenty-seven patients of control group were treated only with transarterial infusion chemotherapy of gemcitabine. Results: There were significant statistical differences between two groups in clinical benefit response (91.7% versus 74.1%, P < 0.01) and overall remission rate (70.8% versus 33.3%, P < 0.01). The 6-month survival rate, 12-month survival rate and 24-month survival rate of combined group were 83.3%, 62.5% and 37.5% respectively, while that of control group were 55.6%, 33.3% and 11.1% respectively. This showed significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: Transarterial infusion chemotherapy of gemcitabine plus three dimensional conformal radiotherapy may be better than single transarterial infusion chemotherapy of gemcitabine in improving survival rates and elongating survival time of patients with local advanced pancreatic cancer.
文摘Nuclear propulsion has been studied for many decades. The power density of nuclear fission is much higher than chemical process, and for missions to outer solar system requiring several hundred of kilowatts, or for flexible manned missions to Mars requiring several megawatts, nuclear electric propulsion might be the only option offering a reasonable mass in low earth orbit. Despite the existence of low power experiences--SNAP10 in the 60＇s or Buk/Topaz in the 60-80＇s--no high power reactor has been developed： investment cost, long term timeframe, high technological challenges and radioactive hazards are the main challenges we must overtake. However, it seems reasonable to look at the technical challenges that have to be overcome for a next generation of nuclear electric systems for space exploration. This paper will present some recent studies going on in France, on space reactors for exploration. Three classes of power have been considered： 10 kWe, 100 kWe, and several megawatts. Available data from previous studies and developments performed in Russia, USA, and Europe have been collected and gave us a large overview of potential technical solutions. This was the starting point of a trade-off analysis aiming at the selection of the best options, with regards to the technological readiness level in France and Europe. The resulting preliminary designs will be presented and critical technologies needing maturation activities will be highlighted.
