Over two decades have passed by since Poland took the course of democratic changes. In the early 1990s the press sector was re-established as a consequence of de-monopolization and has been taken over by foreigners. T...Over two decades have passed by since Poland took the course of democratic changes. In the early 1990s the press sector was re-established as a consequence of de-monopolization and has been taken over by foreigners. The electronle media sector has been restricted for 15 years and foreign companies could only have one third of the ownership. The complexity of Polish media system reflects the long way from communism and governmental media towards free democratized market with some remnants of the previous era. It is hard to predict when it will be shaped in a brand new way and if it is generally possible.展开更多
For the past three years the political environment in Egypt, and the middle east in general, has undergone substantial change such as increase in public opinion and awareness, increase in political participation, incr...For the past three years the political environment in Egypt, and the middle east in general, has undergone substantial change such as increase in public opinion and awareness, increase in political participation, increase in voting turnout franchise as well as introducing a new paradigm of communication which has great influence on the political and social landscape of the world ＂Social Media＂. The aim of this study is to explore the impact and effect of social media （Facebook） on the changing political environment of the public policy process in Egypt. This article analyzes the different stages of the Public Policy Process in Egypt, with application to the Minimum and Maximum Wage Policy, and examines how it was influenced by the Facebook, as a device of the social media, as a new channel of political mobilization.展开更多
This article addresses the evolution of the Internet from a loosely organized, decentralized, and pluralistic system to the Next Internet, a tightly controlled, centralized and commodified system under corporate and g...This article addresses the evolution of the Internet from a loosely organized, decentralized, and pluralistic system to the Next Internet, a tightly controlled, centralized and commodified system under corporate and government control. Drawing on a political economy perspective, it begins by addressing the technologies that comprise the Next Internet. These include Cloud Computing, Big Data Analytics, and the Internet of Things whose convergence raises significant issues in the political economy of communication and society. The paper concentrates specifically on military, environmental, economic, privacy, and labor problems. It concludes by considering the significance of viewing the Next Internet as a public utility like electricity and water.展开更多
Over the past 30 years, Chinese society has undergone an enormous social transition. Along with the rise of a private economy, private business owners have emerged as a new social stratum, which attracts academic atte...Over the past 30 years, Chinese society has undergone an enormous social transition. Along with the rise of a private economy, private business owners have emerged as a new social stratum, which attracts academic attention domestically and internationally. As for the social origins of the private business owners, some of the private business owners are former cadres and current members of the Chinese Communist Party（CCP）. A question rarely pursued is what effects these ties have on political participation of＂ private business owners. The paper explores this question on the basis of data gathered in a representative survey of private enterprises in 2006. The study shows that the Chinese private business owners have diverse social origins, and their behavior in terms of political participation is also distinct in some ways. When it comes to the patterns of political participation of the private business owners, CCP members and former officials among private business owners indeed have unique characteristics in their access to political resources, but the patterns of political participation vary between these two groups. Furthermore, there are also considerable differences between members of the CCP and democratic parties in China in these respects. These findings cast doubt on the common use of CCP membership and occupational experience as cadre as interchangeable indicators for the ＂political capital＂ of business owners. A more differentiated understanding of the nature of political capital and mechanisms by which it is put to use by private entrepreneurs in China is called for.展开更多
Over the course of the epochal 30 years, i.e., from the founding of People＇s Republic of China in 1949 till the launching of Chinese economic reform in 1978, the Communist Party of China （CPC） underwent a tremendou...Over the course of the epochal 30 years, i.e., from the founding of People＇s Republic of China in 1949 till the launching of Chinese economic reform in 1978, the Communist Party of China （CPC） underwent a tremendous transformation from the founding to the ruling party of the country. The present research examines the historical, social as well as political aspects of the identity crisis and the CPC was suffering from in its adventurous efforts to chart a course for the socialist transformation of China. It was tempted to resume its leadership role in the revolution given the mounting tension generated by the Cold War and the prevailing revolutionary beliefs within the Party. Nevertheless, it was obliged to restore the country＇s social and political order after the sweeping national reform. In search of an adequate interpretation for the various attempts the Party made in exploring its refreshed identity, hence resolving the crisis, the study focuses on a similar crisis which befell the Party leader, Mao Zedong, in his own struggle against the con- fusion caused by his potentially double role as the head of both a founding and a ruling party. The study suggests that Mao＇s misidentification of his own political role inevitably led to the Party＇s dysfunctions, and closer investigation into the leader＇s personal dilemma offers new insight into such tragic events as the Anti- Rightist Movement, the Great Leap Forward, and the Cultural Revolution.展开更多
Modernization gave birth to party politics, and party politics dominates modernization. Their correlation and interaction have been a major logic behind the evolution of human civilization since the beginning of moder...Modernization gave birth to party politics, and party politics dominates modernization. Their correlation and interaction have been a major logic behind the evolution of human civilization since the beginning of modern times. The objectivity of China’s modernization gives rise to the historical inevitability of party politics, and its relevance to the Chinese nation and to the current time dictates that party politics should be socialist in China and that its development is an irreversible trend. In the Chinese revolution, in the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and in the modernization of China over the past century, to accomplish the historic task of national rejuvenation, Chinese socialist party politics has profoundly changed the course of Chinese history, making Chinese society strive for modernization and causing great changes in the contemporary world. During this process, Chinese socialist party politics has had a 'distinct fundamental value orientation,' followed 'the premise of essential theoretical guidance,' enjoyed 'dominant institutional support,' provided 'goal-oriented value guidance' and received a 'crucial political guarantee.' It has combined its own values with China’s modernization and played a leading role in this drive. It has pursued the most deep-seated values, demonstrated the most unique characteristics of practice, and made the most significant contribution to civilization. All this is a key element of the experience and theory of the interaction between modernization and Chinese socialist party politics. It also provides crucial support for and guides the value of strengthening the Communist Party of China(CPC) and modernizing China.展开更多
文摘Over two decades have passed by since Poland took the course of democratic changes. In the early 1990s the press sector was re-established as a consequence of de-monopolization and has been taken over by foreigners. The electronle media sector has been restricted for 15 years and foreign companies could only have one third of the ownership. The complexity of Polish media system reflects the long way from communism and governmental media towards free democratized market with some remnants of the previous era. It is hard to predict when it will be shaped in a brand new way and if it is generally possible.
文摘For the past three years the political environment in Egypt, and the middle east in general, has undergone substantial change such as increase in public opinion and awareness, increase in political participation, increase in voting turnout franchise as well as introducing a new paradigm of communication which has great influence on the political and social landscape of the world ＂Social Media＂. The aim of this study is to explore the impact and effect of social media （Facebook） on the changing political environment of the public policy process in Egypt. This article analyzes the different stages of the Public Policy Process in Egypt, with application to the Minimum and Maximum Wage Policy, and examines how it was influenced by the Facebook, as a device of the social media, as a new channel of political mobilization.
文摘This article addresses the evolution of the Internet from a loosely organized, decentralized, and pluralistic system to the Next Internet, a tightly controlled, centralized and commodified system under corporate and government control. Drawing on a political economy perspective, it begins by addressing the technologies that comprise the Next Internet. These include Cloud Computing, Big Data Analytics, and the Internet of Things whose convergence raises significant issues in the political economy of communication and society. The paper concentrates specifically on military, environmental, economic, privacy, and labor problems. It concludes by considering the significance of viewing the Next Internet as a public utility like electricity and water.
文摘Over the past 30 years, Chinese society has undergone an enormous social transition. Along with the rise of a private economy, private business owners have emerged as a new social stratum, which attracts academic attention domestically and internationally. As for the social origins of the private business owners, some of the private business owners are former cadres and current members of the Chinese Communist Party（CCP）. A question rarely pursued is what effects these ties have on political participation of＂ private business owners. The paper explores this question on the basis of data gathered in a representative survey of private enterprises in 2006. The study shows that the Chinese private business owners have diverse social origins, and their behavior in terms of political participation is also distinct in some ways. When it comes to the patterns of political participation of the private business owners, CCP members and former officials among private business owners indeed have unique characteristics in their access to political resources, but the patterns of political participation vary between these two groups. Furthermore, there are also considerable differences between members of the CCP and democratic parties in China in these respects. These findings cast doubt on the common use of CCP membership and occupational experience as cadre as interchangeable indicators for the ＂political capital＂ of business owners. A more differentiated understanding of the nature of political capital and mechanisms by which it is put to use by private entrepreneurs in China is called for.
文摘Over the course of the epochal 30 years, i.e., from the founding of People＇s Republic of China in 1949 till the launching of Chinese economic reform in 1978, the Communist Party of China （CPC） underwent a tremendous transformation from the founding to the ruling party of the country. The present research examines the historical, social as well as political aspects of the identity crisis and the CPC was suffering from in its adventurous efforts to chart a course for the socialist transformation of China. It was tempted to resume its leadership role in the revolution given the mounting tension generated by the Cold War and the prevailing revolutionary beliefs within the Party. Nevertheless, it was obliged to restore the country＇s social and political order after the sweeping national reform. In search of an adequate interpretation for the various attempts the Party made in exploring its refreshed identity, hence resolving the crisis, the study focuses on a similar crisis which befell the Party leader, Mao Zedong, in his own struggle against the con- fusion caused by his potentially double role as the head of both a founding and a ruling party. The study suggests that Mao＇s misidentification of his own political role inevitably led to the Party＇s dysfunctions, and closer investigation into the leader＇s personal dilemma offers new insight into such tragic events as the Anti- Rightist Movement, the Great Leap Forward, and the Cultural Revolution.
文摘Modernization gave birth to party politics, and party politics dominates modernization. Their correlation and interaction have been a major logic behind the evolution of human civilization since the beginning of modern times. The objectivity of China’s modernization gives rise to the historical inevitability of party politics, and its relevance to the Chinese nation and to the current time dictates that party politics should be socialist in China and that its development is an irreversible trend. In the Chinese revolution, in the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and in the modernization of China over the past century, to accomplish the historic task of national rejuvenation, Chinese socialist party politics has profoundly changed the course of Chinese history, making Chinese society strive for modernization and causing great changes in the contemporary world. During this process, Chinese socialist party politics has had a 'distinct fundamental value orientation,' followed 'the premise of essential theoretical guidance,' enjoyed 'dominant institutional support,' provided 'goal-oriented value guidance' and received a 'crucial political guarantee.' It has combined its own values with China’s modernization and played a leading role in this drive. It has pursued the most deep-seated values, demonstrated the most unique characteristics of practice, and made the most significant contribution to civilization. All this is a key element of the experience and theory of the interaction between modernization and Chinese socialist party politics. It also provides crucial support for and guides the value of strengthening the Communist Party of China(CPC) and modernizing China.
