In post-reform China, local governments, instead of the central state, have become major promoters of urbanization. Differing from the existing literature based on Western theories, this article argues that a localize...In post-reform China, local governments, instead of the central state, have become major promoters of urbanization. Differing from the existing literature based on Western theories, this article argues that a localized perspective, ‘administrative urbanization', can provide a contextual explanation for the mechanism of urbanization in the reform era. The case study of Ordos indicates that new town construction, especially in the inland area, has become the main strategy for investment attraction and economic development. The local government has played a dominant role in this construction through a series of administrative measures, including avoidance of central state regulations, land leasing, high standard infrastructure construction, relocation policies and industrial attraction. This article also explores the issue of unsustainability in the new town, and identifies that underdeveloped industrialization, slow population agglomeration and real estate bubbles are primary threats to the sustainability of administrative urbanization.展开更多
The background of research was conditions of settlement in slum area at Tallo which are most apprehensive; lack of facilities, the houses made of flammable materials, and some criminal action occurred in the density s...The background of research was conditions of settlement in slum area at Tallo which are most apprehensive; lack of facilities, the houses made of flammable materials, and some criminal action occurred in the density settlement. Upgrading Programs has been twice implemented in this area. However, those have the same aim, to improve street and drainage condition around the area. The different between of them is the using of material which are the first program used asphalt as street cover material and the second one used paving blok. Although the upgrading programs had done, the condition of the settlement did not improve significantly. The problems in settlement were not only leak in infrastructure condition and needs, but also lake of community welfare, unemployment, housing conditions, and the existence of the warehouses in the settlement. The flood problems also appeared in this area which closed with the water channel to the city disposal channel so when rainy season, the area is always flooded and enter into the entrance of the houses. The objective of this research was to find the root of the problems and find good solutions for the environment and how to meet the major needs of the settlement upgrading program into the local community point of view. Field research and questioners was conducted as research method to the research objectivities in the needs of community for good environment. Furthermore, the data from the field research was analyzed by making synchronization with the theory of environmental sustainability. Results from this research showed the comparison study between first and the last condition of the settlement area which had the upgrading program implementation. These findings could provide a new guideline for the government in policy related to slum upgrading.展开更多
Based on nationally representative panel data, this paper examines the content and evolution of China＇s cadre responsibility system at county-township and township- village levels. Our findings suggest that, with abo...Based on nationally representative panel data, this paper examines the content and evolution of China＇s cadre responsibility system at county-township and township- village levels. Our findings suggest that, with abolition of agricultural tax, there has been a series of changes in the focus of evaluation both at county-township and township-village levels. In county-township evaluation system, importance of economic development and social stability grew but fiscal pressure did not weaken; while in township-village system, original indicator of fiscal pressure became less important. Meanwhile, by enhancing ＂veto＂ indicator of evaluation on village cadres, township government attempted to cascade the pressure of social stability to village administration. Although central government has initiated a series of reforms on agriculture, countryside and farmers, county and township governments did not pay more attention to rural infrastructure. In addition, county government paid less and less attention to farmers＇ income growth.展开更多
This study reviews important variables related to joint venture performance and identifies the key determinants of joint venture performance in Cambodia. A model of joint venture performance in Cambodia is proposed an...This study reviews important variables related to joint venture performance and identifies the key determinants of joint venture performance in Cambodia. A model of joint venture performance in Cambodia is proposed and tested. Finally guidelines for successful joint venture performance in Cambodia are proposed. Based on a study of 62 firms and interviews with 19 joint venture mangers and government officers, it was found that the most important factors driving the formation of a joint venture included access to an emerging new market, utilization of abundant and cheap labor, and existence of government incentives. The most serious obstacles to joint venture performance in Cambodia were corruption, lack of physical infrastructure, bureaucracy, and competition from a black market and smuggling. For the results indicate there are significant correlations between performance and trust, control, commitment, and ownership. Suggested guidelines to improve joint venture performance in Cambodia are proposed.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41571130,41271165,41701177)Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry(No.[2015]1098)The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Collaborative Innovation Center for Geopolitical setting of Southwest China and Borderland Development(YNNU)
文摘In post-reform China, local governments, instead of the central state, have become major promoters of urbanization. Differing from the existing literature based on Western theories, this article argues that a localized perspective, ‘administrative urbanization', can provide a contextual explanation for the mechanism of urbanization in the reform era. The case study of Ordos indicates that new town construction, especially in the inland area, has become the main strategy for investment attraction and economic development. The local government has played a dominant role in this construction through a series of administrative measures, including avoidance of central state regulations, land leasing, high standard infrastructure construction, relocation policies and industrial attraction. This article also explores the issue of unsustainability in the new town, and identifies that underdeveloped industrialization, slow population agglomeration and real estate bubbles are primary threats to the sustainability of administrative urbanization.
文摘The background of research was conditions of settlement in slum area at Tallo which are most apprehensive; lack of facilities, the houses made of flammable materials, and some criminal action occurred in the density settlement. Upgrading Programs has been twice implemented in this area. However, those have the same aim, to improve street and drainage condition around the area. The different between of them is the using of material which are the first program used asphalt as street cover material and the second one used paving blok. Although the upgrading programs had done, the condition of the settlement did not improve significantly. The problems in settlement were not only leak in infrastructure condition and needs, but also lake of community welfare, unemployment, housing conditions, and the existence of the warehouses in the settlement. The flood problems also appeared in this area which closed with the water channel to the city disposal channel so when rainy season, the area is always flooded and enter into the entrance of the houses. The objective of this research was to find the root of the problems and find good solutions for the environment and how to meet the major needs of the settlement upgrading program into the local community point of view. Field research and questioners was conducted as research method to the research objectivities in the needs of community for good environment. Furthermore, the data from the field research was analyzed by making synchronization with the theory of environmental sustainability. Results from this research showed the comparison study between first and the last condition of the settlement area which had the upgrading program implementation. These findings could provide a new guideline for the government in policy related to slum upgrading.
文摘Based on nationally representative panel data, this paper examines the content and evolution of China＇s cadre responsibility system at county-township and township- village levels. Our findings suggest that, with abolition of agricultural tax, there has been a series of changes in the focus of evaluation both at county-township and township-village levels. In county-township evaluation system, importance of economic development and social stability grew but fiscal pressure did not weaken; while in township-village system, original indicator of fiscal pressure became less important. Meanwhile, by enhancing ＂veto＂ indicator of evaluation on village cadres, township government attempted to cascade the pressure of social stability to village administration. Although central government has initiated a series of reforms on agriculture, countryside and farmers, county and township governments did not pay more attention to rural infrastructure. In addition, county government paid less and less attention to farmers＇ income growth.
文摘This study reviews important variables related to joint venture performance and identifies the key determinants of joint venture performance in Cambodia. A model of joint venture performance in Cambodia is proposed and tested. Finally guidelines for successful joint venture performance in Cambodia are proposed. Based on a study of 62 firms and interviews with 19 joint venture mangers and government officers, it was found that the most important factors driving the formation of a joint venture included access to an emerging new market, utilization of abundant and cheap labor, and existence of government incentives. The most serious obstacles to joint venture performance in Cambodia were corruption, lack of physical infrastructure, bureaucracy, and competition from a black market and smuggling. For the results indicate there are significant correlations between performance and trust, control, commitment, and ownership. Suggested guidelines to improve joint venture performance in Cambodia are proposed.
