This paper will assess the way in which consumerism is used to manipulate individuals within marginalized groups, specifically those based on race and gender. Following a Marxist framework, this paper will illustrate ...This paper will assess the way in which consumerism is used to manipulate individuals within marginalized groups, specifically those based on race and gender. Following a Marxist framework, this paper will illustrate a symbiotic relationship between the laborer and the capitalist, a hierarchal relationship where mutual dependence encourages unrelenting exploitation. Further focus will center on how these social hierarchies perpetuate a continuous enslavement of individuals politically defined as black and politically defined as woman. These identities are outlined within the framework of two active dichotomies： black/white and man/woman. Both gender and race are key factors in determining an individual＇s identity. Because the hegemonic gender is man, while the hegemonic race is white, any person who does not fit into those two categories simultaneously is underprivileged. Hence the reason why black and woman, both of which have been historically deemed subordinate to white and man, is automatically a part of the underprivileged working class. Since the hierarchal laborer-capitalist relationship is greatly validated by socializations, it cannot be voided by taking legal action alone. However, policy changes addressing education gaps, gender wage gaps, and hiring discrepancies, can assist in decoupling the social constructs of race and gender from class therefore minimizing racial and gender privileges.展开更多
This paper stresses the role of media and communication in promoting good governance by presenting a multi-leveled analytical approach to issues and cases both nationally and internationally. The study draws policy im...This paper stresses the role of media and communication in promoting good governance by presenting a multi-leveled analytical approach to issues and cases both nationally and internationally. The study draws policy implications for the Chinese government as regards to integrating building communication capacity into governance agenda. Even though there is a growing attention on implementing communication programs into policies, the study on the role of the media and communication in governance has not been dearly conceptualized. This 15aper analyses the role of media and communication in promoting good governance from the levels of state governments, civil society and the general public, respectively. It argues that strong communication capacity at the governmental level increases governance effectiveness through helping to build consensus in policy-making and promote development policies; strong communication capacity of the civil society expands the development results when the NGOs work together with the mass media to promote their activities and prioritize development goals through media＇s agenda-setting and framing functions; and strong communication capacity strengthens the voice of the public and empower them to hold the government account through the media＇s watch-dog role. The paper concludes that improving communication capacity is essential to achieve good governance for the Chinese government.展开更多
文摘This paper will assess the way in which consumerism is used to manipulate individuals within marginalized groups, specifically those based on race and gender. Following a Marxist framework, this paper will illustrate a symbiotic relationship between the laborer and the capitalist, a hierarchal relationship where mutual dependence encourages unrelenting exploitation. Further focus will center on how these social hierarchies perpetuate a continuous enslavement of individuals politically defined as black and politically defined as woman. These identities are outlined within the framework of two active dichotomies： black/white and man/woman. Both gender and race are key factors in determining an individual＇s identity. Because the hegemonic gender is man, while the hegemonic race is white, any person who does not fit into those two categories simultaneously is underprivileged. Hence the reason why black and woman, both of which have been historically deemed subordinate to white and man, is automatically a part of the underprivileged working class. Since the hierarchal laborer-capitalist relationship is greatly validated by socializations, it cannot be voided by taking legal action alone. However, policy changes addressing education gaps, gender wage gaps, and hiring discrepancies, can assist in decoupling the social constructs of race and gender from class therefore minimizing racial and gender privileges.
文摘This paper stresses the role of media and communication in promoting good governance by presenting a multi-leveled analytical approach to issues and cases both nationally and internationally. The study draws policy implications for the Chinese government as regards to integrating building communication capacity into governance agenda. Even though there is a growing attention on implementing communication programs into policies, the study on the role of the media and communication in governance has not been dearly conceptualized. This 15aper analyses the role of media and communication in promoting good governance from the levels of state governments, civil society and the general public, respectively. It argues that strong communication capacity at the governmental level increases governance effectiveness through helping to build consensus in policy-making and promote development policies; strong communication capacity of the civil society expands the development results when the NGOs work together with the mass media to promote their activities and prioritize development goals through media＇s agenda-setting and framing functions; and strong communication capacity strengthens the voice of the public and empower them to hold the government account through the media＇s watch-dog role. The paper concludes that improving communication capacity is essential to achieve good governance for the Chinese government.
