The welfare states have been upheld the ＂government-oriented＂？ideal since they established. In recent years, this ideal of the welfare states can＇t meet the requirements of the times, so that the welfare states ge...The welfare states have been upheld the ＂government-oriented＂？ideal since they established. In recent years, this ideal of the welfare states can＇t meet the requirements of the times, so that the welfare states get into the trouble of development. How to develop the welfare states？ This paper presents a new idea that the welfare states should change the path of their development： from ＂government-oriented＂ to ＂citizen-oriented＂. Welfare states took actions, such as ＂de-commercialization＂, ＂differential protection＂ to achieve the ＂optimal fairness＂, and ultimately guarantee the people＇s happiness.展开更多
After the monetary and political crisis of 1997 and 1998, Indonesia has been viewed by some observers as having entered into a transitional phase from authoritarian rule by a strong state toward a new democratic syste...After the monetary and political crisis of 1997 and 1998, Indonesia has been viewed by some observers as having entered into a transitional phase from authoritarian rule by a strong state toward a new democratic system of government in which civil societies will play a more prominent role. Democratization process is also accompanied by the rise of a strong civil society, which would together result in more efficient and transparent governments at local levels. This article aims to show the dynamic of democratization process in Indonesia, in which civil societies such as business actors, NGOs （non-government organizations）, journalists, scientists, business associations, consumer organizations, etc., play a more apparent role. Focused on the establishment of Private Sector Ombudsman （Lembaga Ombudsman Swasta--LOS） and also its role and responsibility, the author examines how LOS has become an alternative option for consumers to strengthen access to justice. In the last three years, LOS has succeeded in handling more than 200 cases and some of them have been the hottest issues. On the one hand, the emergence of LOS shows that civil society in Yogyakarta has played a significant role in implementing business ethics and good governance principles, and on the other hand, LOS has been proven to be the answer for consumers＇ needs in which consumers＇ complaints settled quickly, informal, and free of charge.展开更多
文摘The welfare states have been upheld the ＂government-oriented＂？ideal since they established. In recent years, this ideal of the welfare states can＇t meet the requirements of the times, so that the welfare states get into the trouble of development. How to develop the welfare states？ This paper presents a new idea that the welfare states should change the path of their development： from ＂government-oriented＂ to ＂citizen-oriented＂. Welfare states took actions, such as ＂de-commercialization＂, ＂differential protection＂ to achieve the ＂optimal fairness＂, and ultimately guarantee the people＇s happiness.
文摘After the monetary and political crisis of 1997 and 1998, Indonesia has been viewed by some observers as having entered into a transitional phase from authoritarian rule by a strong state toward a new democratic system of government in which civil societies will play a more prominent role. Democratization process is also accompanied by the rise of a strong civil society, which would together result in more efficient and transparent governments at local levels. This article aims to show the dynamic of democratization process in Indonesia, in which civil societies such as business actors, NGOs （non-government organizations）, journalists, scientists, business associations, consumer organizations, etc., play a more apparent role. Focused on the establishment of Private Sector Ombudsman （Lembaga Ombudsman Swasta--LOS） and also its role and responsibility, the author examines how LOS has become an alternative option for consumers to strengthen access to justice. In the last three years, LOS has succeeded in handling more than 200 cases and some of them have been the hottest issues. On the one hand, the emergence of LOS shows that civil society in Yogyakarta has played a significant role in implementing business ethics and good governance principles, and on the other hand, LOS has been proven to be the answer for consumers＇ needs in which consumers＇ complaints settled quickly, informal, and free of charge.
