中国将呈现怎样的“后奥运效应”

奥运会会给主办国的经济带来多方面收益。然而,在二战结束后的50多年里,多数东道主都出现过所谓的"后奥运时期经济放缓"现象。那么,作为2008年夏季奥运会东道主的中国是否会重演历史呢?随着北京奥运会的临近,对中国的经济增长可能会在奥运会之后急剧放缓的担忧不断增加。许多奥运会举办国似乎都经历过奥运后低谷效应这一综合症,如何借鉴它们的经验教训,值得我们认真思考。

Improving China's Legal System for Product Quality Guarantees ——A legal analysi s of product quality guarantee regulation by the Government

It is the responsibility of governments to supervise and regulateproduct quality to protect consumers and prevent failures in the product qualityguarantee system.Appropriate supervision will help safeguard the interests ofconsumers,promote product quality,and resolve disputes.The extent of supervisionshould be guided by the principle of need for state intervention andneeds to be highly diversified.

Solidary Economy： From Subsistence to Entrepreneurship

This article intends to address the Solidary Economy Network of Dourados--MS, Brazil. Treated as public policy since 2001, this mode of production and consumption has achieved increasing prominence on the world stage, its capacity for income generation and social inclusion. The program is developed from the parameters of the Municipal Social Assistance and Fellowship Economy and has the support of organizations such as the NGO （Non-Governmental Organization） Women in Motion, the Community Bank and SEBRAE. The research was based on survey data in the Registry, personal interview with the Superintendent of Solidary Economy. They still relied on data from the annual survey of the Department relating to the Network ECOSOL of 2007. This data allowed us to analyze the context of the movement, the target audience and the actions taken by the Department and effectively understand if the actions are having the desired results.

Thoughts on e-waste recycling

This paper summarizes the situation of e-waste recycling in China, points out several key problems, identify the causes and draw lessons and experiences abroad about e-waste management, propose systematic suggestions from the production side, the recovery side, consumers side, government departments and thelegislation.

Perceived Influence of Toothpaste Repackaging on Purchase Predisposition of Customers in Owo, Ondo State

Packaging has advanced from being preserver of products to being a visible billboard and a silent salesman for products. This has made the manufacturers to keep repackaging their products especially toothpaste. The paper therefore examines perceived influence of the toothpaste repackaging on the purchase predisposition of the residents of Owo Local Government Area using Mymy, Close Up, Macleans and Pepsodent as case study. Survey design was employed for the study while two hundred copies of questionnaire were administered to two hundred respondents who were selected through purposive sampling. The finding revealed that there is significant influence of change in packaging of tooth paste on the consumers＇ purchase predisposition which may invariably lead to purchase of these brands of tooth paste. The study therefore recommends that manufacturers should introduce changes in elements of tooth paste carefully and gradually in order to study the consumers＇ reaction to such change.

Participation in the Higher Education Chamber [CESJ of the National Education Council （：CNE） During the Administration of Fernando Henrique Cardoso

After the creation of the Law 9.394/96, which established the bases of Brazilian education, it is noted that government policies initiated at Fernando Henrique Cardoso （FHC） government reinforced the education decentralization process, combining higher education reform with state reform ruled by neoliberal policies. The literature about Higher Education contemporary problems points to three central themes： access to higher education, academic organization, and public universities privatization. Therefore, it is important to analyze the public space of relationship between state and civil society constituted for making decisions in this area because its deliberations directly affect public policy development. This paper aims to examine the capacity of Higher Education Chamber （CES） of the National Education Council （CNE） to consolidate civil society participation in decision-making issues concerning Higher Education in the period that includes 1997-2002, The CNE was selected because it is the highest forum for participation： it discusses the problems involved in national education, especially in higher education, whose decisions are taken by CES. The period 1997-2002 was defined because it is the period of President FHC government, after the creation of Law 9.394/96. The official documents and Council documents analysis showed that this public space consolidates the participation because there is an educational process of recognition of civil society issues, although there are restrictions imposed by the government.

Study on the Regional Distribution of Energy Efficiency from the Point of Pollutant Emissions

In this paper, the author uses super-efficiency DEA model to measure the national and regional energy efficiency in China; using spatial econometric model and from the perspective of geo-spatial spillover, the author interprets the spatial characteristies of energy efficiency and extracts the main factors that influ- ence the regional energy efficiency. The analysis results show that： （1） the national and regional energy efficiency is consistent with inverted U-shaped curve, and the nationwide energy efficiency gap is increasing; （2） energy efficiency has the obvious effect of the spatial external effect, and when the government makes energy saving strategies, inter-regional energy cooperation and the prolif- eration of advanced production technology should be given more priority; （3） energy efficiency has significant negative correlation with government intervention, industrial structure, ownership structure, the energy consumption structure, and resource endowments, and has positive correlation with the degree of opening-up and energy price.

Energy Planning in Small Municipalities Based on Monitoring Results and Demand Side Management

Recent estimates state that the European Union is on course to achieve only half of the 20% energy consumption reduction target by 2020. As the first governmental stakeholders involved in the implementation of energy saving initiatives, municipalities play a strategic role in the energy planning process. This paper focuses on establishment of an energy planning methodology for small municipalities with numbers of inhabitants in range of 1,000-10,000 which often face common problems associated with low efficient district heat supply systems and decreasing energy consumption in buildings. Particular attention is paid to DSM （demand side management） activities. DSM scheme includes legislative and financial flows with small investments from municipality side. Based on increased information and motivation it promotes reduction of energy consumption in all kinds of buildings. Practical experience has shown that application of DSM measures allows achieving 20% energy savings in municipal buildings during the first year.

An Empirical Study of Effects of Chinese Government＇s Tax Revenue and Expenditure on Its GDP＇s Growth

Public spending is a major policy tool for the government to adjust the macro economic progress. This paper characterizes the effects of shocks in government spending and taxes on Chinese economy growth since 1978. It does so by using a mixed structural VAR （SVAR） approach. Identification is achieved by using institutional information about the tax and spending to identify automatic and discretionary response, and by implication, to infer fiscal shocks. The results show positive government spending shocks as having a positive effect on output, and positive tax shocks as having a negative effects.