务时寄政 轻重因变:管子的经济哲学思辨

管子经济哲学思想是以"循道"为核心,《管子·轻重》诸篇的核心内容就是轻重价格理论,它在实质上强调国家必须采取诸种有效的措施来及时干预市场价格,掌控商品货币关系,继而最终实现国民经济的健康、稳定、和谐的可持续发展。可以说,《管子》推崇的轻重治术、贫富有度、侈俭并用、以民为本、本末并举等哲学思辨直至今日仍富含意味深远的借鉴意义。

论历代妇女感时讽政诗

本文对历代妇女感时讽政诗做了归纳和评述 ,认为从内容上大致可归纳为四个方面 :一是闪耀着爱国主义思想光辉的诗篇 ;二是誓死殉节 ,义不受辱 ;三是抨击时政 ,反映社会动荡、人民流离的诗篇 ;四是争女权、驱鞑虏 ,闪耀着巾帼女侠豪迈激情的诗篇。说明古代妇女参政议政的意识和能力并不逊于男性 。

政治复习课如何实现高效化

本文从夯实基础知识、运用多种方法、精心上讲评课、规范答题程序、密切结合时政等五个方面，就如何实现政治复习课高效化进行了初步探讨，以求更有效地提高学生的政治综合能力。

桓谭政论思想探析

桓谭是两汉之际的哲学家、政论家,他提出神识依靠形体而存在的唯物主义形神观,驳斥了两汉之交的谶纬神学,明确阐述政令要与世务相吻合、统一法度等政治主张,提出崇王黜霸,归于修身等古文经学的儒家观点。桓谭的政论思想是当时进步思想的一种梳理和总结,积极建议君主在国家治理和人才培养方面走上传统的道德追问道路,这种回归在当时具有客观之理性、科学之态度和时代进步性。

邹衍学说要旨浅析

在多数中国思想史或哲学史著作中,邹衍常不被提及,似乎认为其思想荒诞离奇而难登大雅之堂。但笔者认为这在很大程度上曲解了邹衍学说的真精神,其实它本质上是一种讲如何为政的政治学说,对如何治理国家有一套明确的思路和特殊的方式,即人事合天道,人治法自然,务时寄政,应天而治,这与儒家的德治和法家的法治截然不同。

Extraction of Basic Trends of Urban Expansion in China over Past 40 Years from Satellite Images

If urban sprawl is to be avoided in China in the next ten years, it is not only crucial to understand the overall history, current status, and future trends of urban expansion there, but also these differences, and this is presently lacking. In this study, remotely sensed images with approximately 30 m spatial resolution were used to quantitatively assess the spatial and temporal patterns of urban expansion of 60 Chinese cities(1973–2013). Urban-expansion-process curves of the cities studied were drawn using annual expansion area as an indicator. Curve similarity analysis generated four basic process modes of urban expansion in China. These included cities that: 1) peaked around 2004 and then decelerated; 2) peaked around 2010 and then decelerated; 3) showed sustained acceleration, and 4) showed continued deceleration. Four basic process modes represented cities under different levels of development stage. Geographic location was found to be the most related characteristic to urban expansion process. Regional development policies at the national level in each region also showed highly temporal consistency with fluctuation characteristics of urban expansion process. Urban characteristic such as population size and administrative level were not found to be significantly related to urban expansion-process modes. Understanding the basic process-mode categories well is extremely important for future regional-balance planning and development of macroeconomic policies.

Time-varying impact of political risk on copper prices

Using the International Country Risk Guide(ICRG)index to represent countries’political risk,the time-varying effect of political risk on copper prices was examined based on the time-varying parameter structural vector autoregression with stochastic volatility(TVP-SVAR-SV)model.The empirical results show that the impact of political risk on copper prices is time-varying and has tended to increase gradually in recent years.There are significant country-level differences in the impact of political risk on copper prices.Political risk has a stronger and longer-lasting impact on copper prices in exporting countries.In terms of risk sources,external and internal conflicts contribute most to international copper price fluctuations in the sample period.The impact of political risk on copper prices reaches an extreme level during the international financial crisis,the European debt crisis,and the election of Donald Trump.

Three Models of English Education in China＇s Universities ——-A Historical Perspective

In the present paper, a comparison is made of the three formats in the history of EECU （English education in China＇s universities）. In the first period （1904-1949）, English education was conducted separately in government-managed educational institutions and in institutions sponsored by church-related organizations; English education was well-knit with both general education and specialty education; and self-motivating learning was encouraged. In the second period （1950-1966）, almost everything was tinted with a shady color of politics： A halt was addressed drastically to EEC （English education in China） in 1952. In the gradual recovery that started four years later, the second format was sawed and hammered, showing the following features： All non-government-mamaged institutions vanished from the stage; English was taught solely as a language or a system of verbal parts, almost deprived of all cultural loading. The third period （1978 onwards） has witnessed a barrier-free and rapid development of over three decades, resulting in the unprecedented pervasion of EECU. Yet in the third tbrmat, learners＇ efforts have turned wholly test-oriented, degenerating into the saddening disintegrity of learning as a process into isolated charges to the target of a test at a time; the ignorant reduction of the learning methods to ＂Vocabulary Booklets Plus Collections of Test Papers＂. Such a comparison not only provides a multi-dimensional perspective of EECU and a better understanding of it, but also offers some important experiences and lessons for the search of an effective solution to the pervasive problem of＂Time-Consumingness and Low-Efficiency＂.

Political Administration through the Network from the Perspective of Public Govemance

Political administration through the network is a positive response of the governmental governance model to the information age from the perspective of public governance. Political administration through the network means that public governance appears on the Internet and the government generates an interactive and interdependent relationship with the society and the public, for the ultimate purpose of archiving the public governance. In this paper, on the basis of public governance theory, the important significance and positive effect of the political administration through the network is shown by combining with the governmental governance model change in the information age.

A public Cloud-based China's Landslide Inventory Database(Cs LID): development, zone, and spatiotemporal analysis for significant historical events, 1949-2011

Landslide inventory plays an important role in recording landslide events and showing their temporal-spatial distribution. This paper describes the development, visualization, and analysis of a China's Landslide Inventory Database(Cs LID) by utilizing Google's public cloud computing platform. Firstly, Cs LID(Landslide Inventory Database) compiles a total of 1221 historical landslide events spanning the years 1949-2011 from relevant data sources. Secondly, the Cs LID is further broken down into six zones for characterizing landslide cause-effect, spatiotemporal distribution, fatalities, and socioeconomic impacts based on the geological environment and terrain. The results show that among all the six zones, zone V, located in Qinba and Southwest Mountainous Area is the most active landslide hotspot with the highest landslide hazard in China. Additionally, the Google public cloud computing platform enables the Cs LID to be easily accessible, visually interactive, and with the capability of allowing new data input to dynamically augment the database. This work developed a cyber-landslide inventory and used it to analyze the landslide temporal-spatial distribution in China.

Dynamic response pattern of gold prices to economic policy uncertainty

Based on a time-varying parameter structural vector autoregression with stochastic volatility(TVP-SVAR-SV)model,the time-varying effects and country differences of economic policy uncertainty(EPU)on gold prices from August 2006 to December 2017 were examined.The results show that the effects of global economic policy uncertainty(GEPU)shock on gold prices change over time.The changes were positive during 2006-2008 and 2013-2017,while the impacts were negative during 2009-2012,implying that the efficiency of gold as a safe haven is not stable and depends on economic conditions.There are significant country differences regarding the impact of EPU on the price of gold,particularly during the international financial crisis,European debt crisis and Trump election.During the international financial crisis,EPU exerts a positive impact on gold prices in most countries.During the European debt crisis,the impact of EPU on gold prices is mainly negative in the examined countries.While during the Trump election,the impact displays positive and negative alternating in most countries.

The Impact of Temporal and Political Context on Institutional Change

In order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of institutional change, researchers need to go beyond a snapshot view of significant events but consider events in their temporal setting. Pierson （2004） advocated that the events that lead to institutional change should be placed in a moving temporal context, as this will not only add to our comprehension of the dynamics of change, but also enrich the existing research and enhance the theories we employ to give meaning to these events. Pierson （2004） laid the foundation for the research that was later developed by Thelen （2009） that considered incremental endogenous shifts in institutional thinking that can often result in fundamental transformations. The central issues of Pierson＇s （2004） thesis lay in his interpretation of history and its relationship with path dependence. He claimed that once an institution has chosen a particular path to follow, it can become locked into that pathway and so the options of choice are restricted. This then presumed that an institutions first choice of action is crucial to whether they become locked into a successful course of action or not. The result of the first choice being successful or not would be dependent on the presence of increasing returns. The explication Pierson proffers of increasing returns is different to an economic one in that it is based on positive feedback processes and politics in time. The implications of Pierson＇s work and those that followed have a very serious place in our understanding of institutional change.

The Financing Situation and Suggestion of the Construction of Indemnificatory Housing in the Background of Land Finance Transformation

In recent years, the Chinese government has taken lots of measures to expand domestic demand and promote economic growth in response to the financial crisis. Accelerating the construction of indemnificatory housing is one of the most important measures. In order to solve the problem of the insufficient supply of the indemnificatory housing, the government speed up the construction of indemnificatory housing and constantly expand the scale of the construction. With the increase of indemnificatory housing, the problem of construction fund is increasingly highlighted. Large-scale construction of indemnificatory housing in the short term results in large funds pressure. Indemnificatory housing fund has several notable features, it requires a large demand for money and the capital turnover time is quite long. Also, its poor liquidity makes it difficult to get your money out at any time. In this article, the present situation and existing problems of indemnificatory housing are analyzed, the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward combining the capital sources of indemnificatory housing, so as to provide reference for indemnificatory housing financing.

Defining Landscape： Resolving Contradictions at Postcolonial Omhedi, the Oukwanyama Royal Palace, Namibia

The history of Omhedi in north-central Namibia is not simply about place but is a site that internalizes conflictual and contradictory social forces which are inscribed in place. While Omhedi was a contested site of conflict during the war of liberation and served as a stage for ethnographic tours and photography, it has in post-colonial period come to represent a segment of important local power as it is currently the seat of the new Oukwanyama kingship. The central aim of this paper is to explain the transformation of Omhedi as a site of＂spectacles＂ of culture during the colonial period and as the seat of Oukwanyama monarchy in post-colonial Namibia. It centrally asks how the colonial politics of the time influenced the way Omhedi was organized and accessed and the ways in which people attach meaning to and organize a sense of space and place in the postcolonial era. This paper is significant as it explores how political legitimacy can be reactivated at such a contradictory site of＂traditional＂ power like Omhedi and what meanings these hold in terms of access in postcolonial Namibia. I conclude by raising issues of the past with the restoration of the Oukwanyama monarchy and its installation at Omhedi after independence, posing key questions about shifts in political legitimacy in both the colony and the post-colony. My analysis utilizes theories on the important use of landscape as a physical ＂space＂ for living, but also as a ＂place＂ with its meanings and contributions to societal identity. Consequently the place identity is a particular element contributing to sense of place. I argue that there exists a sense of nostalgia that many Ovakwanyama people have for a precolonial past, and the Omhedi landscape serves that purpose. In analyzing these sentiments against the construction of Omhedi as a space and place, this highlights a sense of identity and belonging that many Ovakwanyama people have towards Omhedi in default of any site with deeper legitimation or authenticity.

Analysis of Factors Determining the Demand for Water： A Case Study of Sabie Administrative Post, Moamba District, Mozambique

Water is an important resource for human being. However, it has been increasingly becoming the limited resource. Therefore, the debate of water issues has been centered in mechanisms to implement sustainable water management. Hence, understanding the determinants of water demand might help design appropriate water management policies, however, they are not known in Mozambique. Due to the lack of knowledge about the determinants of water demand in Mozambique in general and in Sabi6 in particular, the present study was conducted to analyse the factors determining the water demand for irrigation and domestic use using a linear regression model and travel cost method, respectively. The results show that an increase in 1 h of irrigation time increases the quantity demanded of irrigation water by 362.04 m3 and an increase in one irrigation per week increases the quantity demanded of irrigation water by 1,065.61 m3. Additionally, the results show that an increase in 1% of time spent in water collection decreases the number of trips by 0.3% and an increase in 1% in the number of household members involved in water collection decreases the number of the water collection trips by 0.23%. Household having private taps have less number of trips collecting water compared to those collecting water from public taps and boreholes as well as rivers. Therefore, the water demand for irrigation is determined by time spent for irrigation per day and the number of irrigations per week, and water demand for domestic use is determined by time spent for water collection, number of household members involved in water collection, the volumes of the containers used to collect water, the number of containers used to collect water, the quantity of water consumed by the household as well as the main source of water （river, boreholes and public tap）.

The Supportive Shipping Policies in Late Qing Dynasty： A Comparative Study between China and Foreign Countries

This study makes a comparison between China and foreign countries about the ＂supportive shipping policies＂ in the period of late Qing Dynasty, from 1840 to 1911. After the first opium war, China was forced to open the gate of the old oriental country to the world. As more treaty ports opened, the import and export of goods increased the growing trade that brought about the increased demands of shipping transportation. In the same period, British, France, America, Germany and Japan governing bodies instated various kinds of laws, regulations and other policies encouraging their national shipping companies to grab shipping market share. As a result, foreign steamship companies monopolized Chinese shipping market quickly. Faced with this situation, in 1872, the China Merchants＇ Steam Navigation Company was the fisst steamship company of China to be formed. It was a government-supervised and merchant-managed company, and the Qing Dynasty government took a series of measures to support it under the fierce competition, these measures were different from foreign countries＇.

Spatio-temporal Dynamic of Quality of Life of Residents, Northeast China

Quality of life(QOL) is a hotspot issue that has attracted increasing attention from the Chinese Government and scholars, it is also a vital issue that should be addressed during the cause of ′establishing overall well-off society′. Northeast China is one of the most import old industrial bases in China, however, the industrial structure of heavy chemical industry and the development mode of ′production first, living last′ have leaded to series of social problems, which have also become a serious bottleneck to social stability and economic sustainable development. Through applying the methods of BP neural network, exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA) and spatial regression model, this paper examines the space-time dynamics of QOL of the residents in Northeast China. We first investigate the indexes of QOL of the residents and then use ESDA methods to visualize its space-time relationship. We have found a spatial agglomeration of QOL of the residents in middle-southern Liaoning Province, central Jilin Province and Harbin-Qiqihar-Daqing area of Heilongjiang Province. Two third of the counties are low-low spatial correlation, and the correlative type of about 60% of the prefecture level areas keeps stable, indicating QOL of the residents in Northeast China shows a certain character of path dependence or spatial locked. We have also found that economic strength and development levels of service industry have positive and obvious effect on QOL of the residents, while the effect of such indexes as the social service level and the proportion of the tertiary industries are less.

Total Spending Equation of St. Louis Model： A Causality Analysis for Turkish Economy

Andersen and Jordan （1968） aimed to measure efficiency of monetary and fiscal actions on real GDP by employing a time-series model which was called as St. Louis Model afterwards. Although the model is performed in many countries similarly, the results differ from each other in accordance with the economic structure of relevant country In this regard, the aim of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policies on real activity and to find out causal relationship among questioned variables using OLS and causality methodologies in Turkish economy over the period 1998：1-2010： IV. Empirical findings indicate that only monetary policy has a significant positive effect on economic activity in the short run, Nonetheless, neither monetary nor fiscal policy has significant impact on real output in the long run. Causality analysis shows that there exists a unidirectional causality running from real output and money stock to government expenditures. Moreover, not surprisingly, it is also found that crisis experiences of Turkey in sample period have highly adverse impact on real activity. Causality analysis suggests us considering government expenditures as explained variable instead of real output. Hence, it can be concluded that St. Louis Model total spending equation is not applicable for Turkish economy during 1998-2010 periods

Ethiopian Cinema： The Socio-economic and Political Impacts of Imperial Era on the Development of Screen Media 1

Ethiopia that had been at the high-up as one of the few world powers in the 1 st and early centuries of the 2nd millennium, and later to descend to poverty line to the extent of being synonym for famine and degradation in an English dictionary, is currently on the verge of socio-economic renaissance. Likewise, the country that experienced film viewing in the very early years of the development of world cinema for more than hundred years bad eventually lagged behind those African countries exposed to cinematic arts a few decades ago; but now relatively ascending to its historical status. These days, over hundred films are produced on annual bases in Ethiopia. Nevertheless, articles, books, and encyclopedias written on African and world cinema do not as such include the Ethiopian account, hence adversely affecting the wholeness of universal knowledge. This research thus attempts to investigate the socio-economic and political impacts that governed the development of the Ethiopian screen media during imperial era （1897-1974）. The inconsistency in the development of Ethiopian cinema will be analyzed and demonstrated in conjunction with the socio-economic and political features in the era of Emperor Menelik II, Lij Iyasu, Empress Zewditu, and Emperor Haile Sellassie. The study will portray the strong link between Cinema and mode of productions that would be of a scholastic benefit to the Ethiopian and the international academia. The article hopefully, will contribute to the historiography and completeness of African screen median in particular, and world cinema in general.

An Analysis on the US New Media Public Diplomacy Toward China on WeChat Public Account

Nowadays, with the development of the Internet, especially the mobile Internet, the appearance of WeCbat has a deep influence on the communication among people, WeChat public accounts have changed a lot to the experience of getting information for people of all ages at the same time. As a new platform for public diplomacy, many foreign embassies and consulates in China have built their own public accounts of WeChat. These public accounts have become a new type of media to learn about these countries＇ culture, society, and so on. The paper takes the WeChat public account of the US embassy in China as an example, collecting information during a period of time and summarizing their characteristics and revelations. As a model of new media public diplomacy, WeChat public accounts have a silent transforming influence of public diplomacy. In addition, the new media public diplomacy plays an important role in promoting the development of China＇s public diplomacy strategy, which increasingly becomes a useful supplement to China＇s foreign policy. Therefore, in the mobile lnternet era, the research of new media public diplomacy has an important implication.