Rail transport in most developing countries, is usually the least developed mode. For instance, in Nigeria the vibrant fortune of rail transport operations and development has been on decline since mid 1970s.The devel...Rail transport in most developing countries, is usually the least developed mode. For instance, in Nigeria the vibrant fortune of rail transport operations and development has been on decline since mid 1970s.The developmental gap in rail transport in Nigeria is responsible for a significant level of access denial to a safer, affordable and environmentally-friendly mode of transport, to the younger generation of Nigerians. Through a critique of past railways developmental projects and policies, this paper was able to identify the principal factors responsible for its intangible contributions to the socio-economic development of Nigeria. It further highlighted the role（s） politics of policies inconsistency and somersault plays, to the detriment of realization of a vibrant railway system in Nigeria. The findings revealed that discontinuity and incoherence in policy implementation by successful governments, policy reversal as well as uncoordinated national transport policy goal and objectives as clogs in the wheel of progress of railways development in Nigeria. In conclusion, the paper hinged the rapid development of the rail industry in Nigeria on institutional paradigm shift, whereby the rail authority will enjoy a reasonable level of autonomy in decision making, finance and investment in rail operations, infrastructure supply and technological advancement in Nigeria.展开更多
With the development and progress of the social sciences, the Party and the state have attached great importance to the work of the construction of the informatization. Especially the Eighteenth National Congress of t...With the development and progress of the social sciences, the Party and the state have attached great importance to the work of the construction of the informatization. Especially the Eighteenth National Congress of the CPC put forward the synchronous development of the ＂four modernizations＂, and promoted the information technology to the national strategy, making the field of the construction of the informatization broader, so that the informatization also occupied an important position in the construction of colleges and universities. The development of the informatization plays an important role in the development of colleges and universities.展开更多
The purpose of this article is to raise the question of how important decentralisation and local governments are for the successful transition and eventually for sustainable human development of a state. The paper foc...The purpose of this article is to raise the question of how important decentralisation and local governments are for the successful transition and eventually for sustainable human development of a state. The paper focuses on the gap between development or transition and decentralisation within academic and international policy discourse. In article, the author tries to answer such questions as how local government can contribute to SHD （sustainable human development）. And how should the international community contribute to and support the transition and development process of the developing countries？ Article shows that local self-government can be a school of democracy and responsibility for the wealth of the state and citizens. By sharing the Polish decentralisation experience, the author shows how important decentralisation might be for successful transition, democratization and sustainable development. The paper also includes a short introduction to the European Charter, recent African efforts like AMCOD or UCLGA and European Union development assistance policy. The purpose of this is to show how little attention is paid to local governments and decentralisation within international policy and how huge is the gap between Europe＇s （developed） states and Africa＇s （developing） states related to their decentralisation policy, law and practice.展开更多
Over the long history of political civilization,the 100 years of the party politics of socialist countries has emerged as a new form of politics.Exploration of the last 100 years of the party politics of socialist cou...Over the long history of political civilization,the 100 years of the party politics of socialist countries has emerged as a new form of politics.Exploration of the last 100 years of the party politics of socialist countries deals with the self-governance and national governance of Marxist ruling parties.It reflects intraparty relationships,interparty relationships,relationships between party and government and relationships between party and society,as well as foreign relations,and spans three historical periods,comprising the first establishment of party politics in Soviet Russia;the adoption of party rule in other countries,with concomitant setbacks;and the achievement by China,Vietnam and other countries of party political innovation and development.A review of the experience of the past hundred years shows that success in making party politics the basic system in socialist countries and in tapping its full potential is attributable to the efforts made by Marxist ruling parties to undertake fruitful theoretical reflection and grasp values,adhere to the truth and correct mistakes on the basis of exceptional strategic confidence and policy commitment,while constantly opening up new stages of theoretical understanding and practical development.The party politics of socialist countries in the 21 st century drives their modernization andcultivates and improves their practice.The union of the two in the magnificent historical process of the sustainable development of socialist institutional civilization will have major and far-reaching significance for building a brighter future for humanity.展开更多
文摘Rail transport in most developing countries, is usually the least developed mode. For instance, in Nigeria the vibrant fortune of rail transport operations and development has been on decline since mid 1970s.The developmental gap in rail transport in Nigeria is responsible for a significant level of access denial to a safer, affordable and environmentally-friendly mode of transport, to the younger generation of Nigerians. Through a critique of past railways developmental projects and policies, this paper was able to identify the principal factors responsible for its intangible contributions to the socio-economic development of Nigeria. It further highlighted the role（s） politics of policies inconsistency and somersault plays, to the detriment of realization of a vibrant railway system in Nigeria. The findings revealed that discontinuity and incoherence in policy implementation by successful governments, policy reversal as well as uncoordinated national transport policy goal and objectives as clogs in the wheel of progress of railways development in Nigeria. In conclusion, the paper hinged the rapid development of the rail industry in Nigeria on institutional paradigm shift, whereby the rail authority will enjoy a reasonable level of autonomy in decision making, finance and investment in rail operations, infrastructure supply and technological advancement in Nigeria.
文摘With the development and progress of the social sciences, the Party and the state have attached great importance to the work of the construction of the informatization. Especially the Eighteenth National Congress of the CPC put forward the synchronous development of the ＂four modernizations＂, and promoted the information technology to the national strategy, making the field of the construction of the informatization broader, so that the informatization also occupied an important position in the construction of colleges and universities. The development of the informatization plays an important role in the development of colleges and universities.
文摘The purpose of this article is to raise the question of how important decentralisation and local governments are for the successful transition and eventually for sustainable human development of a state. The paper focuses on the gap between development or transition and decentralisation within academic and international policy discourse. In article, the author tries to answer such questions as how local government can contribute to SHD （sustainable human development）. And how should the international community contribute to and support the transition and development process of the developing countries？ Article shows that local self-government can be a school of democracy and responsibility for the wealth of the state and citizens. By sharing the Polish decentralisation experience, the author shows how important decentralisation might be for successful transition, democratization and sustainable development. The paper also includes a short introduction to the European Charter, recent African efforts like AMCOD or UCLGA and European Union development assistance policy. The purpose of this is to show how little attention is paid to local governments and decentralisation within international policy and how huge is the gap between Europe＇s （developed） states and Africa＇s （developing） states related to their decentralisation policy, law and practice.
文摘Over the long history of political civilization,the 100 years of the party politics of socialist countries has emerged as a new form of politics.Exploration of the last 100 years of the party politics of socialist countries deals with the self-governance and national governance of Marxist ruling parties.It reflects intraparty relationships,interparty relationships,relationships between party and government and relationships between party and society,as well as foreign relations,and spans three historical periods,comprising the first establishment of party politics in Soviet Russia;the adoption of party rule in other countries,with concomitant setbacks;and the achievement by China,Vietnam and other countries of party political innovation and development.A review of the experience of the past hundred years shows that success in making party politics the basic system in socialist countries and in tapping its full potential is attributable to the efforts made by Marxist ruling parties to undertake fruitful theoretical reflection and grasp values,adhere to the truth and correct mistakes on the basis of exceptional strategic confidence and policy commitment,while constantly opening up new stages of theoretical understanding and practical development.The party politics of socialist countries in the 21 st century drives their modernization andcultivates and improves their practice.The union of the two in the magnificent historical process of the sustainable development of socialist institutional civilization will have major and far-reaching significance for building a brighter future for humanity.
