历代变法革新中政治家精神与行政理性的交汇

近代以来,企业家精神在公司治理、技术创新以及社会发展方面发挥了积极作用。类比之,政治家精神在制度创新与治理变迁的过程中亦发挥着重要作用。回顾历代变法革新可知:政治家精神扮演着引导、启动和塑造者的角色,行政理性扮演着执行、维系和保障者的角色。变法效能彰显的关键在于政治家精神与行政理性的高效互动与动态均衡。一者,相对成功的改革家,往往呈现“先国后君,重民爱民”“革旧立新,刚毅决绝”“修身正己,进退有据”等共性价值内容。二者,政治家精神的弘扬依赖于治理体系中权力预算与权力执行的均衡条件,即行政官僚体系的偏好是执行性支持还是选择性抑制。由此,稳健有效的变法革新往往发轫和功成于政治家精神与行政理性有机协调的历史节点。对二者动态均衡的分析,既可为检视政策效果、预测变革趋势提供必要的理论依据,亦可为回应治理诉求、寻求善治路径提供实践导引。

Religious Ethos and Political Discourse, the Case of Senegalese Politicians

The population finds more and more difficulties to assess the scope and content of political declaration especially in terms of plausibility and the real intentions of the speakers. This is especially true for the Senegalese public who more and more loses confidence in the political class. The public tends to look at the identity of the political personality and its personal values （morality credibility） to determine what to make of his/her words. On their side, politicians also begin promoting their image through their speeches. At this level, religious ethics seems to be unanimously considered a criterion of good morality among Senegalese politicians. We will try to look through Perelman＇s theory of argumentation, which Amossy redefined, how, in order to reach the audience, politicians adapt their words to the public, and enhance principles cherished by the populations to win the battle of the image and confidence.