皇家猎场中的生态危机——试论清代政治环境观在木兰围场的实践与影响

木兰秋狝在一百余年中一直都是清代重要的国家仪式。作为这一盛大活动的举办地,木兰围场向来以水草丰美,兽群兴旺著称于世,有"塞外神皋"之美名。然而在清代后期,因为政治环境变化等因素,木兰秋狝不断停围,最终被废止。而一度水草丰美的木兰围场也面临着严重的环境危机,出现了从木植覆盖面积,到兽群数量的全面退化。探讨木兰围场在有清一代的定位、作用及其政治和生态衰败的原因,论证清代以政治需求为导向分配资源,无视当地自然承载力及生态持续性的政治环境观。

环境政治问题的深层思考——评丹尼尔.A.科尔曼的环境政治观

科尔曼对环境政治问题作了深入的研究,《生态政治:建设一个绿色社会》就是其研究成果的集中体现。在这本书中,他提出不正确的发展理念、不合理的发展模式是生态危机得以产生的根源。防止和克服生态危机除应改变生产、生活方式外,还应该开展以确定正确的生态价值观、弘扬社群精神、扩大基层民主为主要内容的社会与政治改造运动,还应该加强国际间的合作等重要观点。科尔曼的环境政治观为我们认识环境政治问题提供了理论借鉴,有助于消除生态危机,建设绿色社会,繁荣生态政治科学。

Complexity and Strategy of Ideological and Political Education Environment in the New Century

With the overall socio-economic development at home and abroad, the macro environment of ideological and political education and political economy and society, as well as family and school microscopic environment, faces serious challenges. It is currently an important task of ideological and political education, guided by ＂Long-term Education Reform and Development Plan＂, to recognize the importance and complexity of the ideological and political education environment, and actively respond to challenges of the changing domestic and international environment, continuous optimization of ideological and political education environment.