An ongoing debate exists amongst scholars studying presidential unilateral powers. Some scholars argue presidents use directives to circumvent Congress （Nathan, 1983; Deering ＆ Maltzman, 1999; Cooper, 2002）, while ...An ongoing debate exists amongst scholars studying presidential unilateral powers. Some scholars argue presidents use directives to circumvent Congress （Nathan, 1983; Deering ＆ Maltzman, 1999; Cooper, 2002）, while other scholars argue that presidents use them to enhance their policy in conjunction with Congress in times of strong congressional support （Shull ＆ Gomez, 1997; Krause ＆ Cohen, 1997）. This study applies the same theoretical debate to another presidential unilateral power, monument proclamations. The author argued that presidents strategically issue monument proclamations when they face a hostile political environment and have lost their power of persuasion. The author examined presidential monument proclamations from 1929-2000 using an event-count model. The study shows that presidents are more inclined to use monumental proclamations when they are politically weak especially during their lame duck months when they have the least political power and influence.展开更多
This paper develops an Augustinian response to political problems diagnosed by Michel Foucault＇s analysis of modem power. Foucault argues that power in the modem age is not repressive but creative. Instead of prohibi...This paper develops an Augustinian response to political problems diagnosed by Michel Foucault＇s analysis of modem power. Foucault argues that power in the modem age is not repressive but creative. Instead of prohibiting acts, political power disciplines and normalizes subjects. Foucault＇s alternative consists in practices of aesthetic self-creation not linked to transcendent or natural order. Within Augustine＇s account of the purposive nature of love and desire, however, lies an implicit critique of Foucault＇s ethic of aesthetic self-creation. Augustine＇s eudaimonism allows him to resist the process of normalization. Augustine provides an alternative to both modem political practice and a Foucauldian practice of aesthetic self-creation.展开更多
文摘An ongoing debate exists amongst scholars studying presidential unilateral powers. Some scholars argue presidents use directives to circumvent Congress （Nathan, 1983; Deering ＆ Maltzman, 1999; Cooper, 2002）, while other scholars argue that presidents use them to enhance their policy in conjunction with Congress in times of strong congressional support （Shull ＆ Gomez, 1997; Krause ＆ Cohen, 1997）. This study applies the same theoretical debate to another presidential unilateral power, monument proclamations. The author argued that presidents strategically issue monument proclamations when they face a hostile political environment and have lost their power of persuasion. The author examined presidential monument proclamations from 1929-2000 using an event-count model. The study shows that presidents are more inclined to use monumental proclamations when they are politically weak especially during their lame duck months when they have the least political power and influence.
文摘This paper develops an Augustinian response to political problems diagnosed by Michel Foucault＇s analysis of modem power. Foucault argues that power in the modem age is not repressive but creative. Instead of prohibiting acts, political power disciplines and normalizes subjects. Foucault＇s alternative consists in practices of aesthetic self-creation not linked to transcendent or natural order. Within Augustine＇s account of the purposive nature of love and desire, however, lies an implicit critique of Foucault＇s ethic of aesthetic self-creation. Augustine＇s eudaimonism allows him to resist the process of normalization. Augustine provides an alternative to both modem political practice and a Foucauldian practice of aesthetic self-creation.
