从政策性开放到制度性开放的历史进程

本文通过对中国开放经济体制演变历程的阶段性回顾和分析,指出其从政策性开放走向制度性开放的基本特点,并对今后进一步构建契合对外开放战略升级目标的、完善的开放经济体制作出展望。

从政策性开放到体制性开放——政策引致性扭曲在发展中地位的变化

对外开放消除了我国封闭型计划经济体制的严重扭曲,但同时也因为开放以特殊政策推动而形成了新的政策引致性扭曲,影响了开放效益的提高。特区政策、贸易政策和外资政策中的激励在经济转型中发挥了积极作用,但激励性外资政策下土地、自然资源与劳动力价格的扭曲和生产的外部性等导致了开放中利益的流失。建设开放型经济的核心是消除区域发展导向型体制中的政策竞争,消除政策引致性扭曲,以产业政策、地区政策和稀缺要素培育政策取代现行的要素所有者差别政策和市场偏向政策。

How China＇s Fiscal Policy Contributes to Investment and Economic Growth： Experience and Lessons

This paper （1） discusses how the two indicators used in official statistics of China, namely total investment in fixed assets and the gross fixed capital formation, reflect changes infixed asset investment and their relationship, （2） analyzes the growth of fixed asset investment and its contribution to changes of economic growth rate since the reform and opening-up, and （3） explains how fiscal policy impacts the growth of fixed asset investment and analyzes in detail the impacts of the two rounds of contractionary fiscal policy, two rounds of expansionary fiscal policy and one round of neutral fiscal policy on China＇ s fixed asset investment growth since reform and opening-up using full and accurate data. Practice shows that the impact of fiscal policy on China＇ s fixed asset investment is direct and obvious, yet sometimes too drastic. In the future, fiscal policy should be used in alignment with other economic policies with appropriate intensity and timing so that it will help stabilize the growth of fixed asset investment.

中国利用外商直接投资的特征及发展趋势

改革开放以来,中国在利用外商直接投资方面取得了巨大的成就,本文回顾了中国外商直接投资的历程.并在此基础上研究了中国利用外商直接投资的经济、政策特点和中国外商直接投资的性质、类型,最后分析了中国下一步外商直接投资的发展趋势。