Handicraft villages play an important role in promoting social and economic development in rural areas as well as Vietnam＇s economy. Nowadays, Vietnam＇s handicrafts have a foothold in the world market, and are expor...Handicraft villages play an important role in promoting social and economic development in rural areas as well as Vietnam＇s economy. Nowadays, Vietnam＇s handicrafts have a foothold in the world market, and are exported over 163 countries and territories （Tuan, 2010）. However, the production activities of the handicraft village have a lot of shortcomings, especially the problem of environmental pollution （Chi, 2010）. Therefore, government policy plays a very important role to minimize environmental pollution villages, contributing to improving environmental quality and public health. This paper focuses on： 1）. Current status of state policy environment in handicraft villages shows the achievements and limitations of the policy, from which reviews state policy in environments in handicraft villages （through fieldwork in the handicraft villages）; and 2）. Solution to improve state policy on environmental protection in handicraft villages in Vietnam.展开更多
Every bigger economic crisis, as the current one, to separate national economies as well. However, leaves behind a huge material damage to the world economy and such crises remind national authorities of the mistakes ...Every bigger economic crisis, as the current one, to separate national economies as well. However, leaves behind a huge material damage to the world economy and such crises remind national authorities of the mistakes done in the past while creating and running macroeconomic policy and teach them how they should overcome these crises in the upcoming period. The economic growth model of the selected South Eastern European （SEE） economies （Albania, Bosnia, Macedonia, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bulgaria, and Montenegro） during pre-global economic crisis was based mainly on foreign demand and capital inflows which created big external imbalances in those countries. It was the main reason why those countries were exposed to big vulnerability of external shocks. But, the crisis reshapes the world economic map. Competition on world markets gets new forms and players. The lessons learnt from economic crisis say that there is a need for revising the pre-crisis economic growth model in the selected countries as they are less vulnerable to external shocks. New economic model will enable their long-lasting and more sustainable economic growth in the future. One approach of remodeling their economy is presented in this paper. The main finding of this research is that instead of experiencing external ＂push＂ factors for economic growth by the governments, a promotion of internal resources is needed in order to enable ＂the catching up＂ process of these countries to continue. But, all those countries are members or candidates for becoming European Union （EU） members. That means there is no room for application on entirely new economy growth model, since those countries have to create economic model which has to be convergent to the EU one. There must be different approaches by individual countries in remodeling their economies. The findings of this survey are intended to remind the policy makers of the selected SEE countries of the mistakes they made before and during the economic crisis and the need and directions for remodeling their economies in the post-crises period that will enable their long-lasting and more sustainable economic growth in the future. The position assumed for this research is interpretative using qualitative methods of research. In order to ensure comparability among results, the proposed methodological design will be multiple-case study research on the selected SEE economies.展开更多
My principal objective in this paper is to examine what position liberal egalitarians should take regarding the issue of immigration. Given that liberal egalitarians grant central importance to individual autonomy and...My principal objective in this paper is to examine what position liberal egalitarians should take regarding the issue of immigration. Given that liberal egalitarians grant central importance to individual autonomy and the moral equality of all persons, their rejection of restrictive immigration policies appears to follow from these central normative commitments. Liberal egalitarians such as Joseph Carens and Phillip Cole have argued that those who are committed to individual autonomy and moral equality should advocate for an open borders position in immigration. I argue that it is a serious mistake for liberal egalitarians to advocate open national borders and that borders should instead be strategically regulated to reduce global economic inequalities through immigration policies systematically integrated into development programs for the poorest and most vulnerable countries. Open borders would create an open market for immigration slots to choice countries of destination, which out of practical necessity would have to delimit the number of new immigrants. It is well known in migration studies that those who are more educated, young, and have more resources are more likely to migrate than the very young, the elderly, the infirm, and the poorest individuals. Those left behind in developing countries suffer serious negative consequences from the emigration of the most highly educated, capable, and talented individuals in their society. I then argue that liberal egalitarians should grant particular moral consideration to the world＇s poorest and most vulnerable and that immigration policies strategically designed to prioritize their needs are actually more consistent with the dual commitments of individual autonomy and moral equality than an open borders position. I propose three principles of global justice that are consistent with liberal egalitarianism that should guide transnational moral obligations. I end the paper by arguing that two of these principles can be used to justify restricted immigration policies that would enable developed countries to partially discharge some of their moral obligations to developing countries while enhancing the autonomy of the world＇s most vulnerable people.展开更多
Watersheds provide a variety of ecological services including soil and water conservation, carbon sequestration and biodiversity protection. However, activities in a fast-growing economy significantly impact the suppl...Watersheds provide a variety of ecological services including soil and water conservation, carbon sequestration and biodiversity protection. However, activities in a fast-growing economy significantly impact the supply and demand of these watershed services. To mitigate these impacts, the concept of payment for environmental and ecosystem services from water-sheds has emerged in global academic and policy circles. The governments and academic communities in China have increas-ingly described payments for ecological services from watersheds with the concept of watershed eco-compensation as it is urgent to protect watershed ecosystems. Watershed eco-compensation has proved to be one of the most economically effective means of solving environmental problems of watersheds to be adopted by the Chinese government. This paper presents an objective analysis of the Chinese market for watershed ecosystem services, including supply and demand for the services. It also summarizes Chinese policies on watershed eco-compensation, including relevant laws and regulations and fiscal policies. In addition, it presents a re-view of Chinese practices in watershed eco-compensation, in-cluding the analysis of an ecological construction project in West-ern China, inter-provincial watershed eco-compensation practices and plans, and payment for ecological services at the provincial and small watershed levels. Finally, it summarizes the key com-ponents of the process of payment in Chinese watershed eco-compensation. This discussion forms the basis of concluding suggestions for ecosystem services compensation and ecological protection in the large scale river basin.展开更多
In this research work, the author focuses on the analysis of the diffusion of bilateral tendencies in the common trade policy of the European Union （EU） during the global financial and economic crisis. Realistic poi...In this research work, the author focuses on the analysis of the diffusion of bilateral tendencies in the common trade policy of the European Union （EU） during the global financial and economic crisis. Realistic point is important trends in the trade regime during the economic crisis. The decisions taken by the representatives of the governments participating in the World Trade Organisation （WTO） are, to a significant degree, influenced by various lobbies, such as organisations and unions of food producers or other non-governmental organisations, including trade unions, The main objective of the research task is to give a comprehensive analysis of the international trade policy during the world financial and economic crisis 2008-2010. The particular mains concern the political economy models of foreign trade policy, protectionistic pressures in different political system, the level of protectionistic pressures, food producer pressures, international trade liberalization, and environmental protection bilateral tendencies in the common trade policy of the EU and the respond of the EU to the economic crisis, it must be emphasized that on a theoretical level, understanding the choice of trade policies between liberalizm and protectionisme is very important. Despite the undeniable benefits of the multilateral WTO forum for trade liberalisation, the rapid increase of North-South bilateral and multilateral Free Trade Areas （FTAs） begs a systematic explanation for why some forums are prioritized relative to others.展开更多
文摘Handicraft villages play an important role in promoting social and economic development in rural areas as well as Vietnam＇s economy. Nowadays, Vietnam＇s handicrafts have a foothold in the world market, and are exported over 163 countries and territories （Tuan, 2010）. However, the production activities of the handicraft village have a lot of shortcomings, especially the problem of environmental pollution （Chi, 2010）. Therefore, government policy plays a very important role to minimize environmental pollution villages, contributing to improving environmental quality and public health. This paper focuses on： 1）. Current status of state policy environment in handicraft villages shows the achievements and limitations of the policy, from which reviews state policy in environments in handicraft villages （through fieldwork in the handicraft villages）; and 2）. Solution to improve state policy on environmental protection in handicraft villages in Vietnam.
文摘Every bigger economic crisis, as the current one, to separate national economies as well. However, leaves behind a huge material damage to the world economy and such crises remind national authorities of the mistakes done in the past while creating and running macroeconomic policy and teach them how they should overcome these crises in the upcoming period. The economic growth model of the selected South Eastern European （SEE） economies （Albania, Bosnia, Macedonia, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bulgaria, and Montenegro） during pre-global economic crisis was based mainly on foreign demand and capital inflows which created big external imbalances in those countries. It was the main reason why those countries were exposed to big vulnerability of external shocks. But, the crisis reshapes the world economic map. Competition on world markets gets new forms and players. The lessons learnt from economic crisis say that there is a need for revising the pre-crisis economic growth model in the selected countries as they are less vulnerable to external shocks. New economic model will enable their long-lasting and more sustainable economic growth in the future. One approach of remodeling their economy is presented in this paper. The main finding of this research is that instead of experiencing external ＂push＂ factors for economic growth by the governments, a promotion of internal resources is needed in order to enable ＂the catching up＂ process of these countries to continue. But, all those countries are members or candidates for becoming European Union （EU） members. That means there is no room for application on entirely new economy growth model, since those countries have to create economic model which has to be convergent to the EU one. There must be different approaches by individual countries in remodeling their economies. The findings of this survey are intended to remind the policy makers of the selected SEE countries of the mistakes they made before and during the economic crisis and the need and directions for remodeling their economies in the post-crises period that will enable their long-lasting and more sustainable economic growth in the future. The position assumed for this research is interpretative using qualitative methods of research. In order to ensure comparability among results, the proposed methodological design will be multiple-case study research on the selected SEE economies.
文摘My principal objective in this paper is to examine what position liberal egalitarians should take regarding the issue of immigration. Given that liberal egalitarians grant central importance to individual autonomy and the moral equality of all persons, their rejection of restrictive immigration policies appears to follow from these central normative commitments. Liberal egalitarians such as Joseph Carens and Phillip Cole have argued that those who are committed to individual autonomy and moral equality should advocate for an open borders position in immigration. I argue that it is a serious mistake for liberal egalitarians to advocate open national borders and that borders should instead be strategically regulated to reduce global economic inequalities through immigration policies systematically integrated into development programs for the poorest and most vulnerable countries. Open borders would create an open market for immigration slots to choice countries of destination, which out of practical necessity would have to delimit the number of new immigrants. It is well known in migration studies that those who are more educated, young, and have more resources are more likely to migrate than the very young, the elderly, the infirm, and the poorest individuals. Those left behind in developing countries suffer serious negative consequences from the emigration of the most highly educated, capable, and talented individuals in their society. I then argue that liberal egalitarians should grant particular moral consideration to the world＇s poorest and most vulnerable and that immigration policies strategically designed to prioritize their needs are actually more consistent with the dual commitments of individual autonomy and moral equality than an open borders position. I propose three principles of global justice that are consistent with liberal egalitarianism that should guide transnational moral obligations. I end the paper by arguing that two of these principles can be used to justify restricted immigration policies that would enable developed countries to partially discharge some of their moral obligations to developing countries while enhancing the autonomy of the world＇s most vulnerable people.
基金This paper is supported by the National Socia Science Foundation of China （Grant No.06＆ZD038） Young Tech nological Innovation Foundation of CAEP （Grant No 2007001 ）.
文摘Watersheds provide a variety of ecological services including soil and water conservation, carbon sequestration and biodiversity protection. However, activities in a fast-growing economy significantly impact the supply and demand of these watershed services. To mitigate these impacts, the concept of payment for environmental and ecosystem services from water-sheds has emerged in global academic and policy circles. The governments and academic communities in China have increas-ingly described payments for ecological services from watersheds with the concept of watershed eco-compensation as it is urgent to protect watershed ecosystems. Watershed eco-compensation has proved to be one of the most economically effective means of solving environmental problems of watersheds to be adopted by the Chinese government. This paper presents an objective analysis of the Chinese market for watershed ecosystem services, including supply and demand for the services. It also summarizes Chinese policies on watershed eco-compensation, including relevant laws and regulations and fiscal policies. In addition, it presents a re-view of Chinese practices in watershed eco-compensation, in-cluding the analysis of an ecological construction project in West-ern China, inter-provincial watershed eco-compensation practices and plans, and payment for ecological services at the provincial and small watershed levels. Finally, it summarizes the key com-ponents of the process of payment in Chinese watershed eco-compensation. This discussion forms the basis of concluding suggestions for ecosystem services compensation and ecological protection in the large scale river basin.
文摘In this research work, the author focuses on the analysis of the diffusion of bilateral tendencies in the common trade policy of the European Union （EU） during the global financial and economic crisis. Realistic point is important trends in the trade regime during the economic crisis. The decisions taken by the representatives of the governments participating in the World Trade Organisation （WTO） are, to a significant degree, influenced by various lobbies, such as organisations and unions of food producers or other non-governmental organisations, including trade unions, The main objective of the research task is to give a comprehensive analysis of the international trade policy during the world financial and economic crisis 2008-2010. The particular mains concern the political economy models of foreign trade policy, protectionistic pressures in different political system, the level of protectionistic pressures, food producer pressures, international trade liberalization, and environmental protection bilateral tendencies in the common trade policy of the EU and the respond of the EU to the economic crisis, it must be emphasized that on a theoretical level, understanding the choice of trade policies between liberalizm and protectionisme is very important. Despite the undeniable benefits of the multilateral WTO forum for trade liberalisation, the rapid increase of North-South bilateral and multilateral Free Trade Areas （FTAs） begs a systematic explanation for why some forums are prioritized relative to others.
