中国同级地方政府间的政绩性竞争

同级地方政府间竞争是我国政治经济生活的一个重要方面。但已有的政府间竞争理论并没有注意到,中国同级地方政府间竞争具有两重性质,即政绩性和公共性。本文着重分析了政绩性竞争,认为隐藏弹性的选择集和攀比性博奕是导致同级地方政府间政绩性竞争过度的两个原因。

为政以善:对个性政绩的一种温和义务论考察

政绩是善政、善治的结果。政绩和政绩观就其存在的合理性而言是以职责、义务为根据的。从本质上说,应当在一种形式与质料的双重含义上思考政绩问题,即给予一种比较温和的考量。政绩是包容性的、有机增长性的,应当体现完整和公正。从某种意义上来看,它是社会运行的一个截面,因而其结构是十分复杂的。

我国同级地方政府竞争的性质与状态

处于科层结构中同一级别,且隶属同一个上级政府管辖的地方政府为同级地方政府。同级地方政府竞争对我国区域经济有十分重要的影响。同级地方政府在政治体系和区域经济体系中扮演的双重角色,决定了中国同级地方政府竞争同时具有政绩性和公共性双重性质,并以政绩性和公共性的强弱体现为依据,划分了我国同级地方政府竞争的三种竞争形态。

关注改善民生的深层次问题

改善民生必须注重解决深层次问题,对领导干部政绩观的导向、政策制度的普惠性、弱势群体的帮扶这三个牵动、影响甚至决定民生的深层次问题,应给予足够的关注。

Property Tax Performance of Local Authorities in Malaysia

Property tax income of local authorities has become more challenging due to robust developments. Property tax revenue is the main income for local authorities that are used to pay for services and maintenance in the local authority administrative areas. However, the amount of revenue collected is decreasing due to the serious problem of property tax arrears that affects the administrative system and as a corollary, the delivery of services by local authorities. The performance measurement of property tax is very important in order to manage the services, and for maintenance and development of sustainable local authorities. Therefore, this paper represents a review of the Malaysian local authority property tax collection performance. The rating system is applied to address the performance of property tax collection in Malaysia. The result revealed that most of the property tax collection in Malaysia performed under inadequate level. Property tax collection statistics for the research include the total revenue and property tax arrears for each local authority in Malaysia within five years from 2004 to 2007. It is expected that this property tax performance will be employed as a basis to pursue the appropriate, innovative, and creative approaches for local authorities in Malaysia.