The FAs （fulvic acids） belong to natural organic contaminants that are commonly found in different environments. In the process of oxidation and disinfection FAs are precursors of toxic substances, which cause a pro...The FAs （fulvic acids） belong to natural organic contaminants that are commonly found in different environments. In the process of oxidation and disinfection FAs are precursors of toxic substances, which cause a problem in many water treatment plants. In the sewage treatment plants, FAs are not biodegradable and together with purified wastewater and are discharged into surface waters. One of important source of the formation of FAs is the municipal landfill. In this thesis the authors test the amount of soluble fulvic acids present in the leachate of Barycz landfill in Krakow. The extracted FAs were subjected to a detailed analysis for the content of metals and IR spectrum analysis has also been done. Basing on elemental composition the C/O, C/H and C/N ratios have been determined. The obtained data were compared with the characteristics specified in the literature.展开更多
This work traces the historical development and impact of political Islam on international relations （IR） from the last century to date. In this article the author asserts that understanding the rise of political Is...This work traces the historical development and impact of political Islam on international relations （IR） from the last century to date. In this article the author asserts that understanding the rise of political Islam at the world＇s stage and IR generally can be genealogically traced to two interrelated developments： the rise of the Muslim Brotherhood （MB） in Egypt since 1928 as a social and political movement against the growing Western influence in the Islamic World after the collapse of the ottoman empire; and the development of the post-World War II IR theories, and practices which provided the basis of the political, military, and security doctrines of the United States and its allies which proved its lack of reliability and validity, particularly as related to the Muslim World, and the role of religion within the Muslim states and place of religion in global politics.展开更多
Control policies such as "odd-and-even license plate rule" were implemented by the Chinese government to restrict traffic and suspend factory production in Beijing and neighboring cities during the Asia-Paci...Control policies such as "odd-and-even license plate rule" were implemented by the Chinese government to restrict traffic and suspend factory production in Beijing and neighboring cities during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit. We use ozone monitoring instrument(OMI), mobile differential optical absorption spectroscopy(DOAS), and multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy(MAX-DOAS) to measure the variation of the spatial and temporal patterns of NO2 column densities from October 24, 2014 to November 22, 2014. It is found that the NO2 column densities during the episode of control policies are significantly lower than those during other periods, and the emission flux of NO2 calculated by mobile DOAS is also lower than the results from other periods. Some daily low NO2 column densities occur with the northwest wind direction. We then compare the relationship between OMI and mobile DOAS NO2 column density observations, and the results of mobile DOAS are approximately 2.7 times larger than the OMI values. The largest discrepancy occurs in the northern part of Beijing city. In other parts, the two instruments have a better correlation coefficient(R2) of 0.61. The low NO2 column densities that occur during the episode of control policies are affected by the control policies as well as meteorological conditions.展开更多
文摘The FAs （fulvic acids） belong to natural organic contaminants that are commonly found in different environments. In the process of oxidation and disinfection FAs are precursors of toxic substances, which cause a problem in many water treatment plants. In the sewage treatment plants, FAs are not biodegradable and together with purified wastewater and are discharged into surface waters. One of important source of the formation of FAs is the municipal landfill. In this thesis the authors test the amount of soluble fulvic acids present in the leachate of Barycz landfill in Krakow. The extracted FAs were subjected to a detailed analysis for the content of metals and IR spectrum analysis has also been done. Basing on elemental composition the C/O, C/H and C/N ratios have been determined. The obtained data were compared with the characteristics specified in the literature.
文摘This work traces the historical development and impact of political Islam on international relations （IR） from the last century to date. In this article the author asserts that understanding the rise of political Islam at the world＇s stage and IR generally can be genealogically traced to two interrelated developments： the rise of the Muslim Brotherhood （MB） in Egypt since 1928 as a social and political movement against the growing Western influence in the Islamic World after the collapse of the ottoman empire; and the development of the post-World War II IR theories, and practices which provided the basis of the political, military, and security doctrines of the United States and its allies which proved its lack of reliability and validity, particularly as related to the Muslim World, and the role of religion within the Muslim states and place of religion in global politics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41275038)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KJZD-EW-TZ-G06)+2 种基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2014AA06A508,2014AA06A511)the Scientific and Technological Project of Anhui Province(1301022083)the Special Project of Environmental Nonprofit Industry Research,China(201409006)
文摘Control policies such as "odd-and-even license plate rule" were implemented by the Chinese government to restrict traffic and suspend factory production in Beijing and neighboring cities during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit. We use ozone monitoring instrument(OMI), mobile differential optical absorption spectroscopy(DOAS), and multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy(MAX-DOAS) to measure the variation of the spatial and temporal patterns of NO2 column densities from October 24, 2014 to November 22, 2014. It is found that the NO2 column densities during the episode of control policies are significantly lower than those during other periods, and the emission flux of NO2 calculated by mobile DOAS is also lower than the results from other periods. Some daily low NO2 column densities occur with the northwest wind direction. We then compare the relationship between OMI and mobile DOAS NO2 column density observations, and the results of mobile DOAS are approximately 2.7 times larger than the OMI values. The largest discrepancy occurs in the northern part of Beijing city. In other parts, the two instruments have a better correlation coefficient(R2) of 0.61. The low NO2 column densities that occur during the episode of control policies are affected by the control policies as well as meteorological conditions.
