Cascading failures are common phenomena in many of real-world networks,such as power grids,Internet,transportation networks and social networks.It's worth noting that once one or a few users on a social network ar...Cascading failures are common phenomena in many of real-world networks,such as power grids,Internet,transportation networks and social networks.It's worth noting that once one or a few users on a social network are unavailable for some reasons,they are more likely to influence a large portion of social network.Therefore,an effective mitigation strategy is very critical for avoiding or reducing the impact of cascading failures.In this paper,we firstly quantify the user loads and construct the processes of cascading dynamics,then elaborate the more reasonable mechanism of sharing the extra user loads with considering the features of social networks,and further propose a novel mitigation strategy on social networks against cascading failures.Based on the realworld social network datasets,we evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the novel mitigation strategy.The experimental results show that this mitigation strategy can reduce the impact of cascading failures effectively and maintain the network connectivity better with lower cost.These findings are very useful for rationally advertising and may be helpful for avoiding various disasters of cascading failures on many real-world networks.展开更多
Katherine Mansfield is a world famous woman master of short stories in English literature. Her stories are sensitive revelations of human behaiour in quite ordinary situations, through which we can glimpse a powerful ...Katherine Mansfield is a world famous woman master of short stories in English literature. Her stories are sensitive revelations of human behaiour in quite ordinary situations, through which we can glimpse a powerful and sometimes cruelly pessimistic view of life. Miss Brill is one of her short stories published in her collection of stories entitled The Garden Party and Other Stories （2007）, describing an afternoon in the life of a middle-aged spinster who visits the public park on a weekly basis, leading to her reassessment of her view of the world and the secular reality. Short as it is, it is really worth carful analysis and appreciation. This paper will mainly deal with the theme--alienation that the story conveys in two aspects： some obvious alienate elments in Miss Brill, in which some background information is provided; some less obvious alienation in Miss Brill, in which a detailed analysis is made into the story to reveal its alienation.展开更多
In April 2009, a new strain of influenza subtype H 1N 1 emerged due to the rearrangement of two RNA segments. The strain incorporated two segments of the genome of porcine origin and was officially designated as A/Cal...In April 2009, a new strain of influenza subtype H 1N 1 emerged due to the rearrangement of two RNA segments. The strain incorporated two segments of the genome of porcine origin and was officially designated as A/CaliforniaJ4/2009/H1N1. In June 2009, alarmed by the infection＇s progress, the World Health Organization （WHO） declared the ＂level six＂ of the geographical progression scale for epidemics and kept it at that level until August of the following year. The Portuguese media activated the public health alarm and integrated it into its agenda, but the volume and severity indicators of the news coverage did not correspond to the epidemiological indicators of progression. This paper describes how two narratives with different rhythms for the swine flu pandemic de facto emerged.展开更多
This paper, as a part of a larger research project entitled Amazon. Realities in the Novels and the Imaginary Reports of Travelers, focuses on the following objectives： （1） the ＂referentiality＂ of the text to the...This paper, as a part of a larger research project entitled Amazon. Realities in the Novels and the Imaginary Reports of Travelers, focuses on the following objectives： （1） the ＂referentiality＂ of the text to the external world （goal, empirical stuff）; and （2） understanding fictionality in terms of＂make-believe＂ and the principle of＂internal coherence＂. The main section sets out the theoretical foundation of the relation between facts/events and fiction, both as pragmatic and fictional texts. Then, the paper investigates in which forms and ways existing facts, data, occurrences, events and narratives in various kinds of texts constitute a representation and interpretation of the world. The central focus of the study is on the Amazon region. The study is an experiment in joining together different types of texts around the notion of＂referentiality＂; emphasizing reference to the external world （factuality）, the reading of the component elements of a language and a discourse （narratology）, historical reading against the horizon of expectation （reception theory） and the interpretation of the retrospective.展开更多
The Tianjin fault includes South Tianjin fault and North Tianjin fault. Based on the results of artificial seismic exploration,four borehole profiles were laid out respectively west of Jinghai county town,Chaomidian v...The Tianjin fault includes South Tianjin fault and North Tianjin fault. Based on the results of artificial seismic exploration,four borehole profiles were laid out respectively west of Jinghai county town,Chaomidian village of Xiqing district,Xiaonanhe village of Xiqing district and Zhutoudian village of Ninghe county,to implement the exploration of these faults. Through identification of microfossils,the locations of marine beds in boreholes were obtained in this work,and through stratigraphic dating,the ages of the first,second and third marine beds were determined. Through strata correlation with the marine beds as key marker beds and integrating with the test results of paleo geomagnetism of boreholes BZ2 and TN3,the activity in the North and South Tianjin faults was analyzed and studied. The results indicate that there is no evidence of movement of the South Tianjin fault since the Late Pleistocene,but may have had weak activity before the Middle Pleistocene. No evidence of activity in the North Tianjin fault was found since the Late Pleistocene either,but might have been active in the early stage of the Early Pleistocene. These show that the activity of the South Tianjin fault is stronger than that of the North Tianjin fault. At the same time,we find that the second,third and fourth marine beds are lacking to some extent in different areas. So,before they are used in strata correlation, the age of marine beds must be determined,otherwise the results of strata correlation may lead to errors. For the second marine bed,where there has been dispute about its age,we consider the age to be about 70ka.展开更多
Tourists’ authentic perceptions are crucial for the development of world heritage resources. The paper focuses on exploring the relationships between tourists’ authentic perceptions and authenticity-based tourism de...Tourists’ authentic perceptions are crucial for the development of world heritage resources. The paper focuses on exploring the relationships between tourists’ authentic perceptions and authenticity-based tourism development of world heritage. Through the empirical study on the Forbidden City in Beijing, we find that the relationships between the above two factors can be simulated by the model of set theory in algebra. As a result, five types of set relationships are proposed： “separation relation”, “intersection relation”, “inclusion relation I”,“inclusion relation II” and “superposition relation”. According to sample distribution rules, the set relationships can be further divided into primary set relationships and secondary set relationships. The study on set relationships based on demographic characteristic of tourists by using two-way analysis of variance method shows that the tourists in different groups of gender, ages, levels of education, visit frequencies and levels of early perspectives have different perceptions for the set relationships. The ifndings in this paper are helpful for identifying effects of the authenticity-based exploitation of world heritage resources and proposing future strategies for world heritage resources from tourists’ authentic perspectives.展开更多
Operation Valkyrie, a significant event in the Second World War that almost changed the course of world history, is delineated in the best-seller Secret Germany, which was introduced into China in 2011. In this book, ...Operation Valkyrie, a significant event in the Second World War that almost changed the course of world history, is delineated in the best-seller Secret Germany, which was introduced into China in 2011. In this book, much ink has been spilled over the cause and effects of the attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler, but the title of the book seems out of place, considering that nowhere in the book has the author touched upon the connection, internal or external, between Secret Germany and Operation Valkyrie. Drawing on historical documents, this paper intends to dig into the spiritual inheritance passed down from Secret Germany and its founder, Stefan George, to Stauffen berg, the main operator of Operation Valkyrie, to examine the true motive behind Stauffenberg＇s self-sacrifice for the salvation of Germany and to reveal the historical significance and value of Secret Germany, which shook the soul of 20th century German intelligentsia.展开更多
Purpose： Traffic injuries are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Pedestrians have been considered as a high-risk group among road users, especially in middle- or low-income communities. Th...Purpose： Traffic injuries are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Pedestrians have been considered as a high-risk group among road users, especially in middle- or low-income communities. This study attempted to determine the burden of pedestrians＇ fatalities in Fars, the southern province of Iran using years of life lost （YLL） approach. Methods： The data used in this study were retrieved from Fars Forensic Medicine Organization database on pedestrian traffic accidents. The YLL from 2009 to 2013 was estimated using the method presented by World Health organization. Some epidemiological characteristics of pedestrians＇ fatalities were analyzed by SPSS. Results： Although YLL among 1000 male pedestrians decreased from 2.5 in 2009 to 1.5 in 2013, it increased from 0.9 to 2.1 among 1000 females during the same period. Higher proportion of death was found in female, illiterate, and married pedestrians {p 〈 0.001 ）. In addition, mortality was higher in pedestrians living the cities, during daytime, at home, and in hospitals （p 〈 0.001 ）. Conclusion： Consistent with the global trends, burden of pedestrian accidents in Fats was also excep- tionally high. Considering the national and cultural aspects of different countries, improving the safety of pedestrians demands a multi-dimensional approach with interventional factors concerning policies, rules, pedestrians, motor vehicles and environmental conditions taken into consideration.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China under Grant No.2012BAH46B04
文摘Cascading failures are common phenomena in many of real-world networks,such as power grids,Internet,transportation networks and social networks.It's worth noting that once one or a few users on a social network are unavailable for some reasons,they are more likely to influence a large portion of social network.Therefore,an effective mitigation strategy is very critical for avoiding or reducing the impact of cascading failures.In this paper,we firstly quantify the user loads and construct the processes of cascading dynamics,then elaborate the more reasonable mechanism of sharing the extra user loads with considering the features of social networks,and further propose a novel mitigation strategy on social networks against cascading failures.Based on the realworld social network datasets,we evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the novel mitigation strategy.The experimental results show that this mitigation strategy can reduce the impact of cascading failures effectively and maintain the network connectivity better with lower cost.These findings are very useful for rationally advertising and may be helpful for avoiding various disasters of cascading failures on many real-world networks.
文摘Katherine Mansfield is a world famous woman master of short stories in English literature. Her stories are sensitive revelations of human behaiour in quite ordinary situations, through which we can glimpse a powerful and sometimes cruelly pessimistic view of life. Miss Brill is one of her short stories published in her collection of stories entitled The Garden Party and Other Stories （2007）, describing an afternoon in the life of a middle-aged spinster who visits the public park on a weekly basis, leading to her reassessment of her view of the world and the secular reality. Short as it is, it is really worth carful analysis and appreciation. This paper will mainly deal with the theme--alienation that the story conveys in two aspects： some obvious alienate elments in Miss Brill, in which some background information is provided; some less obvious alienation in Miss Brill, in which a detailed analysis is made into the story to reveal its alienation.
文摘In April 2009, a new strain of influenza subtype H 1N 1 emerged due to the rearrangement of two RNA segments. The strain incorporated two segments of the genome of porcine origin and was officially designated as A/CaliforniaJ4/2009/H1N1. In June 2009, alarmed by the infection＇s progress, the World Health Organization （WHO） declared the ＂level six＂ of the geographical progression scale for epidemics and kept it at that level until August of the following year. The Portuguese media activated the public health alarm and integrated it into its agenda, but the volume and severity indicators of the news coverage did not correspond to the epidemiological indicators of progression. This paper describes how two narratives with different rhythms for the swine flu pandemic de facto emerged.
文摘This paper, as a part of a larger research project entitled Amazon. Realities in the Novels and the Imaginary Reports of Travelers, focuses on the following objectives： （1） the ＂referentiality＂ of the text to the external world （goal, empirical stuff）; and （2） understanding fictionality in terms of＂make-believe＂ and the principle of＂internal coherence＂. The main section sets out the theoretical foundation of the relation between facts/events and fiction, both as pragmatic and fictional texts. Then, the paper investigates in which forms and ways existing facts, data, occurrences, events and narratives in various kinds of texts constitute a representation and interpretation of the world. The central focus of the study is on the Amazon region. The study is an experiment in joining together different types of texts around the notion of＂referentiality＂; emphasizing reference to the external world （factuality）, the reading of the component elements of a language and a discourse （narratology）, historical reading against the horizon of expectation （reception theory） and the interpretation of the retrospective.
基金funded by National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC)the People's Republic of China as the project"Experimental Exploration of Active Faults in Urban Area"(Grant No 20041138)
文摘The Tianjin fault includes South Tianjin fault and North Tianjin fault. Based on the results of artificial seismic exploration,four borehole profiles were laid out respectively west of Jinghai county town,Chaomidian village of Xiqing district,Xiaonanhe village of Xiqing district and Zhutoudian village of Ninghe county,to implement the exploration of these faults. Through identification of microfossils,the locations of marine beds in boreholes were obtained in this work,and through stratigraphic dating,the ages of the first,second and third marine beds were determined. Through strata correlation with the marine beds as key marker beds and integrating with the test results of paleo geomagnetism of boreholes BZ2 and TN3,the activity in the North and South Tianjin faults was analyzed and studied. The results indicate that there is no evidence of movement of the South Tianjin fault since the Late Pleistocene,but may have had weak activity before the Middle Pleistocene. No evidence of activity in the North Tianjin fault was found since the Late Pleistocene either,but might have been active in the early stage of the Early Pleistocene. These show that the activity of the South Tianjin fault is stronger than that of the North Tianjin fault. At the same time,we find that the second,third and fourth marine beds are lacking to some extent in different areas. So,before they are used in strata correlation, the age of marine beds must be determined,otherwise the results of strata correlation may lead to errors. For the second marine bed,where there has been dispute about its age,we consider the age to be about 70ka.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41371008)
文摘Tourists’ authentic perceptions are crucial for the development of world heritage resources. The paper focuses on exploring the relationships between tourists’ authentic perceptions and authenticity-based tourism development of world heritage. Through the empirical study on the Forbidden City in Beijing, we find that the relationships between the above two factors can be simulated by the model of set theory in algebra. As a result, five types of set relationships are proposed： “separation relation”, “intersection relation”, “inclusion relation I”,“inclusion relation II” and “superposition relation”. According to sample distribution rules, the set relationships can be further divided into primary set relationships and secondary set relationships. The study on set relationships based on demographic characteristic of tourists by using two-way analysis of variance method shows that the tourists in different groups of gender, ages, levels of education, visit frequencies and levels of early perspectives have different perceptions for the set relationships. The ifndings in this paper are helpful for identifying effects of the authenticity-based exploitation of world heritage resources and proposing future strategies for world heritage resources from tourists’ authentic perspectives.
文摘Operation Valkyrie, a significant event in the Second World War that almost changed the course of world history, is delineated in the best-seller Secret Germany, which was introduced into China in 2011. In this book, much ink has been spilled over the cause and effects of the attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler, but the title of the book seems out of place, considering that nowhere in the book has the author touched upon the connection, internal or external, between Secret Germany and Operation Valkyrie. Drawing on historical documents, this paper intends to dig into the spiritual inheritance passed down from Secret Germany and its founder, Stefan George, to Stauffen berg, the main operator of Operation Valkyrie, to examine the true motive behind Stauffenberg＇s self-sacrifice for the salvation of Germany and to reveal the historical significance and value of Secret Germany, which shook the soul of 20th century German intelligentsia.
文摘Purpose： Traffic injuries are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Pedestrians have been considered as a high-risk group among road users, especially in middle- or low-income communities. This study attempted to determine the burden of pedestrians＇ fatalities in Fars, the southern province of Iran using years of life lost （YLL） approach. Methods： The data used in this study were retrieved from Fars Forensic Medicine Organization database on pedestrian traffic accidents. The YLL from 2009 to 2013 was estimated using the method presented by World Health organization. Some epidemiological characteristics of pedestrians＇ fatalities were analyzed by SPSS. Results： Although YLL among 1000 male pedestrians decreased from 2.5 in 2009 to 1.5 in 2013, it increased from 0.9 to 2.1 among 1000 females during the same period. Higher proportion of death was found in female, illiterate, and married pedestrians {p 〈 0.001 ）. In addition, mortality was higher in pedestrians living the cities, during daytime, at home, and in hospitals （p 〈 0.001 ）. Conclusion： Consistent with the global trends, burden of pedestrian accidents in Fats was also excep- tionally high. Considering the national and cultural aspects of different countries, improving the safety of pedestrians demands a multi-dimensional approach with interventional factors concerning policies, rules, pedestrians, motor vehicles and environmental conditions taken into consideration.
