Mine accidents and injuries are complex and generally characterized by several factors starting from personal to technical, and technical to social characteristics.In this study, an attempt has been made to identify t...Mine accidents and injuries are complex and generally characterized by several factors starting from personal to technical, and technical to social characteristics.In this study, an attempt has been made to identify the various factors responsible for work related injuries in mines and to estimate the risk of work injury to mine workers.The prediction of work injury in mines was done by a step-by-step multivariate logistic regression modeling with an application to case study mines in India.In total, 18 variables were considered in this study.Most of the variables are not directly quantifiable.Instruments were developed to quantify them through a questionnaire type survey.Underground mine workers were randomly selected for the survey.Responses from 300 participants were used for the analysis.Four variables, age, negative affectivity, job dissatisfaction, and physical hazards, bear significant discriminating power for risk of injury to the workers, comparing between cases and controls in a multivariate situation while controlling all the personal and socio-technical variables.The analysis reveals that negatively affected workers are 2.54 times more prone to injuries than the less negatively affected workers and this factor is a more important risk factor for the case-study mines.Long term planning through identification of the negative individuals, proper counseling regarding the adverse effects of negative behaviors and special training is urgently required.Care should be taken for the aged and experienced workers in terms of their job responsibility and training requirements.Management should provide a friendly atmosphere during work to increase the confidence of the injury prone miners.展开更多
Vail, a ski area in Colorado established in 1962, has undergone many changes since its inception. How to explain the growth of an ever expanding urban corridor （“Vail Valley”） in the Colorado High Country, with co...Vail, a ski area in Colorado established in 1962, has undergone many changes since its inception. How to explain the growth of an ever expanding urban corridor （“Vail Valley”） in the Colorado High Country, with considerable implications for the social and built-up environment and the surrounding wilderness？ It is argued here that Steinbeck’s writings – as laid out, for instance, in Cannery Row - could offer a strategy to reconstruct the events and developments that transformed the Vail ski resort destination over the past decades. Eight chapters lay out major themes of the Vail Story, from “Vail before Vail” to “Vail after Vail.” Quotations from Steinbeck’s novels and from other writers in the analysis of his works introduce a given theme. The discussion of the beginnings of the ski area and the town, the staging of Vail mega sports events like three world alpine ski championships and the changing directions and policies of the ski corporation result in a narrative closely aligned with the style of Steinbeck’s realistic prose.展开更多
The origin of Mongolian version of Alexander Romance has long been a confused issue. Nicholas Poppe, Francis Cleaves, and T. Namjil wrote articles about this, and assumed the Mongolian version of Alexander Romance was...The origin of Mongolian version of Alexander Romance has long been a confused issue. Nicholas Poppe, Francis Cleaves, and T. Namjil wrote articles about this, and assumed the Mongolian version of Alexander Romance was translated from Central Asian countries, more likely, Persian or Arabic, did not come up with determinate conclusion, though. In this paper, the authors aim at： （1） comparing the Mongolian version of Alexander Romance with the folktales about Alexander the Great in Persian language, which two are supposed to be the nearest; （2） analyzing the story structure （quest for immortality-denying the desire; belief of living forever-the truth of one must die）; and （3） explaining the background of Mongolian version of Alexander Romance, and as a result, arguing that the Mongolian version of Alexander Romance might not be a translated work; instead, it was edited and recreated in Buddhist thinking using the prevailing motif of Alexander＇s quest for immortality.展开更多
The common properties of risk in long tunnel fires are high temperature, extreme difficulty of evacuation, rescue urgency and obstacle to rescue operation. Therefore, a complete ventilation design is an indispensable ...The common properties of risk in long tunnel fires are high temperature, extreme difficulty of evacuation, rescue urgency and obstacle to rescue operation. Therefore, a complete ventilation design is an indispensable safety measure. Hsueh-Shan Tunnel is the longest in Taiwan, the fifth longest in the world. On May 7, 2012, a serious tunnel fire caused two deaths and numerous victims suffered from smoke inhalation injury. Apart from this, there was smoking entering the cross-passages and shafts which were important for evacuation. In this research, the current ventilation system in Hsueh-Shan Tunnel was simulated with FDS （fire dynamics simulator） software, and the statistics of smoke, visibility and temperature profile were analyzed. The results of this research showed that, with the current ventilation system, the time was shorter and the distance was longer for the smoke spreading windward than in other models. Furthermore, the visibility of windward victims was more affected and the temperature above the fire source was higher than those in other systems. When the wind speed in tunnel is within 2.0-4.0 m/s, the condition for turning off the ventilation fan within 250 m upwind from the fire source can be prominently reduced to 50 m upwind from the fire source. This not only could avoid plume disturbance but also could be maintained. If victims＇ evacuation should be given the highest priority, it is recommended to straightly activate the maximum power of the fan.展开更多
文摘Mine accidents and injuries are complex and generally characterized by several factors starting from personal to technical, and technical to social characteristics.In this study, an attempt has been made to identify the various factors responsible for work related injuries in mines and to estimate the risk of work injury to mine workers.The prediction of work injury in mines was done by a step-by-step multivariate logistic regression modeling with an application to case study mines in India.In total, 18 variables were considered in this study.Most of the variables are not directly quantifiable.Instruments were developed to quantify them through a questionnaire type survey.Underground mine workers were randomly selected for the survey.Responses from 300 participants were used for the analysis.Four variables, age, negative affectivity, job dissatisfaction, and physical hazards, bear significant discriminating power for risk of injury to the workers, comparing between cases and controls in a multivariate situation while controlling all the personal and socio-technical variables.The analysis reveals that negatively affected workers are 2.54 times more prone to injuries than the less negatively affected workers and this factor is a more important risk factor for the case-study mines.Long term planning through identification of the negative individuals, proper counseling regarding the adverse effects of negative behaviors and special training is urgently required.Care should be taken for the aged and experienced workers in terms of their job responsibility and training requirements.Management should provide a friendly atmosphere during work to increase the confidence of the injury prone miners.
文摘Vail, a ski area in Colorado established in 1962, has undergone many changes since its inception. How to explain the growth of an ever expanding urban corridor （“Vail Valley”） in the Colorado High Country, with considerable implications for the social and built-up environment and the surrounding wilderness？ It is argued here that Steinbeck’s writings – as laid out, for instance, in Cannery Row - could offer a strategy to reconstruct the events and developments that transformed the Vail ski resort destination over the past decades. Eight chapters lay out major themes of the Vail Story, from “Vail before Vail” to “Vail after Vail.” Quotations from Steinbeck’s novels and from other writers in the analysis of his works introduce a given theme. The discussion of the beginnings of the ski area and the town, the staging of Vail mega sports events like three world alpine ski championships and the changing directions and policies of the ski corporation result in a narrative closely aligned with the style of Steinbeck’s realistic prose.
基金The research is supported by Chinese Fund for the Humanities and Social Sciences （12CZW087）, and the research work is part of ＂The Cultural Context of Mongolian Sulqarnai-in Tuuji＂ Project （12CZW087） supported by National Social Science Foundation of China.
文摘The origin of Mongolian version of Alexander Romance has long been a confused issue. Nicholas Poppe, Francis Cleaves, and T. Namjil wrote articles about this, and assumed the Mongolian version of Alexander Romance was translated from Central Asian countries, more likely, Persian or Arabic, did not come up with determinate conclusion, though. In this paper, the authors aim at： （1） comparing the Mongolian version of Alexander Romance with the folktales about Alexander the Great in Persian language, which two are supposed to be the nearest; （2） analyzing the story structure （quest for immortality-denying the desire; belief of living forever-the truth of one must die）; and （3） explaining the background of Mongolian version of Alexander Romance, and as a result, arguing that the Mongolian version of Alexander Romance might not be a translated work; instead, it was edited and recreated in Buddhist thinking using the prevailing motif of Alexander＇s quest for immortality.
文摘The common properties of risk in long tunnel fires are high temperature, extreme difficulty of evacuation, rescue urgency and obstacle to rescue operation. Therefore, a complete ventilation design is an indispensable safety measure. Hsueh-Shan Tunnel is the longest in Taiwan, the fifth longest in the world. On May 7, 2012, a serious tunnel fire caused two deaths and numerous victims suffered from smoke inhalation injury. Apart from this, there was smoking entering the cross-passages and shafts which were important for evacuation. In this research, the current ventilation system in Hsueh-Shan Tunnel was simulated with FDS （fire dynamics simulator） software, and the statistics of smoke, visibility and temperature profile were analyzed. The results of this research showed that, with the current ventilation system, the time was shorter and the distance was longer for the smoke spreading windward than in other models. Furthermore, the visibility of windward victims was more affected and the temperature above the fire source was higher than those in other systems. When the wind speed in tunnel is within 2.0-4.0 m/s, the condition for turning off the ventilation fan within 250 m upwind from the fire source can be prominently reduced to 50 m upwind from the fire source. This not only could avoid plume disturbance but also could be maintained. If victims＇ evacuation should be given the highest priority, it is recommended to straightly activate the maximum power of the fan.
