Based on the transmitting theory of "smoke ring effect", the transient electromagnetism technique was used in coal mines to detect abnormal areas of aquiferous structures in both roofs and floors of coal sea...Based on the transmitting theory of "smoke ring effect", the transient electromagnetism technique was used in coal mines to detect abnormal areas of aquiferous structures in both roofs and floors of coal seams and in front of excavated roadways. Survey devices, working methods and techniques as well as data processing and interpretation are discussed systematically. In addition, the direction of mini-wireframe emission electromagnetic wave of the full space transient electromagnetism technique was verified by an underground borehole for water detection and drainage. The result indicates that this technique can detect both horizontal and vertical development rules of abnormal water bodies to a certain depth below the floor of coal seams and can also detect the abnormal, low resistance water bodies within a certain distance of roofs. Furthermore, it can detect such abnormal bodies in ahead of the excavated roadway front. Limited by the underground environment, the full space transient electromagnetism technique can detect to a depth of only 120 m or so.展开更多
Cribwork Song is a long narrative folk song,which spread in the folk of Kangxian County,Longnan City,Gansu Province of China.This paper has analyzed historical background,humanistic environment,story plot,artistic cha...Cribwork Song is a long narrative folk song,which spread in the folk of Kangxian County,Longnan City,Gansu Province of China.This paper has analyzed historical background,humanistic environment,story plot,artistic characteristic and inheritance significance of Cribwork Song.展开更多
This paper attempts to relate serendipity, the natural ability to make interesting or valuable discoveries by accident （Longman Discovery of Contemporary English） with notable discoveries and inventions. It connotes...This paper attempts to relate serendipity, the natural ability to make interesting or valuable discoveries by accident （Longman Discovery of Contemporary English） with notable discoveries and inventions. It connotes the profound ability of finding out valuable things different from those who have been exploring by spending a lot of time or for years. The author will illustrate as many cases as possible within a given time constraint, so that surrounding environments and situations may be clarified, and such discoveries and inventions may be plausibly accomplished by accident or with rich reasons. These illustrations include historical as well as more recent cases. One of the cases is beyond the scope of our environment on the earth with preconceived notion, while other cases have given great impacts to our politics and also military intelligence. It should be noted that business and technological intelligence are deeply connected with discoveries, inventions and serendipity. In concluding remarks, the essence of serendipity will be summarized and how to side with the serendipity at the most important moment will be examined by viewing time series endeavors of the inventors and those who have devoted much time to discoveries.展开更多
Starting from the fact that water is quite arguably the source of life, the authors agreed to set up a project on water and name it： ＂REFLECTION＂. Particular focus was placed on the following issues： water in natu...Starting from the fact that water is quite arguably the source of life, the authors agreed to set up a project on water and name it： ＂REFLECTION＂. Particular focus was placed on the following issues： water in nature, importance of water in human life, physical and chemical properties of water, protection of water in nature. The aim of the project was to make students aware of the importance of water for health as well as to help them develop a rational relationship towards drinking water. In order to find answers to the issues raised, the authors designed worksheets, PowerPoint presentations, educational games （ecological postcards, dominoes, memory games, etc.）. The authors even tried our hand at making a comic strip. Students learned about the influence of water on health, as well as about water content in particular foods. The long-term goal of the project is to introduce children to scientific approach and methodology. Through active participation and dialogue, students discover cooperative learning and acquire skills that will be beneficial to them as well as to the wider community. Working on the project, students＇ evidence that the role of an individual is a key one in building a better world. This insight helps develop their civic skills and attitudes that serve as the starting point for environmental education. The authors made numerous adaptations and implemented individual approach with the goal of training students for independent work and life according to their personal abilities in line with the principles of inclusive education. Students conduct experiments following step-by-step instructions on specially adapted worksheets. Each student gets positive feedback and experiences the joy of success that leads to the development of self-confidence and love of work and learning.展开更多
Objective: To make an epidemiological analysis of the effect of environment on extremely severe road traffic crashes (RTCs). Methods: Epidemiologic data of extremely severe RTCs associated with environmental factors, ...Objective: To make an epidemiological analysis of the effect of environment on extremely severe road traffic crashes (RTCs). Methods: Epidemiologic data of extremely severe RTCs associated with environmental factors, including weather, topography, road conditions and other traffic conditions in China's Mainland during 2000-2001, were collected and analyzed. Results: (1) During 2000-2001, there were (3 365) extremely severe RTCs with (13 666) deaths, (12 204) injuries and a direct economical loss of 136 million RMB. (2) Most extremely severe RTCs occurred in fine weather days and in the daytime. The high occurrence sites were plain areas, horizontal and straight roads, Grade B and C roads, ordinary road segment, and asphalt, smooth and mixed roads. (3) Compared with other RTCs, extremely severe RTCs were more likely to happen under following conditions: on cloudy, snowing, misty and blustering days; in hill and mountainous areas; on crooked and sloping roads; on freeway, Grade A, B, and C roads; mixed roads; ordinary, bridge, narrow and transitional roads; sand and dirt-roads; without traffic control measures; night without lighting. (4) Extremely severe RTCs of mountainous area or crooked and sloping roads were most severe in terms of deaths and injures per crash. Conclusions: Extremely severe RTCs are closely related with environmental factors. Rational road programming, enhancing road establishment and improving road conditions are probably effective measures to reduce the road traffic injuries.展开更多
A large amount of radioactivity was released into the environment after the Fukushima nuclear accident （FNA） in Japan in 2011. This radioactivity had a significant impact on the global environment, and there was muc...A large amount of radioactivity was released into the environment after the Fukushima nuclear accident （FNA） in Japan in 2011. This radioactivity had a significant impact on the global environment, and there was much public concern about its effects. The subsequent assessment of the FNA and the environmental remediation required are proving to be long and complicated tasks. The assessments are based on the radioactive source terms for the FNA, which determine the level of damage caused by the nuclear accident. We investigated the radioactive source terms from three aspects： the amount and composition of the radionuclides; the activity and atomic ratio of the radionuclides; and comparison with other historical events. The total amount of radioactivity, excluding the radioactive noble gases （85Kr and 133Xe）, released by the FNA was about 10% of that released by the Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986 and 〈1%o of the global fallout from the atmosphere nuclear explosion. However, the FNA was the most serious nuclear accident in terms of radioactive pollution of the marine environment. The recovery actions carried out after the FNA have been evaluated and the environmental impacts of the FNA are discussed.展开更多
文摘Based on the transmitting theory of "smoke ring effect", the transient electromagnetism technique was used in coal mines to detect abnormal areas of aquiferous structures in both roofs and floors of coal seams and in front of excavated roadways. Survey devices, working methods and techniques as well as data processing and interpretation are discussed systematically. In addition, the direction of mini-wireframe emission electromagnetic wave of the full space transient electromagnetism technique was verified by an underground borehole for water detection and drainage. The result indicates that this technique can detect both horizontal and vertical development rules of abnormal water bodies to a certain depth below the floor of coal seams and can also detect the abnormal, low resistance water bodies within a certain distance of roofs. Furthermore, it can detect such abnormal bodies in ahead of the excavated roadway front. Limited by the underground environment, the full space transient electromagnetism technique can detect to a depth of only 120 m or so.
文摘Cribwork Song is a long narrative folk song,which spread in the folk of Kangxian County,Longnan City,Gansu Province of China.This paper has analyzed historical background,humanistic environment,story plot,artistic characteristic and inheritance significance of Cribwork Song.
文摘This paper attempts to relate serendipity, the natural ability to make interesting or valuable discoveries by accident （Longman Discovery of Contemporary English） with notable discoveries and inventions. It connotes the profound ability of finding out valuable things different from those who have been exploring by spending a lot of time or for years. The author will illustrate as many cases as possible within a given time constraint, so that surrounding environments and situations may be clarified, and such discoveries and inventions may be plausibly accomplished by accident or with rich reasons. These illustrations include historical as well as more recent cases. One of the cases is beyond the scope of our environment on the earth with preconceived notion, while other cases have given great impacts to our politics and also military intelligence. It should be noted that business and technological intelligence are deeply connected with discoveries, inventions and serendipity. In concluding remarks, the essence of serendipity will be summarized and how to side with the serendipity at the most important moment will be examined by viewing time series endeavors of the inventors and those who have devoted much time to discoveries.
文摘Starting from the fact that water is quite arguably the source of life, the authors agreed to set up a project on water and name it： ＂REFLECTION＂. Particular focus was placed on the following issues： water in nature, importance of water in human life, physical and chemical properties of water, protection of water in nature. The aim of the project was to make students aware of the importance of water for health as well as to help them develop a rational relationship towards drinking water. In order to find answers to the issues raised, the authors designed worksheets, PowerPoint presentations, educational games （ecological postcards, dominoes, memory games, etc.）. The authors even tried our hand at making a comic strip. Students learned about the influence of water on health, as well as about water content in particular foods. The long-term goal of the project is to introduce children to scientific approach and methodology. Through active participation and dialogue, students discover cooperative learning and acquire skills that will be beneficial to them as well as to the wider community. Working on the project, students＇ evidence that the role of an individual is a key one in building a better world. This insight helps develop their civic skills and attitudes that serve as the starting point for environmental education. The authors made numerous adaptations and implemented individual approach with the goal of training students for independent work and life according to their personal abilities in line with the principles of inclusive education. Students conduct experiments following step-by-step instructions on specially adapted worksheets. Each student gets positive feedback and experiences the joy of success that leads to the development of self-confidence and love of work and learning.
文摘Objective: To make an epidemiological analysis of the effect of environment on extremely severe road traffic crashes (RTCs). Methods: Epidemiologic data of extremely severe RTCs associated with environmental factors, including weather, topography, road conditions and other traffic conditions in China's Mainland during 2000-2001, were collected and analyzed. Results: (1) During 2000-2001, there were (3 365) extremely severe RTCs with (13 666) deaths, (12 204) injuries and a direct economical loss of 136 million RMB. (2) Most extremely severe RTCs occurred in fine weather days and in the daytime. The high occurrence sites were plain areas, horizontal and straight roads, Grade B and C roads, ordinary road segment, and asphalt, smooth and mixed roads. (3) Compared with other RTCs, extremely severe RTCs were more likely to happen under following conditions: on cloudy, snowing, misty and blustering days; in hill and mountainous areas; on crooked and sloping roads; on freeway, Grade A, B, and C roads; mixed roads; ordinary, bridge, narrow and transitional roads; sand and dirt-roads; without traffic control measures; night without lighting. (4) Extremely severe RTCs of mountainous area or crooked and sloping roads were most severe in terms of deaths and injures per crash. Conclusions: Extremely severe RTCs are closely related with environmental factors. Rational road programming, enhancing road establishment and improving road conditions are probably effective measures to reduce the road traffic injuries.
基金China Polar Science Strategy Foundation(Grant No.20120316)Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(Grant No.20111080965)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11205094&41106167)
文摘A large amount of radioactivity was released into the environment after the Fukushima nuclear accident （FNA） in Japan in 2011. This radioactivity had a significant impact on the global environment, and there was much public concern about its effects. The subsequent assessment of the FNA and the environmental remediation required are proving to be long and complicated tasks. The assessments are based on the radioactive source terms for the FNA, which determine the level of damage caused by the nuclear accident. We investigated the radioactive source terms from three aspects： the amount and composition of the radionuclides; the activity and atomic ratio of the radionuclides; and comparison with other historical events. The total amount of radioactivity, excluding the radioactive noble gases （85Kr and 133Xe）, released by the FNA was about 10% of that released by the Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986 and 〈1%o of the global fallout from the atmosphere nuclear explosion. However, the FNA was the most serious nuclear accident in terms of radioactive pollution of the marine environment. The recovery actions carried out after the FNA have been evaluated and the environmental impacts of the FNA are discussed.
