Surface Breakdown of Printed Circuit Board under Magnetic Field with Reduced Pressure

Epoxy resin laminate onto which a pair of copper foil was printed was employed as test samples.The samples were placed in an artificial atmospheric chamber, which was vacuumed by a rotary pump from 100 kPa to 5 kPa.The magnetic field was produced by permanent magnets that were assembled to make E×B drift away from, into and parallel to the sample surface, respectively.Magnetic flux density was adjusted at 120 mT, 180 mT and 240 mT respectively.By applying a negative bias voltage between the electrodes, the ...

Mitigation Strategy against Cascading Failures on Social Networks

Cascading failures are common phenomena in many of real-world networks,such as power grids,Internet,transportation networks and social networks.It's worth noting that once one or a few users on a social network are unavailable for some reasons,they are more likely to influence a large portion of social network.Therefore,an effective mitigation strategy is very critical for avoiding or reducing the impact of cascading failures.In this paper,we firstly quantify the user loads and construct the processes of cascading dynamics,then elaborate the more reasonable mechanism of sharing the extra user loads with considering the features of social networks,and further propose a novel mitigation strategy on social networks against cascading failures.Based on the realworld social network datasets,we evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the novel mitigation strategy.The experimental results show that this mitigation strategy can reduce the impact of cascading failures effectively and maintain the network connectivity better with lower cost.These findings are very useful for rationally advertising and may be helpful for avoiding various disasters of cascading failures on many real-world networks.

Fake Reviews Tell No Tales？ Dissecting Click Farming in Content-Generated Social Networks

Recently, there has been a radial shift from traditional online social networks to content-generated social networks(CGSNs). Contemporary CGSNs, such as Dianping and Trip Advisor, are often the targets of click farming in which fake reviews are posted in order to boost or diminish the ratings of listed products and services simply through clicking. Click farming often emanates from a collection of multiple fake or compromised accounts, which we call click farmers. In this paper, we conduct a three-phase methodology to detect click farming. We begin by clustering communities based on newly-defined collusion networks. We then apply the Louvain community detection method to detecting communities. We finally perform a binary classification on detected-communities. Our results of over a year-long study show that(1) the prevalence of click farming is different across CGSNs;(2) most click farmers are lowly-rated;(3) click-farming communities have relatively tight relations between users;(4) more highly-ranked stores have a greater portion of fake reviews.

Predictors of work injury in underground mines—an application of a logistic regression model

Mine accidents and injuries are complex and generally characterized by several factors starting from personal to technical, and technical to social characteristics.In this study, an attempt has been made to identify the various factors responsible for work related injuries in mines and to estimate the risk of work injury to mine workers.The prediction of work injury in mines was done by a step-by-step multivariate logistic regression modeling with an application to case study mines in India.In total, 18 variables were considered in this study.Most of the variables are not directly quantifiable.Instruments were developed to quantify them through a questionnaire type survey.Underground mine workers were randomly selected for the survey.Responses from 300 participants were used for the analysis.Four variables, age, negative affectivity, job dissatisfaction, and physical hazards, bear significant discriminating power for risk of injury to the workers, comparing between cases and controls in a multivariate situation while controlling all the personal and socio-technical variables.The analysis reveals that negatively affected workers are 2.54 times more prone to injuries than the less negatively affected workers and this factor is a more important risk factor for the case-study mines.Long term planning through identification of the negative individuals, proper counseling regarding the adverse effects of negative behaviors and special training is urgently required.Care should be taken for the aged and experienced workers in terms of their job responsibility and training requirements.Management should provide a friendly atmosphere during work to increase the confidence of the injury prone miners.

The Spiritual Utopia Reflected in Out of Africa

The publication of Out of Africa in 1937 won Baroness K. Blixen-Finecke worldwide fame because the novel caused wide public concern among both critics and readers. The story unfolds a poetic picture which reveals the natural peace and harmony in Africa through the narrative angle of the heroine--Karen Blixen. In Out of Africa, the author, from multipoint viepoints, knits the legendary plot to display a picture of a community with the features of spiritual utopia, which is an ideal place for men to escape from the outside disturbance. The present paper, first, gives a brief introduction to the plot of the story. Then, it discusses the characteristics of spiritual utopian community on the African land from the following three perspectives： Karen Blixen is a pursuer to go after self-integrity so as to protect the harmony of spiritual utopian land in Africa; Africans are the paragons of self-integrity to pursue freedom on their homeland; and the western settlers are the dominators who have lost self-integrity in the spiritual utopian community because they have almost destroyed the ecological and social banlance on African land.

All Conversations About Love Are the Same

In The Metaphysics of Love, Schopenhauer argues that love is a literary invention. For the philosopher, this feeling was a creation of men to mask the real desire. On the other hand, Nicolas Grimaldi, while analysing Marcel Proust＇s work, enumerates a series of issues that strengthen Schopenhauer＇s arguments. For Grimaldi, the writer explains the literary character of love in its work. Through the analysis of four films, from different cinematography, this work intends to explore the issue of the representation of love in the art of film. In an attempt to understand how film uses its formal and discursive resources to present or represent this feeling, this paper analyses films chosen on the basis of how they tell their love stories. Beginning with Gertrud whose motto, Omnia Love says it all. In The Woman Next Door, Truffaut reveals the paradox of love and pain. Wings of Desire speaks of love and redemption. More recently, Kiarostami offered his Certified Copy, a film that asks whether a copy can produce in us the same thrill of an original. If love is an invention of literature, this paper seeks to understand how such an invention is born, and what it consists in modern and contemporary cinema.

Oral Narrative an Underutilized Tool of Transformation： The Case of Ateso Folk Tales in Iteso Communities of Uganda and Kenya

The study explored the various performances of oral narratives in the Teso communities. In-depth interviews carried out with 68 respondents from 2009 to 2013, in six selected Teso districts in Uganda and Teso and Busia districts in Kenya, before and after performances, provided the data. In placing value and assessing the unquantifiable feelings of narrators and audiences, the study chose the methods of qualitative research and ethno-methodological philosophical analyses. Various levels of perceptions emerged from both the audiences and performers as they journeyed into both self and society. The study showed that the communities yearned for the communicative avenues of harnessing resources for solving various issues as they look into the future. Oral narratives motivated audiences through experiences of self discovery which spurred them to analogies of societal issues that haunted them. Both value and virtue were experienced at individual and group levels with a cultural identity and exposure to ethnic ties that bound them together in the struggle for a brighter tomorrow. The study recommends that a new society can be realized with movement from analogue to digital strategies for communication.

Shooting Down Civil Aircraft in the Light of Sovereignty in the Airspace

If one aims at choosing a fundamental rule of international aviation law, doubtlessly the one selected would be principle of air sovereignty. And although having been respected by international community for decades, its strict observance may paradoxically pose danger for civil aviation-a mean of transport universally concerned to be the safest in the world, Of course, States make best efforts to secure civil airplanes from attacks-beginning with prohibition of use of force arising from Charter of the United Nations finishing with provisions of Montreal Convention. Nevertheless, history of aviation has given multiple cases of shooting down aircraft, many due to conviction by States that their airspace was infringed. This paper aims at presenting an overview of principle of air sovereignty and analysis of selected aviation incidents and accidents caused by shooting down from the perspective of international law.

Discussion on the Modern Moral Education Function of the Traditional ＂Five Human Relationships＂

Chinese culture puts much emphasis upon ethics, by which people are bound to pay respect to their superiors, fathers or husbands, hence a realization of social harmony and the utmost of the moral unification of heavens and human beings. The story as a means of significance in transmission of traditional culture explains vividly the connotation of traditional morals and plays a role of importance in moral education of ancient times as well. This thesis shall analyze the essence of moral ideas in those stories, through which to be aware of and taste the ethical tenderness in traditional moralities, thus a perfection of the application of traditional stories to modern moral education.

Hazard Mitigation through a Systemic Model of Accident to a Socio-Technical System： A Case Study

This paper presents the STAMP （system-theoretic accident modeling and processes） accident model, based on systems theory, and describes its application in the context of risk prevention related to the remediation of contaminated sediments. The implementation of the model is described, and results are presented both in methodological and technical terms. The goal of this article is to emphasize the need of new approaches to take into account hazards and accidents within socio-technical systems.

清零

舒婷《致橡树》诗中有'我必须是你近旁的一株木棉,作为树的形象和你站在一起',而我此时想说:我愿意拥有记忆,以绝不清零的姿态大步向前。因为,每段经历都有其独特的价值。我的人生,要牢记过往,绝不清零。'你的行为举止中,藏着你走过的路,见过的景,和你爱过的人。'人有记忆,故会受到它的影响而做事成人。储存器只有在故障时才会被动清零。但人不同,人生是一道无法满分的主观题,《烈日灼心》中付小辛身为杀人犯但为了孩子放弃了逃命.

他纠与自纠

《宋人论书杂考》读后林永江《书法》杂志二〇〇五年第四期所载姜勇先生《宋人论书杂考》一文,其中对『颜真卿每使家僮刻字,故会主人意,修改波撇,致大失真』一句中的『故会主人意』释为『略揣主人笔画梗概』,释『故』为『略揣梗概』,窃以为不甚妥当。

Advanced Unified Failure Model on Uniformly Reinforced Concrete Box Section Members

Based on the traditional Nielsen model,a unified failure model on the uniformly reinforced concrete box section members under combined forces was introduced by Luo and Liu.One of their contributions is adjustment of the shear carrying capacity of concrete at the member failure surface.In the unified failure model,the comparison with the experimental results verified this adjustment.Nevertheless,it should be pointed out that the adjustment factor of shear carrying capacity at member failure surface for the reinforced concrete members in the unified failure model is a fixed adjustment constant for all experiment data,which is basically determined by curve fitting.However,the adjustment factor should vary with the normal stress at the member failure surface.In this paper,an advanced theoretical model is introduced,in which the adjustment factor of shear carrying capacity at failure surface is a variable related to the normal stress at failure surface.Furthermore,the advanced unified failure model on the uniformly reinforced concrete box section member can still be expressed in a simple form.Finally,the comparison with several groups of test data has verified that this advanced model is more accurate and feasible to be used in design.