论指导性案例的效力地位:从定性到比较

效力地位是指导性案例的效力得到肯定之后面临的又一重要问题,它既关涉指导性案例是否属于法源这一基础问题,还涉及指导性案例与其他法规范之司法适用的优先性问题。从法源概念来看,绝对的法源肯定论与否定论都过于武断。为契合学术及实践的现实状况,应在坚持获得立法承认之前提下允许语用论的存在。基于此,指导性案例在法源属性上便有广义与狭义之分。而进一步从具体层面比较分析,指导性案例不属于司法解释,且其效力地位要低于司法解释;指导性案例与司法解释性质文件虽然均是作为裁判理由而非裁判依据存在的,但指导性案例的效力地位要高于司法解释性质文件。

再论澳门特别行政区行政法规性质和地位问题

澳门特别行政区立法制度包括立法会行使立法权制定法律和行政长官制定行政法规等相关制度,立法会颁布法律将行政法规又进一步细化为独立行政法规和补充性行政法规,该法的内容及实施的情况,使得原已引发的关于行政法规性质和地位的争议在新的规范平台上展开。唯规范解读、学理分析和实证研究的结果,都进一步确立行政法规应当依法制定并在效力上服从于法律的结论,要求有权机关在运用法律时减少随意性,增强依法施政的自觉自为。

Electroacupuncture on the Head Points for Improving Gnosia in Patients with Vascular Dementia

Objective： To investigate the clinical effects of electroacupuncture （EA） on the head points for improving gnosia in patients with vascular dementia （VD）. Methods： 90 VD patients were randomly divided into a drug group, an EA group and an EA plus drug group. Scoring with the M/VISE scale and detecting the relevant potentials were done before treatment and after a 6-week treatment. Results： Gnosia was improved after treatment in all the three groups with no significant difference by the intergroup comparison. Conclusion： The above three therapies can all improve gnosia, reduce the psychological stress, strengthen attention and shorten the awaiting time for recognition; and EA plus Nimodipine seems to be the best in the curative effect.