乡土社会中雇佣契约的效力机制分析

乡土社会①的熟人特色和近代国家法的西方面向,使得乡村中雇佣契约的实施主要依赖于社会力量。雇工与雇主既是达成雇佣契约的主体,同时也是雇佣契约实施所分别作用的对象。雇佣契约的效力机制主要体现为,社会力量通过对于雇工的压制机制和雇主的惩罚机制迫使雇佣双方安于遵循所达成的契约规范。

管理创新效力机制研究:基于动态能力观视角的研究框架

管理创新逐渐成为企业竞争优势最重要和持续的来源,但其复杂性及其对组织绩效影响的滞后性使得学者和实业家对管理创新效力提升问题倍感困惑。为此,以普遍存在的引进型管理创新为研究对象,尝试从企业动态能力观视角提出提升管理创新效力的思路或研究框架,并进一步从管理者个人和组织双层面阐释动态能力的提升路径,旨在为管理创新研究提供一个新的研究视角。

模块化组织关联界面:形式、机理与效力机制

模块化组织内部不仅存在主导模块与成员模块间的沟通与协调关系,还存在成员模块之间的要素流动与协同关系。成员模块之间通过业务交易、信息共享、知识交流、能力互补、平台整合等方式实现各方的合作,本文基于此构建了成员模块之间合作模式的Brick模型。进一步地,识别了界面关联的成员模块间的能力与知识的作用的四种关联方式——匹配、渗透、融合和寄生,并相应厘清了对偶界面、嵌入界面、共生界面、涌现界面等四种界面形式,以及各自的作用机理。在MISP的作用下,模块化组织关联界面效力机制设计有赖于:在基础层面上进行关系网络的构建,在核心层面上加强关系租金的创造。

现代大学制度背景下班主任工作效力驱动机制探究

高校班主任是大学生成长与进步的导师,是学生人生路上的引领者、导航人。在现代大学制度背景下,全面分析高校班主任现状,明晰高校班主任目标要求,启动和运行源动力机制、向心力机制、吸引力机制、凝聚力机制、驱动力机制,这对于有机整合效力驱动机制体系,多角度挖掘班主任工作潜力,全方位调动班主任积极性大有裨益。

仲裁协议效力审查机制研究——兼论《仲裁法》第20条

一份有效的仲裁协议是仲裁的前提条件,但我国《仲裁法》对仲裁协议效力的审查程序仅规定了当事人异议一种情形,立法上存在诸多不足。我国应确立仲裁委员会依职权审查为原则,当事人异议为例外的效力审查机制,同时应规定更细化的程序规则,全面完善我国仲裁协议效力审查机制的不足。

行政约谈实效性的保障机制建构——兼论约谈法治化进阶

行政约谈的法律效力存在不稳定性。具有浓郁职权主义色彩的行政行为效力"四要件"说,在面对行政约谈的实效性难题上缺乏解释力。行政行为形式论的桎梏、法律原则的运用不足和约谈制度设计的缺陷是导致行政约谈实效性梗阻的主要原因。多元开放式选择理念为行政约谈效力机制的构建提供了新思路。应鼓励"行政法律关系论"和"行政过程论"等多元方法论的应用;在约谈主体间,通过导入信赖保护原则,形塑"协商—互动"型行政法律关系,汇聚行政约谈效力机制的"灵魂";在约谈运行过程中,实现外部约谈与行政调查、行政处罚的衔接,内部约谈与行政问责的衔接,搭建约谈效力机制的"骨架"。

论环境习惯法的环保效力

在习惯法效力日渐式微的今天,环境习惯法以其传统文化的塑化作用、群体连带关系的粘合作用、集体制裁保障方式和宗教因素的强化效力,确保环境习惯法在特定的区域内发挥有效的环保功效。而环境习惯法中的"天人合一"、"万物有灵"、"敬畏自然"的生态观则从观念上与"法理"上论证了环境习惯法存在的正当理由,强化了其环保效力。国家法应该从环境习惯法中反思自己的得失。

雇佣契约的效力基础——以乡土社会为场域

乡土社会的熟人特色和近代国家法的西方面向,使得乡村中雇佣契约的实施主要依赖于社会力量。雇工与雇主既是达成雇佣契约的主体,同时也是雇佣契约实施所分别作用的对象。雇佣契约的效力机制主要体现为,社会力量通过对于雇工的压制机制和雇主的惩罚机制迫使雇佣双方安于遵循所达成的契约规范。

法律和信用的博弈分析

解决信用缺失问题,法律是不可或缺的。然而,单单依赖加大对失信者的法律惩罚并不是抑制失信行为的最佳方法。要建构有效的法律制度以抑制失信行为必须首先从动态、博弈的角度来分析法律的作用机理和效力机制。这就要比较法律规则制定前后经济人(包括执法者)行为的变化(差异)程度,进而分析这些行为变化对交易绩效的影响程度。只有这样,我们才能有效地建构法律制度,从而很好地重建社会信用。

Effect of Ce content on mechanical properties of Ce/Cr coated open-cell Ni-Cr-Fe alloy foams

The Ce/Cr coating was homogenously deposited onto the reticulated open-cell Ni?Cr?Fe alloy foam by the pack cementation process.The mechanical properties of the Ce/Cr coated alloy foams were investigated by the quasi-static compression test.Simultaneously,the deformation and failure mechanisms of Ce/Cr coated alloy foams were discussed.The results show that the adding amount of CeO2powders influences the mechanical properties of the Ce/Cr coated alloy foams.Despite an increase in density as compared to the uncoated foams,the Ce/Cr coated foams exhibit improvement in both yield strength and energy-absorption performance.Especially,the energy-absorption performance of2%Ce/Cr(mass fraction)coated alloy foam is averagely1.9times as high as that of the bare Ni?Cr?Fe alloy foam.In addition,the mechanical properties of the Ce/Cr coated alloy foams increase with the increase of strain rate.The distortion and cracking are mainly the deformation behavior of the Ce/Cr coated alloy foam,confirmed by SEM images.

Failure of rock under dynamic compressive loading

Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB) test was simulated to investigate the distribution of the first principal stress and damage zone of specimen subjected to dynamic compressive load. Numerical models of plate-type specimen containing cracks with inclined angles of 0°,45° and 90° were also established to investigate the crack propagation and damage evolution under dynamic loading. The results show that the simulation results are in accordance with the failure patterns of specimens in experimental test. The interactions between stress wave and crack with different inclined angles are different; damage usually appears around the crack tips firstly; and then more damage zones develop away from the foregoing damage zone after a period of energy accumulation; eventually,the damage zones run through the specimen in the direction of applied loading and split the specimen into pieces.

A new failure mechanism for deep cavity and upper bound solution of supporting pressure

The investigation of supporting pressure is of great significance to the design of underground structures.Based on the kinematical approach of limit analysis,an improved failure mechanism is proposed,and the supporting pressure is investigated for deep buried cavity.Three failure mechanisms are first introduced according to the existing failure mechanisms of geotechnical structures of limit analysis.A comparison with respect to the optimal failure mechanisms and the upper bound solutions provided among these three mechanisms are then conducted in an attempt to obtain the improved failure mechanism.The results provided by the improved failure mechanism are in good agreement with those by the existing method,the numerical solution and field monitoring,which demonstrates that the proposed failure mechanism is effective for the upper bound analysis of supporting pressure.

Research on the evaluation and mechanism of socio-economic benefit of highway projects

Based on the theory of system dynamics, the paper analyzes the mechanism of socio-economic benefits of highway projects and establishes the system dynamics model of regional economic-highway development. Then taking Jinji（Tianjin--Jixian） Highway of Tianjin as an example, the errors of system simulation are tested, and the system dynamics model built is verified to be quite stable, which has a high performance. Through the comparison of simulation results with and without Jinji Highway, the paper simulates and predicts the socio-economie benefit of each year from 2003 to 2013. Thus the quantification evaluation of socio-economic benefit of highway project is realized and will provide the theory instructions for similar projects in the future.

习惯规范与民间契约——以民国华北乡村地区的雇佣关系为切入点

民间规范与雇佣契约之间相互依存、密不可分。关于二者的关系,具体而言:雇佣契约是民间规范的资源性要素,民间规范赖雇佣契约而生成;而民间规范则为雇佣契约提供前提性和背景性支持,因了民间规范,雇佣契约方能完善地得以执行;同时无论在市场中,还是在社会中,民间规范与雇佣契约又有着相同的效力执行机制。

行为能力绝对无效主义的修正

行为能力制度是民法的理论体系与制度体系构建的基础或核心。一方面,行为能力是主体资格即权利能力的逻辑延伸,权利能力制度勾勒了理性人的抽象轮廓,而行为能力制度则将这一轮廓具体化为理性人实际活动的状态与范围;另一方面,行为能力制度对自然人意思能力的定型化,为法律行为效力的判断提供理论依据。本文通过对行为能力制度中绝对无效主义的价值缺失进行反思性研究,以合理地构建行为能力制度中的效力机制。