潮土磷库组成及累积磷的消耗转化特征

【目的】长期施用磷肥致使潮土中累积了大量的磷,为精确管控和合理利用累积磷素,我们研究了小麦–玉米连续种植下,停止使用磷肥后磷库的组成和消耗转化特征。【方法】本研究依托位于河南新乡的“国家潮土肥力与肥料效益长期定位试验基地”进行,连续26年施用不同量磷肥,处理间土壤磷积累量差异很大。利用单个处理或两个处理耕层土壤混合的方法,制备Olsen-P含量分别为6.7、14.3、27.6、55.4、72.3 mg/kg的土壤(分别记为L1、L2、L3、L4、L5),用于进行微区耗竭试验,种植制度为冬小麦–夏玉米轮作。在耗竭试验的5年间,测定了土壤全磷、Olsen-P和各磷库组分含量。【结果】潮土磷库中无机磷占比超过90%,L5处理土壤中的有效磷库组分Resin-P、NaHCO_(3)-Pt、NaOH-Pt含量分别为L1的5.0、3.5、2.8倍。L1处理(缺磷土壤)的有效磷组分在全磷中的比例仅为10.4%,而难利用磷组分(C.HCl-Pt, Residual-P)的比例高达24.0%;L5处理(高磷土壤)有效磷组分比例高达20.6%,难利用组分比例低至14.3%。缓效磷组分(D.HCl-Pi)在全磷中的比例基本维持在66%。有效磷水平高于农学阈值(L2处理)之后,Resin-P组分才开始增加,增加量占有效磷库增加量的17.3%~22.6%。磷库耗竭过程中,有效磷库是作物吸收的第一磷库,且以Resin-P、NaHCO_(3)-Pi、NaOH-Pi的先后顺序被利用。Resin-P、NaHCO_(3)-Pi、NaOH-Pi每消耗1 mg/kg,Olsen-P分别减少1.3、0.7和1.0 mg/kg。有效磷库组分与缓效磷库、难利用磷库组分可以互相转化。5年耗竭过程中,L1处理有18.0 mg/kg难利用磷转化为D.HCl-Pi,L2、L3处理分别有22.3和7.2 mg/kg D.HCl-Pi转化为有效态磷,提升了土壤累积磷素的生物有效性;而L4、L5处理分别有29.9和43.1 mg/kg有效态磷组分转化为D.HCl-Pi,降低了土壤累积磷的生物有效性。【结论】随着土壤Olsen-P水平的提高,有效磷库组分Resin-P、NaHCO_(3)-Pt、NaOH-Pt占比增加,难利用磷库占比减少,而缓效磷库占比高且稳定。有效态Resin-P在Olsen-P超过农学阈值后才开始累积。作物吸收可促进缺磷土壤难利用磷库组分转化为缓效磷库组分,中磷土壤缓效磷库组分转化为有效磷库组分,最终土壤累积磷素均被活化利用;而高磷土壤中30%以上的有效磷库组分被转化为缓效磷库组分,作物奢侈吸磷量显著增加,造成一定的磷肥养分浪费。中磷土壤是维持磷资源高效利用和作物高产的最佳磷库组成状态。

农田土壤有机碳库大小及周转

对水稻土、早地潮土和红壤下土壤有机碳库的大小、分解速率和平均驻留时间进行了分析,根据有机碳周转时间的不同,可将土壤有机碳库划分为活性碳库、缓效性碳库和惰效性碳库3个库,其遵循三库一级动力学方程,根据土壤有机碳的分解变化,用此方程在SAS8.2软件上拟合出活性碳库、缓效性碳库的大小及其分解速率.结果表明,农田土壤各剖面的活性碳一般占土壤有机碳的0.6%～3.7%,平均驻留时间为4～45 d;缓效性碳库一般占土壤有机碳的37.7%～81.2%,平均驻留时间为5～24年;利用酸水解测得的惰效性碳一般占土壤有机碳的17.1%～48.1%.不同水型及不同母质下的水稻土中各碳库变化规律分别为：潴育型水稻土＞潜育型水稻土＞淹育型水稻土、第四纪红粘土＞第三纪红砂岩类.不同水稻土和旱地土壤中,活性碳库变化规律为水稻土＞旱地,而缓效性碳为旱地土壤＞水稻土,表明旱地土壤的固碳能力较水田强.

2009—2019年红壤典型区水稻土有机碳组分库时空变化

为及时掌握土壤有机碳组分库的时空变化,本研究基于历史采样信息开展新一轮土壤样品采集,进行100 d土壤呼吸培养实验,借助三库一级动力学模型,获得土壤活性碳库大小(Ca)、缓效性碳库大小(Cs)和惰性碳库大小(Cr),以揭示2009—2019年江西省东乡地区表层水稻土Ca、Cs和Cr的时空变化及主要影响因子。结果表明:2009—2019年研究区表层水稻土平均总有机碳(TOC)、Ca和Cs减少,而平均Cr增加;TOC、Ca、Cs和Cr的变化速率分别为-0.04、-0.02、-0.07 g·kg^(-1)·a^(-1)和0.05 g·kg^(-1)·a^(-1)(P>0.05)。土壤属性对2019年东乡地区表层水稻土TOC、Ca和Cr的空间变异影响较小,而土壤全氮(TN)对TOC、Cs和Cr的变异均有较大贡献,在制定水稻土固碳措施时,应关注土壤N含量的协同变异。此外,近10年来研究区北部和中部地区水稻土有机碳组分变化幅度较大,而西南和东南地区变化幅度较小,因此,未来红壤区水稻土固碳应重视各有机碳组分的时空分异。

Methods of vendor managed inventory control in supply chain management

By inducing the typical inventory control problem - the bullwhip effect, this paper presents vendor managed inventory (VMI) control methods on the basis of traditional methods of inventory management methods, constructs a VMI mathematics model, and analyzes the influence of VMI on inventory cost and channel profit. Finally, a special case is studied to verify that VMI is an effective supply chain strategy that can not only increase channel profit of supplier and customer but also improve full channel coordination, thereby reducing the bullwhip effect.

Effects of Panicle Fertilizer Application on Source-Sink Characteristics and Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Efficacy of Ganxin688

[Objective]The paper was to explore the effect of postponing application of N fertilizer on source-sink characteristics of super hybrid rice Ganxin688.[Method] With super hybrid rice Ganxin688 as test material,the source organ traits（leaf area index,leaf weight,chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate of flag leaf,stem and sheath dry matter accumulation and output） and yield were measured,the effects of nitrogen application on source-sink relationship,yield and N fertilizer use efficiency were also studied.[Result] Appropriate postponing of N fertilizer was benefit for optimizing population quality,harmonizing source-sink relation,enhancing leaf function,prolonging leaf function period and increasing N fertilizer use efficiency.After heading,the leaves area index（LAI） and chlorophyll content increased with the increasing application amount of panicle fertilizer,and their reduction rate slowed down with the increased application amount of panicle fertilizer.Appropriate increased application of panicle fertilizer could prolong the function period of leaves in lower position,increase storage amount of stem and sheath matter,total sink capacity and sink capacity per unit leaf area during heading stage,improve panicle rate and seed setting rate,reduce the demand of grain sink on stem and sheath matter,and increase lodging resistance of plant,which could also increase dry matter productivity and rice productivity of N fertilizer,and increase absorption and application ratio and total accumulation amount of N fertilizer.For Ganxin 688,when N application amount was 175-205 kg/hm2,the proportion of panicle fertilizer in total nitrogen application should be better as 40%-45%.[Conclusion] The study provided basis for making reasonable and efficient N application strategy to establish a coordinated huge sink and strong source relationship for super rice.

Electrochemical behavior of Li incorporation in Al in LiTFSI/KTf molten salt electrolyte

The electrochemical behavior of lithium incorporated in aluminum electrode in LiTFSI/KTf （lithium bis （trifluoromethylsulfonyl） amide/CF3SO3K） molten salt electrolyte was studied by a variety of electrochemical techniques including cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry and chronoamperometry. The reduction reaction is found involving a nucleation process on the aluminum electrode. The results of chronopotentiometry indicate that the process of lithium incorporation in aluminum is smooth and uniform. The galvanostatic cycle experiments show that the coulombic efficiency is very low in the first cycle, which is mainly due to the ＂retention capacity＂ of Li-Al alloys. This characteristic is testified by the results of XRD and SEM. The results of chronoamperometry indicate that the incorporation of lithium into aluminum for the formation of a-phase Li-Al alloy is limited by its diffusion rate, with a measured diffusion coefficient of 1.8× 10^-10 cm2/s.

Vendor managed inventory and bullwhip effect

This paper studies that the bullwhip effect of order releases and the amplifications of safety stock arise within the supply chain even when the demand model is ARIMA(0, 1, 1) and the forecast method used is a simple exponentially weighted moving average. It also examines a vendor managed inventory (VMI) program to determine how it can help alleviate such negative effects, and gives the theoretical proofs and numerical illustrations. The results show that the effects with VMI are better than the effect without VMI in demand forecasting and safety stock levels, etc.

Determination of Barbaloin in Aloe vera L. var. chinensis (Haw.) Berger and Aloe barbadensis Miller by HPLC

A reserved-phase HPLC method was developed for the determination of barbaloin in Aloe vera L. var. chinensis (Haw.) Berger and Aloe barbadensis Miller, and whether there was a close relationship between the contents of barbaloin and their environments in which they were growing was decided. A Hypersil ODS column (4.6 mm×200 mm, 5 μm)was used with a mobile phase of methanol-water (40:60, containing 0.1% acetic acid), the flow rate being 1.0 mL·min -1, detection wavelength at 359 nm, and the column temperature being 30℃. The linear range of barbaloin was between 0.0726 and 0.726 μg with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998 and the regression equation being Y=1.9202×10 6X-1801.9. Barbaloin was stable in methanol in 48 h and the instrument precision was 1.2% while the method precision was 4.9%. The contents of barbaloin of 12 samples ranged from 6.160 to 319.1 μg·g -1. The method developed was fast and simple with good reproducibility. There was high correlation between the contents of barbaloin and their growing environments.

湖北省人民政府办公厅关于2018年度全省固定资产投资及重点建设项目目标考核情况的通报

鄂政办函[2019]11号各市、州、县人民政府,省政府各部门:2018年,在省委、省政府的正确领导下,全省上下坚持稳中求进工作总基调,认真贯彻党中央“六稳”工作部署,聚焦高质量发展根本要求,围绕项目储备库、建设库、达效库抓推进,紧扣定时、定项、定向抓调度,紧盯民资、争资、引资、融资抓保障,聚焦投资审批标准化、报建简便化、服务便民化、监管常态化抓改革,推动一批重大项目落地实施,持续扩大有效投资.

Enhanced cycling stability of Mg-F co-modified LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2-y)Mg_yO_(2-z)F_z for lithium-ion batteries

The layered LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2-yMgyO2-zFz（0≤y≤0.12, 0≤z≤0.08） cathode materials were synthesized by combining co-precipitation method and high temperature solid-state reaction, with the help of the ball milling, to investigate the effects of F-Mg doping on LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O）2. Compared with previous studies, this doping treatment provides substantially improved electrochemical performance in terms of initial coulombic efficiency and cycle performance. The LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.11Mg0.09O1.96F0.04 electrode delivers an high capacity retention of 98.6% during the first cycle and a discharge capacity of 189.7 m A·h/g（2.8-4.4 V at 0.2 C）, with the capacity retention of 96.3% after 100 cycles. And electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS） results show that Mg-F co-doping decreases the charge-transfer resistance and enhances the reaction kinetics, which is considered to be the major factor for higher rate performance. It is demonstrated that LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.11Mg0.09O1.96F0.04 is a promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries for excellent electrochemical properties.

Influence of CsNO_3 as electrolyte additive on electrochemical property of lithium anode in rechargeable battery

Lithium metal is one of the most promising anode materials for rechargeable battery with high energy density,but its practical use is still hindered by two main problems,namely,lithium dendrite growth and low Coulombic efficiency.To address the issues,cesium nitrate(CsNO3)is selected as the additive to modify the electrolyte for lithium secondary battery.Here we report electrochemical performance of lithium secondary battery with different concentration of CsNO3 as electrolyte additive.The study result demonstrates that Coulombic efficiency of Li–Cu cells and the lifetime of symmetric lithium cells contained CsNO3 additive are improved greatly.Li–Cu cell with 0.05 mol/L CsNO3 and 0.15 mol/L LiNO3 as electrolyte additive presents the best electrochemical performance,having the highest Coulombic efficiency of around 97%and the lowest interfacial resistance.With increasing the concentration of CsNO3 as electrolyte additive,the electrochemical performance of cells becomes poor.Meanwhile,the morphology of lithium deposited films with CsNO3-modified electrolyte become smoother and more uniform compared with the basic electrolyte.

Dynamics of Quantum Entanglement in Reservoir with Memory Effects

The non-Markovian dynamics of quantum entanglement is studied by the Shabani-Lidar master equation when one of entangled quantum systems is coupled to a local reservoir with memory effects.The completely positive reduced dynamical map can be constructed in the Kraus representation.Quantum entanglement decays more slowly in the non-Markovian environment.The decoherence time for quantum entanglement can be markedly increased with the change of the memory kernel.It is found out that the entanglement sudden death between quantum systems and entanglement sudden birth between the system and reservoir occur at different instants.

Analysis on Growth of Released Black Carp and Annual Benefits from Released Fish in Yantan Reservoir

The research explored growth and development, economic profits, and eco- logical benefits of released black carps on basis of 21 group ecological data on 52 365 fish within 6 months. The results indicated that the age and growth index of released black carp were normal and body length and size were coordinated; 88.89% released black carps exceeded theoretical weight, with an average of 25.15%, which indicated that black carps are hardly to reproduct naturally. In 2013, 310 000 black carps were released in the Reservoir, and 123 tons black carps were obtained, with direct economic value of 2.46 million yuan and indirect econom- ic value of 3.84 million yuan. It can be concluded based on averages that 123 tons black carps can be produced in 2013 and 3 690 kg nitrogen and 740 kg phospho- rus can be removed. The releasing of fish has shown much more economic, ecological and social benefits in Yantan Reservoir, but the hidden dangers still exist on fishery environment. Therefore, it is necessary to further increase the number of re- leased black carps in the Reservoir.

Benefit evaluation of the Three-Gorges Reservoir migration by an assessment index model based on analytic hierarchy process

An assessment index model was established to evaulate the benefit of the Three-Gorges Reservoir migration through the analytical hierarchy process. Totally 43 indicators were selected to assess the impact of migration on the economic, social and ecological environmental aspects of the migration communities, with the data of the indicators of the years 1992, 1998, 2002 which represented the period of premigration, the end of the first phase migration and the end of the second phase migration, respectively. The evaluation matrix is sufficiently consistent, with a consistency ratio CR equal to 0.086 3. The assessment turned out a benefit value for the economic subsystem in the year 2004 larger than triple the value in the year 1992, indicating a remarkable economic growth in the Reservoir area. The constantly increasing value for the social subsystem reflects the stable social situations. There is a slight decline in the assessment outcome of the ecological subsystem for the year 1998, which implies enviromental conservation was given insufficient importance during that period. On the whole, the implementation of the migration project is favorable to the Reservoir region, as confirmed by the stably increasing overall evaluation value from 42.22% in 1992 to 68.81% in 2002. However, there is still much room to improve from the status quo to the target criteria.

Quantum Effects of Mesoscopic Inductance and Capacity Coupling Circuits

Using the quantum theory for a mesoscopic circuit based on the discretenes of electric charges, the finitedifference Schrodinger equation of the non-dlssipative mesoscopic inductance and capacity coupling circuit is achieved. The Coulomb blockade effect, which is caused by the discreteness of electric charges, is studied. Appropriately choose the components in the circuits, the finlte-dlfference Schrodinger equation can be divided into two Mathieu equations in representation.＂ With the WKBJ method, the currents quantum fluctuations in the ground states of the two circuits are calculated. The results show that the currents quantum zero-point fluctuations of the two circuits are exist and correlated.

Quantum Coherence Tunnelings：Multi—Kondo Peaks and Anomalous Coulomb Oscillations

On the basis of a multi-level Anderson–Wolff model, an electronic tunneling is studied numerically in the self-consistent field approximation. It is shown that in the intermediate coupling regime, conductance and magnetization could display universal fluctuations. In particular, new anomalous Coulomb oscillations assisted by the multi-Kondo peaks are predicted theoretically.

Research of University Educational Administration System Bottlenecks and Overall Optimization Scheme

This paper analyzes of the bottleneck to influence the running efficiency of educational administration system in universities and colleges,and from the system deployment architecture, server configuration, database SQL statement optimization and other aspects, it puts forwards the optimization scheme.

Antiproton-Nucleus Interaction and Coulomb Effect at High Energies

The Coulomb effect in high energy antiproton-nucleus elastic and inelastic scattering from 12C and 16O is studied in the framework of Glauber multiple scattering theory for five kinetic energies ranged from 0.23 to 1.83 GeV.A microscopic shell-model nuclear wave functions, Woods-Saxon single-particle wave functions, and experimental pN amplitudes are used in the calculations. The results show that the Coulomb effect is of paramount importance for filling up the dips of differential cross sections. We claim that the present result for inelastic scattering of antiproton-12C is sufficiently reliable to be a guide for measurements in the very near future. We also believe that antiproton nucleus elastic and inelastic scattering may produce new information on both the nuclear structure and the antinucleon-nucleon interaction, in particular the p-neutron interaction.

Depth distribution and ecological preferences of periphytic algae in Kenyir Lake,the largest tropical reservoir of Malaysia

We studied the depth distribution of periphyton,growing on inundated dead trees in Kenyir Lake,Malaysia in June 1995.The algal floral composition and structure manifested changes down the depth gradient in terms of species richness,abundance,diversity and cell density.In regression analysis,all these algal attributes were negatively correlated with the depth gradients at P<0.05.In terms of species richness,the bacillariophytes showed dominance over the cyanophytes and chlorophytes;whereas with respect to standing crop,the cyanophytes showed dominance over the bacillariophytes and chlorophytes.The chlorophyll a was higher at the mid and bottom-depths than the surface-depth in both the downstream and upstream sites,which showed that vertical productivity or biomass accumulation was greater in low light irradiance.The product-moment correlation analysis showed that conductivity,turbidity,dissolved oxygen,reactive phosphate and ammonium-nitrogen were highly correlated with the algal assemblage data.However,photosynthetic active radiation(PAR) showed poor correlation with the community data.These observations have cast some light on the autoecological characteristics,habitat preferences and environmental responses of tropical periphytic communities.

Impact of soil texture and sweetpotato cropping system on soil erosion and nutrient loss in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of the Changjiang River

This study investigated the impact of soil texture and sweetpotato cropping system on soil erosion and nutrient loss in the drought infield of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Changjiang River under field conditions. A factorial experiment was conducted in the study using five soil textures and two cropping systems. The lost soil during the crop season was recovered by a soil-blocking device and the dry weights for the total lost soil and its nutrient components, such as ammonium nitrogen, effective phosphorus, K^＋ and organic matter were analyzed. We found that soil texture significantly affected the dry weights of the total lost soil, effective phosphorus, K^＋, and organic matter, while sweetpotato cropping systems and interaction between soil texture and sweetpotato cropping system affected the dry weights of the total lost soil, the effective phosphorus and organic matter. Among the five soil textures tested, Da and Huang caused significantly less soil erosion and nutrient loss compared with the other three soil textures; intercropping sweetpotato with corn significantly reduced soil erosion and nutrient loss.