The pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of the sublingual naloxone tablet were studied with HPLC-electrochemical detection. Eight male dogs received single 5 mg dose of naloxone intravenously, the plasma con...The pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of the sublingual naloxone tablet were studied with HPLC-electrochemical detection. Eight male dogs received single 5 mg dose of naloxone intravenously, the plasma concentration-time curves could be fitted to two-compartment open model, with 12.0 min of t1/2( , 143.4 min of t1/2( and 7.92 mg(min/L of AUC. The same eight dogs received 5 mg dose of the sublingual naloxone tablet after an interval of a week. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were: t1/2ka = 11.0 min, t1/2( = 15.4 min, t1/2( = 164.1 min, Tmax = 27.7 min, Cmax = 34.2 ng / ml, and AUC = 6.79 mg(min / L, respectively. The plasma concentration-time curves were fitted to the first order absorption two-compartment open model also. The mean absolute bioavailability of the sublingual naloxone tablet was 86.8 ( 10.9%. No statistically significant differences were found with t1/2(, t1/2(, ( and ( between the two routes of administration. These results indicated that the course of disposition for naloxone in dogs was similar for the two routes of administration, and the absolute bioavailability of the sublingual naloxone tablet was high. Thus satisfactory clinical effects could be expected.展开更多
By analyzing the average percent of faults detected （APFD） metric and its variant versions, which are widely utilized as metrics to evaluate the fault detection efficiency of the test suite, this paper points out so...By analyzing the average percent of faults detected （APFD） metric and its variant versions, which are widely utilized as metrics to evaluate the fault detection efficiency of the test suite, this paper points out some limitations of the APFD series metrics. These limitations include APFD series metrics having inaccurate physical explanations and being unable to precisely describe the process of fault detection. To avoid the limitations of existing metrics, this paper proposes two improved metrics for evaluating fault detection efficiency of a test suite, including relative-APFD and relative-APFDc. The proposed metrics refer to both the speed of fault detection and the constraint of the testing source. The case study shows that the two proposed metrics can provide much more precise descriptions of the fault detection process and the fault detection efficiency of the test suite.展开更多
Human's real life is within a colorful world. Compared to the gray images, color images contain more information and have better visual effects. In today's digital image processing, image segmentation is an im...Human's real life is within a colorful world. Compared to the gray images, color images contain more information and have better visual effects. In today's digital image processing, image segmentation is an important section for computers to "understand" images and edge detection is always one of the most important methods in the field of image segmentation. Edges in color images are considered as local discontinuities both in color and spatial domains. Despite the intensive study based on integration of single-channel edge detection results, and on vector space analysis, edge detection in color images remains as a challenging issue.展开更多
This study,developing and piloting a questionnaire as an instrument, using relevant statistical procedures, investigated the extent to which the essay in TEM8 (TEM8E) is a valid test in terms of theory-based validity....This study,developing and piloting a questionnaire as an instrument, using relevant statistical procedures, investigated the extent to which the essay in TEM8 (TEM8E) is a valid test in terms of theory-based validity. The research design mainly involved student participants from three universities in China. The findings of this study may suggest that the ability in writing tested could be generally reflected by the internal sub-processes; the test-takers' translating ability variance can be marginally statistically reflected; the sub-processes such as topic and genre modifying, organizing, translating, reviewing may have more effect on score gains than some other sub-processes. In this sense, TEM8E can be generally regarded as a test reflecting the writing ability, but it needs improving.展开更多
We study the effects of electrolyte temperature on DNA molecule translocation experimentally without and with a temperature gradient across nanopore membranes.The same temperatures on both electrolyte chambers are fir...We study the effects of electrolyte temperature on DNA molecule translocation experimentally without and with a temperature gradient across nanopore membranes.The same temperatures on both electrolyte chambers are first considered.The DNA molecule translocation time is measured to be 2.44 ms at 2°C in both chambers,which is 1.57 times longer than at 20°C.Then the temperature difference effect is characterized in both chambers.The results show that the DNA translocation speed can be slowed down as long as one side temperature is lowered,irrespective of the temperature gradient direction.This indicates that the thermophoretic driving force generated by a temperature gradient has no obvious effect on the threading speed of DNA molecules,while the main reason for the slowed DNA translocation speed is the increased viscosity.Interestingly,the capture rate of DNA molecules is enhanced under a temperature gradient condition,and the capture rate during DNA translocation from hot side at 21°C to cold one at 2°C is 1.7 times larger than that under the condition of both chambers at 20°C.Finally,an optimized configuration is proposed to acquire higher capture rates and lower DNA translocation speeds.展开更多
A new concept of neutron detector based on Gas Electron Multiplier(GEM) technology is presented in this paper,in which a novel multi-layer high density polyethylene(HDPE) as neutron-to-proton converter is proposed and...A new concept of neutron detector based on Gas Electron Multiplier(GEM) technology is presented in this paper,in which a novel multi-layer high density polyethylene(HDPE) as neutron-to-proton converter is proposed and studied with Geant4 toolkit for fast 14 MeV neutron.Our preliminary results show that the detection efficiency of the detector with 400 converter units is higher than 2.3% and reconstruction accuracy of the incident neutron position is higher than 2.6%.展开更多
文摘The pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of the sublingual naloxone tablet were studied with HPLC-electrochemical detection. Eight male dogs received single 5 mg dose of naloxone intravenously, the plasma concentration-time curves could be fitted to two-compartment open model, with 12.0 min of t1/2( , 143.4 min of t1/2( and 7.92 mg(min/L of AUC. The same eight dogs received 5 mg dose of the sublingual naloxone tablet after an interval of a week. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were: t1/2ka = 11.0 min, t1/2( = 15.4 min, t1/2( = 164.1 min, Tmax = 27.7 min, Cmax = 34.2 ng / ml, and AUC = 6.79 mg(min / L, respectively. The plasma concentration-time curves were fitted to the first order absorption two-compartment open model also. The mean absolute bioavailability of the sublingual naloxone tablet was 86.8 ( 10.9%. No statistically significant differences were found with t1/2(, t1/2(, ( and ( between the two routes of administration. These results indicated that the course of disposition for naloxone in dogs was similar for the two routes of administration, and the absolute bioavailability of the sublingual naloxone tablet was high. Thus satisfactory clinical effects could be expected.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61300054)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2011190,BK20130879)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province(No.13KJB520018)the Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts&Telecommunications(No.NY212023)
文摘By analyzing the average percent of faults detected （APFD） metric and its variant versions, which are widely utilized as metrics to evaluate the fault detection efficiency of the test suite, this paper points out some limitations of the APFD series metrics. These limitations include APFD series metrics having inaccurate physical explanations and being unable to precisely describe the process of fault detection. To avoid the limitations of existing metrics, this paper proposes two improved metrics for evaluating fault detection efficiency of a test suite, including relative-APFD and relative-APFDc. The proposed metrics refer to both the speed of fault detection and the constraint of the testing source. The case study shows that the two proposed metrics can provide much more precise descriptions of the fault detection process and the fault detection efficiency of the test suite.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60374071)
文摘Human's real life is within a colorful world. Compared to the gray images, color images contain more information and have better visual effects. In today's digital image processing, image segmentation is an important section for computers to "understand" images and edge detection is always one of the most important methods in the field of image segmentation. Edges in color images are considered as local discontinuities both in color and spatial domains. Despite the intensive study based on integration of single-channel edge detection results, and on vector space analysis, edge detection in color images remains as a challenging issue.
文摘This study,developing and piloting a questionnaire as an instrument, using relevant statistical procedures, investigated the extent to which the essay in TEM8 (TEM8E) is a valid test in terms of theory-based validity. The research design mainly involved student participants from three universities in China. The findings of this study may suggest that the ability in writing tested could be generally reflected by the internal sub-processes; the test-takers' translating ability variance can be marginally statistically reflected; the sub-processes such as topic and genre modifying, organizing, translating, reviewing may have more effect on score gains than some other sub-processes. In this sense, TEM8E can be generally regarded as a test reflecting the writing ability, but it needs improving.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China("973"Project)(Grant Nos.2011CB707601 and 2011CB707605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.50925519 and 51375092)+1 种基金supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Southeast University(Grant No.YBJJ1004)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the Innovative Project for Graduate Students of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYLX_0100)
文摘We study the effects of electrolyte temperature on DNA molecule translocation experimentally without and with a temperature gradient across nanopore membranes.The same temperatures on both electrolyte chambers are first considered.The DNA molecule translocation time is measured to be 2.44 ms at 2°C in both chambers,which is 1.57 times longer than at 20°C.Then the temperature difference effect is characterized in both chambers.The results show that the DNA translocation speed can be slowed down as long as one side temperature is lowered,irrespective of the temperature gradient direction.This indicates that the thermophoretic driving force generated by a temperature gradient has no obvious effect on the threading speed of DNA molecules,while the main reason for the slowed DNA translocation speed is the increased viscosity.Interestingly,the capture rate of DNA molecules is enhanced under a temperature gradient condition,and the capture rate during DNA translocation from hot side at 21°C to cold one at 2°C is 1.7 times larger than that under the condition of both chambers at 20°C.Finally,an optimized configuration is proposed to acquire higher capture rates and lower DNA translocation speeds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.11075069,11075068,91026021 and 11135002)
文摘A new concept of neutron detector based on Gas Electron Multiplier(GEM) technology is presented in this paper,in which a novel multi-layer high density polyethylene(HDPE) as neutron-to-proton converter is proposed and studied with Geant4 toolkit for fast 14 MeV neutron.Our preliminary results show that the detection efficiency of the detector with 400 converter units is higher than 2.3% and reconstruction accuracy of the incident neutron position is higher than 2.6%.
