The slope of indifference curve is known as a marginal rate of substitution （MRS）. MRS defining ratio always describes slope of indifferent curve, i.e. MRS matches the module of indifferent curves slope. Utility fun...The slope of indifference curve is known as a marginal rate of substitution （MRS）. MRS defining ratio always describes slope of indifferent curve, i.e. MRS matches the module of indifferent curves slope. Utility function U（Xl,X2） is used to calculate marginal rate of substitution （MRS）, because MRS gives the slope of appropriate indifference curve, it can be interpreted as a norm, in which costumer is ready to substitute good 1 by small amount of good 2. The word ＂marginal＂ in economic means ＂differential＂. Here we have partial differentiation, because in time of calculation of good l＇s marginal utility the amount of good 2 remains the same. We can calculate MRS in two ways using differential and function. In the first case consider change （akl,ak2） during which utility is unchanged. For the second method let the curve of indifference present by x2 （X1） function. The function shows how many of x2 is needed for each unit of xl to stay on this concrete curve of indifference. We obtain two equations for the term of MRS and budget constraint and two xl and x2 variables. To define the optimal choice of x1 and x2 as a function of the price and income, we need to solve those two equations. The problem of maximization can be solved by using differential.展开更多
Staircase is an important means of vertical transportation. Staircase design exerts a great influence on the aesthetics, transportation efficiency, user comfort and experience level. In this paper, a survey on the sta...Staircase is an important means of vertical transportation. Staircase design exerts a great influence on the aesthetics, transportation efficiency, user comfort and experience level. In this paper, a survey on the staircase rotation preference was conducted, based on the environment behavior studies. Different user frequencies of a pair of scissors stairs in the 2nd teaching building of North China University of Technology were analyzed. The psychological effect was evaluated and quantified, and the user preference on the two staircase rotations was then withdrawn. The survey found that the type of staircase with clockwise upstairs was much more preferred （78%） than the other staircase rotation anti-clock upstairs. Considering different genders, the female shows a 66% higher preference inclination of this type of staircase rotation than the male. To improve the transportation efficiency of the staircase in case of fire, the result of this paper can be very constructive for the evacuation staircase rotation choice for the high-rise buildings.展开更多
文摘The slope of indifference curve is known as a marginal rate of substitution （MRS）. MRS defining ratio always describes slope of indifferent curve, i.e. MRS matches the module of indifferent curves slope. Utility function U（Xl,X2） is used to calculate marginal rate of substitution （MRS）, because MRS gives the slope of appropriate indifference curve, it can be interpreted as a norm, in which costumer is ready to substitute good 1 by small amount of good 2. The word ＂marginal＂ in economic means ＂differential＂. Here we have partial differentiation, because in time of calculation of good l＇s marginal utility the amount of good 2 remains the same. We can calculate MRS in two ways using differential and function. In the first case consider change （akl,ak2） during which utility is unchanged. For the second method let the curve of indifference present by x2 （X1） function. The function shows how many of x2 is needed for each unit of xl to stay on this concrete curve of indifference. We obtain two equations for the term of MRS and budget constraint and two xl and x2 variables. To define the optimal choice of x1 and x2 as a function of the price and income, we need to solve those two equations. The problem of maximization can be solved by using differential.
文摘Staircase is an important means of vertical transportation. Staircase design exerts a great influence on the aesthetics, transportation efficiency, user comfort and experience level. In this paper, a survey on the staircase rotation preference was conducted, based on the environment behavior studies. Different user frequencies of a pair of scissors stairs in the 2nd teaching building of North China University of Technology were analyzed. The psychological effect was evaluated and quantified, and the user preference on the two staircase rotations was then withdrawn. The survey found that the type of staircase with clockwise upstairs was much more preferred （78%） than the other staircase rotation anti-clock upstairs. Considering different genders, the female shows a 66% higher preference inclination of this type of staircase rotation than the male. To improve the transportation efficiency of the staircase in case of fire, the result of this paper can be very constructive for the evacuation staircase rotation choice for the high-rise buildings.
