企业资源的效用度量和匹配测度模型

资源的匹配投入对企业绩效具有重要影响。本文基于效用理论构建了企业有形资源与无形资源的效用度量模型,在此基础上,进一步构建资源匹配测度模型,通过对参数的求解,得出了企业资源投入的效用值及资源间匹配关系。为确保模型设计的可行性与有效性,本文选取了制造业和高技术产业两类行业中的3家汽车企业和2家医药企业的上市公司数据对模型进行了验证分析。结果表明,效用值、匹配值与企业实际的资源投资状况相一致。模型为企业提供了测度资源投资效用与匹配状态的理论依据。

基于效用函数度量的多维效用关联规则挖掘

传统的多维关联规则挖掘过程通常以规则出现的频率来判定规则的有效性,并以支持度与置信度作为度量标准。这种挖掘方法只考虑规则间的统计相关性,忽略了规则自身的语义重要性,即规则能够为商家带来的期望效益。因此在多维关联规则挖掘过程中,引入效用函数作为统计相关性与语义重要性的综合度量指标。效用函数主要从潜在机会、购买概率、期望效益三个方面来度量规则的有效性,潜在机会与购买概率表示统计相关性,期望效益表示语义重要性。结果表明,以效用函数作为度量挖掘出的规则既符合客观上要求的较高频率,又具有主观上期望的较高效益。

基于可度量前提的权数效用假说

在经济学理论体系中,基数效用论和序数效用论自提出以来一直备受争议,有些争议本身有失偏颇,而实际上最大的漏洞在于序数效用论的循环论证。国内有学者对效用模型构建提出了创新的思路,受此启发,文章将权数效用假说建立在效用纯粹化和可度量性的基础上,提出一个利用AHP层次分析法给消费品表征效用权数并与成本比重相比较的方法,进而得出消费者选择商品时的最优考虑。

融合强化学习的三支治略选择及其有效性分析

三支决策的“分、治、效”(TAO)模型包括构建三分、施加策略、结果评估三个部分。目前,关于结果评估的研究旨在衡量策略施加后结果的前后变化,还无法预测施加哪个策略能达到最大效果。为了解决这一问题,对TAO模型的“治”和“效”进行了研究,提出一种基于强化学习的三支改变模型的策略选择与有效性预测的方法。首先将改变三支决策TAO模型中的改变三分状态和策略分别作为强化学习中的状态和动作,并将每次施加策略得到新的改变三分状态的过程看作一个周期,利用累积前景理论计算每个周期产生的奖励,将智能体与环境的交互过程用马尔可夫决策过程来表示;其次设置一个目标奖励,将各个周期的累计奖励达到目标奖励时的状态作为马尔可夫决策过程的终止状态;然后用Q-learning算法迭代出一个最短周期内达到目标奖励的策略序列,同时利用该策略序列预测当前改变三分状态的未来效用。最后使用一个实例体现出该方法实用性和有效性。

面向数据流的一个高效用项集挖掘算法

近年来,在数据流中进行高效用项集挖掘成为一个重要的研究课题。已存在的算法在挖掘过程中产生大量的候选项集,使用户很难从大量候选模式中筛选出有用的信息。针对这种情况,提出一个数据流高效用项集挖掘算法HUIDE(High-Utility Itemsets Over Data Streams)。算法首先综合考虑数据的信息特征,提出一种有效的效用度量方法。然后采用基于时间的滑动窗口技术更加准确地描述数据分布,构建一种树结构HUI-tree(High Utility Itemsets tree)。最后遍历构建的树结构HUI-tree挖掘高效用项集。在人工和真实数据流上的实验结果表明该算法通过扫描一次数据库获取挖掘结果,减少了候选项集的产生及时间和空间的消耗。该算法在数据流中能够有效地挖掘高效用项集。

一种面向移动三支决策模型的有效性度量方法研究

三支决策的基本思想是以"三"思考.随着理论的深入研究,2018年,姚一豫教授提出三支决策的TAO模型(Trisectingacting-outcome),即在原有分治模型基础上,增加了新的要素-"效",形成分(Trisecting)-治(Acting)-效(Outcome)结合的三支决策TAO模型.依托TAO模型,关注于’治’-’效’两步,研究策略施加后模型的有效性.在一类特殊的三支决策模型—基于移动的三支决策模型基础上,提出使用比例效用函数来度量三支决策的有效性,即将决策前后的决策对象变化量和最终状态量的比例值作为效用值.然后分别进行基于对象独立治略,等价类独立治略,区域独立治略的3种治略策略下的三支决策模型有效性度量研究,给出了一种基于比例效用函数的效用度量方法,并通过实例来解释和说明本文提出的模型有效性度量方法.

基于前景理论的路径选择行为规则分析与实证

提出了通过具体的效用度量对出行者路径选择行为进行分析的方法.从传统的期望效用理论和前景理论两个方面,对一份关于出行者路径选择的调查数据进行了分析;验证了出行者群体在不确定环境下进行路径选择时,效用度量是基本决策规则,并且其效用度量体系与前景理论针对一般经济主体的效用度量体系接近.最后借助图形说明了合理设定出行者风险态度水平的重要性.

基因组数据隐私保护理论与方法综述

基因组数据已广泛应用于科学研究、医疗服务、法律与取证和直接面向消费者服务.基因组数据不但可以唯一标识个体,而且与遗传、健康、表型和血缘关系密切关联.此外,基因组数据具有不随时间而变化的稳定性.因此,基因组数据管理不当和滥用将会带来人类所担心的隐私泄露问题.针对此问题,除了相关法律法规的监管以外,隐私保护技术也被用于实现基因组数据的隐私保护.为此,本论文对基因组数据的隐私保护理论与方法进行综述研究.首先,本论文根据基因组测序到应用归纳基因组数据的生态系统,并依据基因组数据特点分析其存在的隐私泄露问题.其次,分类总结和对比分析基因组数据存在的隐私威胁,并陈述重识别风险与共享基因组数据的价值之间的均衡模型.再次,分类概述和对比分析量化基因组数据隐私和效用的度量.然后,分析基因组数据生态系统中测序与存储、共享与聚集及应用的隐私泄露威胁.同时,分类介绍和对比分析用于基因组数据的隐私保护方法.针对基因组数据生态系统中存在的隐私泄露问题,根据所使用的隐私保护方法,分类概括和对比分析目前基因组数据隐私保护的研究成果.最后,通过对比分析已有的基因组数据隐私保护方法,对基因组数据生态系统中基因隐私保护的未来研究挑战进行展望.该工作为解决基因组数据的隐私泄露问题提供基础,进而推动基因组数据隐私保护的研究.

Strategies for Jointly Enhancing Water Use Efficiency and Yield of Crops in the North China Plain

The North China Plain （NCP） is one of the most important agricultural re- gions in China, but it is experiencing a serious water-resource crisis due to exces- sive exploitation of groundwater reserves. Improving water-use efficiency （WUE） of crops is thought to have good potential for conserving groundwater and in maintain- ing high crop production in the region, In this paper, firstly, strategies for improving WUE of crop cultivars in the NCP were discussed. According to studies on key factors affecting cultivar WUE, stomatal conductance, which has large genotypic variability and differs among cultivars in response to drought, is an important physio- logical trait associating closely with the performance of cultivars in WUE and yield. Higher WUE and higher yield may be obtained through strategies of cultivar adop- tion with appropriate stomatal characteristics suitable to different conditions of water availability. Secondly, irrigation scheduling in the North China Plain was further dis- cussed. The irrigation frequency currently employed in this area could be reduced by at least one application （from four to three applications） to obtain higher produc- tion and also higher WUE. Finally, straw mulching and the use of early vigor culti- vats were suggested as two practices that had the potential to be effective in in- creasing crop WUE.

Improved metrics for evaluating fault detection efficiency of test suite

By analyzing the average percent of faults detected （APFD） metric and its variant versions, which are widely utilized as metrics to evaluate the fault detection efficiency of the test suite, this paper points out some limitations of the APFD series metrics. These limitations include APFD series metrics having inaccurate physical explanations and being unable to precisely describe the process of fault detection. To avoid the limitations of existing metrics, this paper proposes two improved metrics for evaluating fault detection efficiency of a test suite, including relative-APFD and relative-APFDc. The proposed metrics refer to both the speed of fault detection and the constraint of the testing source. The case study shows that the two proposed metrics can provide much more precise descriptions of the fault detection process and the fault detection efficiency of the test suite.

Effects of working parameters on gasoline engine exergy balance

To improve the energy utilization efficiency of internal combustion （IC） engine, exergy analysis was conducted on a passenger car gasoline engine. According to the thermodynamic theory of IC engine, in-cylinder exergy balance model was built. The working processes of gasoline engine were simulated by using the GT-power. In this way, the required parameters were calculated and then gasoline engine exergy balance was obtained by programming on computer. On this basis, the influences of various parameters on exergy balance were analyzed. Results show that, the proportions of various forms of exergy in gasoline engine from high to low are irreversible loss, effective work, exhaust gas exergy and heat transfer exergy. Effective exergy proportion fluctuates with cylinder volumetric efficiency at full load, while it always increases with break mean effective pressure （BMEP） at part load. Exhaust gas exergy proportion is more sensitive to speed, and it increases with speed increasing except at the highest speed. The lower proportion of heat transfer exergy appears at high speed and high load. Irreversible loss is mainly influenced by load. At part load, higher BMEP results in lower proportion of irreversible loss; at full load, the proportion of irreversible loss changes little except at the highest speed.

Joint Link Allocation and Rate Assignment Algorithm for Multi-Channel Wireless Networks

This paper presents a link allocation and rate assignment algorithm for multi-channel wireless networks. The objective is to reduce network con-flicts and guarantee the fairness among links. We first design a new network model. With this net-work model, the multi-channel wireless network is divided into several subnets according to the num-ber of channels. Based on this, we present a link allocation algorithm with time complexity O（l^2）to al-locate all links to subnets. This link allocation algo-rithm adopts conflict matrix to minimize the network contention factor. After all links are allocated to subnets, the rate assignment algorithm to maximize a fairness utility in each subnet is presented. The rate assignment algorithm adopts a near-optirml al-gorithm based on dual decomposition and realizes in a distributed way. Simulation results demonstrate that, compared with IEEE 802.11b and slotted see-ded channel hopping algorithm, our algorithm de-creases network conflicts and improves the net-work throughput significantly.

Intrinsic viscosity of polymer solutions: fresh ideas to an old problem

Intrinsic viscosity is one of the most fundamental properties of dilute polymer solutions; its study forms an integral part of the cornerstone of the modern macromolecular theory. However, a general theory applicable to any chain architectures and solvent conditions has remained elusive, due to the formidable challenges in the theoretical treatment of the long-range, many-body and accumulative hydrodynamic effects. Recently, Lijia An and coworkers at the Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has developed a new approach that largely overcomes these challenges. Their new theory provides a simple and unified theoretical framework for describing the intrinsic viscosity of polymers with arbitrary architectures under any solvent conditions and forms the theoretical basis for inferring the polymer chain structure from intrinsic viscosity measurements. Comparisons with existing experimental data yield extensive, quantitative agreement.

Can Nonexchangeable Potassium be Differentiated from Structural Potassium in Soils？

Nonexchangeable K （NEK） is the major portion of the reserve of available K in soil and a primary factor in determining soil K fertility. The questions of how much NEK is in soils and how to quantify total NEK in soils are so far still unclear due to the complicated effects of various minerals on K fixation. In this study, the NEK in 9 soils was extracted with sodium tetraphenylboron （NaBPh4） for various time periods longer than 1 d. The results showed that the NEK extracted by NaBPh4 gradually increased with time, but showed no more increase after the duration of extraction exceeded 10 20 d. As the temperature increased from 25 to 45 ~C, the duration to obtain the maximum extraction of NEK was reduced from 20 to 10 d, and the maximum values of NEK released at both temperatures was almost the same for each soil. The maximum NEK （MNEK） of the 9 soils extracted by NaBPh4 varied from 3074 to 10081 mg kg-1, accounting for 21% 56% of the total soil K. There was no significant correlation between MNEK released by NaBPh4 and other forms of K, such as NH4OAc-extracted K, HNO3-extracted K and total K in soils, which indicates that NEK is a special form of K that has no inevitable relationship to the other forms of K in soils. The MNEK extraction by NaBPh4 in this study indicated that the total NEK in the soils could be differentiated from soil structural K and quantified with the modified NaBPh4 method. The high MNEK in soils made NEK much more important in the role of the plant-available K pool. How to fraetionate NEK into different fractions and establish the methods to quantify each NEK fraction according to their bioavailability is of great importance for future research.

Impacts of Salinity and Nitrogen on the Photosynthetic Rate and Growth of Sunflowers(Helianthus annuus L.)

Understanding the interactions between salinity and fertilizers is of significant importance for enhancing crop yield and fertilizeruse efficiency. In this study a complete block design experiment was performed in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia,China, to evaluate the effects of interactions between soil salinity and nitrogen(N) application rate on sunflower photosynthesis and growth and to determine the optimum N application rate for sunflower growth in the district. Four levels of soil salinity expressed as electrical conductivity(0.33–0.60, 0.60–1.22, 1.2–2.44, and 2.44–3.95 dS m-1) and three application rates of N fertilization(90, 135,and 180 kg ha-1) were applied to 36 micro-plots. Soil salinity inhibited the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, plant height, leaf area, and aboveground dry matter of sunflowers. The intercellular CO2 concentration first decreased and then increased with increasing soil salinity in the seedling stage, and the instantaneous leaf water-use efficiency fluctuated with soil salinity. The stomatal and non-stomatal limitations of sunflowers alternated in the seedling stage; however, in the bud, blooming,and mature stages, the stomatal limitation was prevalent when the salinity level was lower than 2.44 dS m-1, whereas the nonstomatal limitation was predominant above the salinity level. The application of N fertilizer alleviated the adverse effects of salinity on sunflower photosynthesis and growth to some extent. During some key growth periods, such as the seedling and bud stages, a moderate N application rate(135 kg ha-1) resulted in the maximum photosynthetic rate and yielded the maximum dry matter. We suggest a moderate N application rate(135 kg ha-1) for the Hetao Irrigation District and other sunflower-growing areas with similar ecological conditions.