Abstract： Nowadays energy saving and environmental protection are crucial issues in the international society. One of the best solutions for both issues is to improve energy efficiency. To improve energy efficiency, ...Abstract： Nowadays energy saving and environmental protection are crucial issues in the international society. One of the best solutions for both issues is to improve energy efficiency. To improve energy efficiency, it is commonly recognized by both standards and energy sectors that Minimum Energy Performance Standards （MEPS） could play an important role . China and the USA, the top two energy consumption countries in the world, both have adopted MEPS program to address the problem of energy conservation and environmental protection. This paper analyzes and compares the two countries＇ MEPS programs from a historical and legal context, examining the role of different stakeholders in the process,the process, the outcomes by standards,and then makes some recommendations for both sides.展开更多
The transformation of the development China＇s privatization of city public utilities？ vigorously promote the government function, however, the relative monopoly administrative operation system, functions decentraliz...The transformation of the development China＇s privatization of city public utilities？ vigorously promote the government function, however, the relative monopoly administrative operation system, functions decentralized system of government regulation and legal system construction is lagging behind, can making the privatization process easily lead to the emergence of efficient generalization, must be identified and avoided. This paper presents efficient generalization of privatization of public utility of our country city in measure, and analyzes the performance efficiency of the three resulting generalization.展开更多
Objective：To evaluate clinical outcome of suture anchors in strengthening both acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments in the surgical treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation.Methods：Twenty-eight p...Objective：To evaluate clinical outcome of suture anchors in strengthening both acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments in the surgical treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation.Methods：Twenty-eight patients with acute traumatic Rockwood Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ dislocations of the acromioclavicular joint surgically treated at our institute between October 2010 and January 2012 were recruited.All patients underwent open reduction combined with suture anchors.Function was evaluated using the ConstantMurley shoulder score.Clinical and radiographic shoulder ratings were evaluated using Taft criteria at 3,6 and 12 months.Results：Two cases with fixation loosening were not included in final statistical analysis.Other patients obtained full joint reposition on immediate postoperative radiographs.Follow-up was performed with an average of 15.6 months （range,12-19）.After early range of motion exercises,96.2％ of the patients （25/26） could abduct and elevate their shoulders more than 90 degrees within postoperative 3 months.There was no infection.Average Constant-Murley score was 96.3 points （range,94-100）and mean Taft shoulder rating was 10.7 points （range,8-12） at 12 months.Conclusion：The suture anchor is a relatively simple technique and can avoid screw removal which is helpful in reconstructing both acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments in acute traumatic acromioclavicular joint dislocation.展开更多
95 g/kin is the allowed quantity of CO2 emission normalized to NEDC to be set in 2020. In addition, NEDC will be replaced by more severe driving cycles and will be united worldwide. To respond to those criteria, autom...95 g/kin is the allowed quantity of CO2 emission normalized to NEDC to be set in 2020. In addition, NEDC will be replaced by more severe driving cycles and will be united worldwide. To respond to those criteria, automotive industries are working on every possible field. Thermal management has been proved to be effective in reducing fuel consumption. Cold start is a primordial reason of ovcrconsumption, as the engine highest efficiency is at its optimal temperature. At cold start, the engine＇s oil is at its lowest temperature and thus its higher viscosity level. A high viscosity oil generates more friction, which is one of the most important heat losses in the engine. In th/s paper, hot oil storage is studied. Numerical simulations on GT-suite model were done. The model consists of a 4-cylinder turbocharged Diesel engine using a storage volume of 1 liter of hot oil. Ambient temperature vari- ation were taken into consideration as well as different driving cycles. Furthermore, different configurations of the thermal strategy （multifunction oil sump） were proposed and evaluated. Lubricant temperature and viscosity profiles are presented in the article as well as fuel consumption savings for different configurations, driving cycles and ambient temperatures.展开更多
文摘Abstract： Nowadays energy saving and environmental protection are crucial issues in the international society. One of the best solutions for both issues is to improve energy efficiency. To improve energy efficiency, it is commonly recognized by both standards and energy sectors that Minimum Energy Performance Standards （MEPS） could play an important role . China and the USA, the top two energy consumption countries in the world, both have adopted MEPS program to address the problem of energy conservation and environmental protection. This paper analyzes and compares the two countries＇ MEPS programs from a historical and legal context, examining the role of different stakeholders in the process,the process, the outcomes by standards,and then makes some recommendations for both sides.
文摘The transformation of the development China＇s privatization of city public utilities？ vigorously promote the government function, however, the relative monopoly administrative operation system, functions decentralized system of government regulation and legal system construction is lagging behind, can making the privatization process easily lead to the emergence of efficient generalization, must be identified and avoided. This paper presents efficient generalization of privatization of public utility of our country city in measure, and analyzes the performance efficiency of the three resulting generalization.
文摘Objective：To evaluate clinical outcome of suture anchors in strengthening both acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments in the surgical treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation.Methods：Twenty-eight patients with acute traumatic Rockwood Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ dislocations of the acromioclavicular joint surgically treated at our institute between October 2010 and January 2012 were recruited.All patients underwent open reduction combined with suture anchors.Function was evaluated using the ConstantMurley shoulder score.Clinical and radiographic shoulder ratings were evaluated using Taft criteria at 3,6 and 12 months.Results：Two cases with fixation loosening were not included in final statistical analysis.Other patients obtained full joint reposition on immediate postoperative radiographs.Follow-up was performed with an average of 15.6 months （range,12-19）.After early range of motion exercises,96.2％ of the patients （25/26） could abduct and elevate their shoulders more than 90 degrees within postoperative 3 months.There was no infection.Average Constant-Murley score was 96.3 points （range,94-100）and mean Taft shoulder rating was 10.7 points （range,8-12） at 12 months.Conclusion：The suture anchor is a relatively simple technique and can avoid screw removal which is helpful in reconstructing both acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments in acute traumatic acromioclavicular joint dislocation.
文摘95 g/kin is the allowed quantity of CO2 emission normalized to NEDC to be set in 2020. In addition, NEDC will be replaced by more severe driving cycles and will be united worldwide. To respond to those criteria, automotive industries are working on every possible field. Thermal management has been proved to be effective in reducing fuel consumption. Cold start is a primordial reason of ovcrconsumption, as the engine highest efficiency is at its optimal temperature. At cold start, the engine＇s oil is at its lowest temperature and thus its higher viscosity level. A high viscosity oil generates more friction, which is one of the most important heat losses in the engine. In th/s paper, hot oil storage is studied. Numerical simulations on GT-suite model were done. The model consists of a 4-cylinder turbocharged Diesel engine using a storage volume of 1 liter of hot oil. Ambient temperature vari- ation were taken into consideration as well as different driving cycles. Furthermore, different configurations of the thermal strategy （multifunction oil sump） were proposed and evaluated. Lubricant temperature and viscosity profiles are presented in the article as well as fuel consumption savings for different configurations, driving cycles and ambient temperatures.
