邮政代理“新农保”业务探析

"新农保"是国家出台的一项重大惠民政策,代理"新农保"业务对邮政拓展农村金融市场,促进新农村建设具有十分重要的意义。文章介绍了江苏省高邮市邮政局独家代理"新农保"业务的运作经验,以期深度拓展农村金融市场。

Cost-benefit analysis of esophageal cancer endoscopic screening in high-risk areas of China

AIM:To estimate the cost-benefit of endoscopic screening strategies of esophageal cancer(EC)in high-risk areas of China. METHODS:Markov model-based analyses were conducted to compare the net present values(NPVs)and the benefit-cost ratios(BCRs)of 12 EC endoscopic screening strategies.Strategies varied according to the targeted screening age,screening frequencies,and follow-up intervals.Model parameters were collected from population-based studies in China,published literatures,and surveillance data. RESULTS:Compared with non-screening outcomes,all strategies with hypothetical 100 000 subjects saved life years.Among five dominant strategies determined by the incremental cost-effectiveness analysis,screening once at age 50 years incurred the lowest NPV(international dollar-I$55 million)and BCR(2.52).Screening six times between 40-70 years at a 5-year interval[i.e., six times(40)f-strategy]yielded the highest NPV(I$99 million)and BCR(3.06).Compared with six times(40)fstrategy,screening thrice between 40-70 years at a 10-year interval resulted in relatively lower NPV,but the same BCR. CONCLUSION:EC endoscopic screening is cost-beneficial in high-risk areas of China.Policy-makers should consider the cost-benefit,population acceptance,and local economic status when choosing suitable screening strategies.

Environmental Benefits for Phase-Out HCFC-22 in the Residential Air-Conditioner Sector in China

China is the largest producer and consumer of hydrochlorofluorocarbons （HCFCs）, and the production of HCFC-22 accounts for more than 80% of all HCFCs. This paper concentrates on the residential air-conditioner industry and analyzes the environmental benefits of accelerating the phase-out of HCFC-22 in China. According to the comparison of the baseline and phase-out scenarios of HCFC-22, the findings show that using HC-290 （propane） as a refrigerant alternative will directly reduce the greenhouse effect, and indirectly reduce the emission of greenhouse gases due to a reduction in the electricity consumption. The comparison of two scenarios of HC-290 and HFC-410A refrigerant alternatives shows that the use of HC-290 refrigerant will produce significantly higher environmental benefits than the HFC-410A refrigerant.

Cost-benefit timing for applying slurry seal on actual roadway tests in China

Determining the optimal timing is the core of preventive maintenance. Highway agencies always face with the challenge of determining optimal timing for preventive maintenance, particularly in China where there are no condition indicators designed for determining adequate timing for applying preventive maintenance and little literature relating to the development of pavement performance. This work presented the indicators, including crack ratio （Rc）, rutting depth （DR）, international roughness index （IIR） and sideway force coefficient （CsF） to determine the adequate timing for preventive maintenance in China. The proper ranges of each indicator to apply to preventive maintenance were then recommended. They are 0.28%-1.4% for Rc, 10-15 mm for DR, 1.97-3.5 for lrR, 40--50 for CSF. Based on pavement condition survey data collected on the test roads in Hebei Province, China, on the application of slurry seal at different timings, the pavement performance was established and the adequate timings for applying slurry seal was studied. Based on benefit-cost analysis, it is suggested that the fourth year is the optimal timing for applying slurry seal based on the condition in China. A framework is established to determine the adequate timings of applying other preventive maintenance methods.

Research on the Competitive Power of the Industrial Clusters in China

Industrial clusters have been an important phenomenon of the global economy. The most important reason for its becoming the focus of people＇s attention and the popular mode of industry programming is continuous and powerful competitiveness ,The article analyzes this competitiveness, and points out some problems of China＇s industrial clusters, which directly affects its current competitiveness and further development. Finally, we propose stone specific measures of those problems.

Mining

China MOC:steel prices to keep low in China China Ministry of Commerce expects domestic steel prices to keep low in the near future amid the soft market demand and exces- sive reserves of steel plants. Steel prices from November 10 to 19 fell by 2.7%,0.9% age point more than the drop rate of the previous week.

Empirical Research on the Relationship between Best Corporation Practices and Environmental Performance

Is the adoption of best practice in business associated with improved environmental performance？ And what methods can he used to assess and compare the environmental practices and performance of different companies？ In this paper, through case anatysis, the business environmental practices and performance of five companies in the manufacturing sector were examined and scored. Assessing these companies practices and performance according to “The best practice model” designed by Australian Manufacturing Council （AMC. 1994）. The finding shows that there is strong correlation between environmental practices and performance of companies （r=0.85, p〈0.05）, and indicates that corporate paying attention to environmental issue will improve its all performances in business.

Cost of two different therapies for end-stage renal disease in northwest China

Currently,the growing number of end-stage renal disease patients in developing countries consumes a greater proportion of healthcare budget,and increasing attention is being focused on the cost-effectiveness of the procedure.We aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of living-related renal transplantation (RTx) as compared with that for hemodialysis (HD) and identify medical factors associated with charges for RTx in northwestern China.This study was a retrospective analysis of 372 patients on regular HD and 122 living-related kidney transplant recipients on regular follow-up for at least 3 years in northwestern China.All data on charges included HD procedure,RTx procedure,the cost for donor operation,immunosuppression,and follow-up medicare.The average annual cost to all patients on HD and kidney recipients during the first 3 years after RTx was $14482/$31027,$13502/$11038,and $13382/$10243,respectively.The three variables were found to be significant in predicting increased costs for RTx:diltiazem administration,acute rejection and infection complications.We concluded that from the second year on,RTx in China was more effective and less costly than dialysis treatment,although recipients without diltiazem administration and with acute rejection or infection proved costlier during the first year after transplantation.

A Cost-Benefit Analysis of the EU＇s Anti- Dumping Measures against China

Chinese products are major targets of the European Union （ EU）＇s anti-dumping measures. By making an empirical analysis using official data published by the Statistical Office of the European Commission （ Eurostat）, the authors conclude the EU＇s anti-dumping actions may not necessarity be helpful, Instead, the actions impose a high cost on EU consummers and make EU enterprises＇ costs rise.Eventually, Chinese enterprises will suffer a heavy toll and EU enterprises will also suffer from weakened competiveness.

Adopting A.pintoi as Live Mulch for Peach Orchards in China:Benefits of Soil and Water Conservation and Comprehensive Eco-service

Soil erosion occurred in orchards has often attracted extensive attentions from the society with environmental considerations,as orchard is one of major methods of agricultural production in China.In the hilly red soil region of China,many orchards are established on slope lands with a lack of grass covers,leading to severe soil losses.In order to mitigate this common environmental problem and evaluate the efficiency of erosion-control approaches,four treatments were set in field plots in this study,including terraced peach orchard with Arachis pintoi cv.Amarillo as mulch and Paspalum natatu and Digitariasmutsii as hedgerows(TTM),terraced peach orchard without conservation measures(TTW),sloping peach orchard with A.pintoi as mulch and P.natatu and Digitariasmutsii as hedgerows(STM),and sloping peach orchard without conservation measures(STW).The surface runoff,sediment yields and the contents of soil nutrients and organic carbon were monitored in the four treatments and the comprehensive eco-service benefits were further evaluated.The results indicate that available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),total nitrogen(TN) and organic matter(OM) in the soils of the TTM treatments and STM were significantly higher than those of the treatments TTW and STW,suggesting positive effects of the vegetation covers on the soil nutrients.Mean annual surface runoff and coefficient ranged from 0.86 to 34.79 m^3,and 0.007 to 0.282,respectively;the treatment TTM exhibited the best water conservation benefits and the treatment STW was the worst.Soil erosion modulus of the plots were 0-28.76t/hm^2 per year in average,and the treatments TTM and STM reduced significantly soil loss in comparison of the treatments TTW and STW;(d) total organic carbon in the vegetation covers ranged from 130.23 to 195.93 kg per year,and that for TTM and STM treatment significantly higher than TTW and STW treatment;comprehensive eco-service values of the orchards were evaluated considering all the factors including water conservation,soil fertility conservation,CO_2 fixation and O_2 supply,ranging from 563.35 $/y to 765.51 $/y.As expected,the treatments TTM and STM had significantly greater eco-service values than the treatments TTW and STW.In summary,we concluded that terraced orchard with A.pintoi as live mulch plus Paspalum natatu and Digitariasmutsii as hedgerows is a highly sustainable land use practice for the slope lands in red soil hilly region of China.

Analysis of the Clean Development Mechanism Considering the Environmental Co-benefits of Reducing Air Pollutants in China

An electricity generation planning model of the six major Chinese power grids was developed based on the General Algebraic Modeling System to evaluate and analyze the CDM （clean development mechanism）, including consideration of the environmental co-benefits of reductions in air pollutants （SO~, NO~ and particulate matter） achieved by advanced electricity generation technologies incorporating CCS （carbon capture and storage）. An objective function was developed that included revenue from sales of electric power, total system cost, the cost of CO2 transport and storage, and emissions reduction co-benefits for SOx, NO~, and particulate matter. The objective function was minimized using an optimization model. We also developed a method for evaluating and analyzing the potential for transferring advanced power generation technologies into the Chinese power system through the CDM. We found that： （1） thermal power generation is predominant in the Chinese electricity system and will remain so for a long time; （2） advanced thermal plants are being installed as a result of the CDM, which contribute to decreasing emissions of CO2 and other air pollutants; and （3） CCS projects have significant potential to reduce substantial and sustained CO2 emissions from the Chinese power and industrial sectors.

深入、深入、再深入——《洋种子，中国效益农业的焦虑》采写札记

广播述评《洋种子，中国效益农业的焦虑》(以下简称“洋种子”)，在2001年度的优秀作品评奖中，被评为浙江省广播电视新闻一等奖，浙江省新闻奖一等奖，飘萍奖最佳评论奖。回顾作品的创作过程，感受与思考一齐涌来。去年7、8、9三个月，我们一直奔波在嘉兴等地，为的是采写《为了总书记的嘱托》一稿。1998年金秋10月，江泽民总书记到江浙沪地区考察农业，他在嘉兴提出：“沿海地区要率先基本实现农业现代化”，三年过去了，沿海地区的农业现代化怎么样了，总书记的指示落实得怎么样，这一直是我们所牵挂的。

Expanding the US-China cooperation on service programs： New opportunities for both countries

For years, the US and China have cooperated closely on manufacturing programs, which helps China become the world manufacturing center. While they both have gained much from the cooperation, there are also increasing frictions, disputes, complains and dissatisfaction with each other because of the huge trade unbalance problem and other significant issues. The US is eager to expand export to China, but China seems hesitating to decide what to import from the US. This paper presents an analysis about the benefits of the US-China cooperation with a primary focus on the service sector, which remains a large and untapped opportunity for China. The goal of the paper is to explore a new route to relieve the trade balance issues as they separately impact both nations. While focusing on analyzing several immediate opportunities, the paper also investigates several new ideas that rest on technology as well as entrepreneurial development.

江苏开元轻工品牌塑造之路

江苏开元国际集团轻工业品进出口股份有限公司(原江苏轻工,以下简称开元轻工)是具有20多年经营历史的专业外贸公司。总资产近10亿元人民币,连续多年位列中国进出口额最大500家企业的前百强。近年来,公司被外经贸部授予”全国对外经贸优秀企业”、被国有资产管理局和中国经济效益纵深行委员会评选为”中国国有企业500强”,又被中国质量协会评为”全国质量效益先进企业“,出口市场遍布世界各地。开元轻工自成立以来,已培育出数十个较有名气的商标。

Vascular trauma： selected historical reflections from the western world

In the spirit of international exchanges of knowledge with colleagues from all over the world, who are interested in the care and treatment of vascular trauma, we offer selected historical reflections from the western world on vascular trauma. Whereas there are a number of key individuals and a variety of events that are important to us in our writing, we know essentially nothing about what is written by other cultures and, particularly, the Chinese. It is well recognized around the world that Chinese surgeons are among the first to be highly successful in re-plantation of severed extremities, repairing both injured arteries and veins. Also, we recognize that there are contributions in other parts of the world, which are not well known to us collectively. Contributions from the Arabic speaking part of the world come to mind because there is periodic brief reference. We offer our perspective hoping that there will be one or more Chinese surgeons who will offer us the benefit of sharing their perspective on important historical contribu- tions to the managing of vascular trauma outside of the western world, and, particularly, the English speaking literature. Once again, we encourage our colleagues in the Arabic speaking world to provide us with their perspective of the development and management of vascular trauma.

Responsible Research and Innovation and Its Implications for China

Responsible research and innovation （RRI） represents a new evotvtng approach to governing research and innovation that takes into account potential impacts on the environment and society. Most published studies on RRI focus on the social benefits of research and innovation through examining RRI＇s definitions and approaches for its implementation. In contrast, the present study addresses the influence of RRI on economic growth, and discusses the situations in which RRI will benefit economies. Our study finds that for its implementation to be successful RRI needs to meet certain conditions, and that its implementation is not always beneficial to economic growth. To achieve a better result from RRI as part of an innovation policy, each country should balance the push and pull power of RRI to make sure that it becomes a building block rather than a stumbling block for innovation, economic growth and social welfare. To assure that RRI can be successfully implemented, China needs to strengthen and improve the participation mechanisms for stakeholders in major scientific and technological innovative activities.