集团化办学的效能转换及其实现

名校办学高效能如何实现在普通校之间的转换是决定集团化办学水平和效果的关键一环。集团化办学效能转换呈现出目的性、整体性、合作性、适合性、复杂性和长期性等特点。推进集团化办学效能转换要坚守育人为本的立场、确立互动共生的关系、提升关键人物的素养、优化多元治理的生态、发挥技术赋能教育的优势。

“互联网+”模式下媒介的融合迭代与效能转换

媒介融合时代,各种形态的媒介终端不断涌现,是传统媒体与互联网结合的产物。而用户跨屏收看电视节目注意力分散,对电视单一介质的收视率评估,已经不能反映节目的全貌。本文结合市场营销学与传播学知识,将媒介视为传播信号的渠道,按照渠道关系理论将媒体关系划分为四种类型,并试图计算不同渠道的传播效能转化率,从而全面评价节目的跨平台影响力。得出传播效能的聚合与转化是当下媒体研究的关键点。文章最后认为从"互联网+"到"传媒+"是媒体发展的高级阶段,并提出了传媒与传统行业结合五种可能的盈利模式。

城市治理中新“领导交办”的内涵审视与效能逻辑

城市治理中新“领导交办”的本质是整合了“条块”体制的内部动员与执行体系,而非传统“领导交办”的简单迁移。通过城市精细化治理的现实背景、提升治理效能初始动因下的新“领导交办”生成历程来审视其内涵,可以发现它历经注意力驱动、新格局搭建、强大动员力生成三步走而实现了城市治理效能的转换,其中尤以在“制度‘硬约束’+领导‘软约束’”的外部约束与“晋升‘实激励’+心理‘虚激励’”的内在激励构成的“约束—激励”平衡机制作用下生成的强大动员力最为关键,也正是这种强大的动员力带来的强劲执行力完成了城市治理效能的最终转换。

要素禀赋理论下真烟异常流动研究

烟草行业高质量发展离不开烟草专卖的高效能治理。为保证烟草市场高效、稳定的发展,必须提高对真烟异常流动管理的重视度,及时采取有效的管控措施,避免消除烟草市场无序竞争的因素。以要素禀赋理论为基础,对真烟异常流动的原因、影响等进行分析。从供需、管治等维度入手,探究避免在真烟异常流动过程中产生“涟漪效应”的方法,强化真烟异常流动治理,以促进烟草市场的稳定发展。

基于网民观点能量的群体极化分析

网络舆情演化中的群体极化是个复杂系统,本文运用复杂系统动态行为研究工具——元胞自动机原理,分析网民个体观点的相互作用和影响,提出网民个体观点的元胞能量概念,构建个体元胞观点能量的测度指标和效能转换模型;根据观点能量级别的不同,将网民分成从众网民、普通网民、领袖网民和潜水网民四种类型,同时对这四种不同能量级别的个体元胞影响下的网络舆情群体极化现象展开定性分析,并分别提出相应的策略建议。

天然硬阔叶林生态产品价值评估与财政补贴方案研究

基于广东省天然硬阔叶林经营数据,根据森林资源资产评估理论、天然林山林价等相关研究成果,对不同林龄时点的现有和潜力天然林进行评估,以资源资产化和价值货币化的方式衡量其可实现的各种生态产品价值。在当前天然林保护工程的背景下,提出政府财政补贴作为实现天然林生态产品价值最优途径的建议。该补贴方案可以分为:补贴因生态效能提升导致山林价增值的经济转换价值;补偿或资助由于限伐或停伐导致的经营损失;补助成熟可更新择伐但受限制无法实施的林木经济损失。基于机会成本原理,提出限伐或停伐后科学、公平和公正的财政补贴标准,并与当前实施的标准进行了比较,发现当前标准严重偏低,存在提升潜力的空间。通过实证分析可知:采用的方法科学合理,可为制定和修订生态效益财政补偿政策提供技术参考,并为自然保护地建设中集体和个人天然林木的流转赎买提供理论支撑;也可为自然保护地的生态资产公共价值核算提供实用的方法借鉴。

Organic Photovoltaic Cells with Improved Performance Using Bathophenanthroline as a Buffer Layer

The role of bathophenanthroline （Bphen） as a buffer layer inserted between fullerene （C60） and Ag cathode in organic photovoltaic （OPV） cell was discussed. By introducing Bphen as a buffer layer with thicknes from 0 to 2.5 nm, the power conversion efficiency of the OPV cell based on copper phthalocyanine （CuPc） and C60 was increased from 0.87% to 2.25% under AM 1.5 solar illumination at an intensity of 100 mW/cm^2, which was higher than that of bathocuproine used as a buffer layer. The photocurrent-voltage characteristics showed that Bphen effectively improves electron transport through C60 layer into Ag electrode and leads to balance charge carrier transport capability. The influence of Bphen thickness on OPV cells was also investigated. Furthermore, the absorption spectrum shows that an additional Bphen layer enhances the light harvest capability of CuPc/C60.

Numerical study of effect of front cavity on hydrogen/air premixed combustion in a micro-combustion chamber

The micro-combustion chamber is the key component for micro-TPV systems. To improve the combustor wall temperature level and its uniformity and efficiency, an improved flat micro-combustor with a front cavity is built, and the combustion performance of the original and improved combustors of premixed H2/air flames under various inlet velocities and equivalence ratios is numerically investigated. The effects of the front cavity height and length on the outer wall temperature and efficiency are also discussed. The front cavity significantly improves the average outer wall temperature, outer wall temperature uniformity, and combustion efficiency of the micro-combustor, increases the area of the high temperature zone, and enhances the heat transfer between the burned blends and inner walls. The micro-combustor with the front cavity length of 2.0 mm and height of 0.5 mm is suitable for micro-TPV system application due to the relatively high outer wall temperature, combustion efficiency, and the most uniform outer wall temperature.

Effect of culture methods on individual variation in the growth of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus within a cohort and family

There is substantial individual variation in the growth rates of sea cucumber Apostiehopus japonicus individuals. This necessitates additional work to grade the seed stock and lengthens the production period. We evaluated the influence of three culture methods （free-mixed, isolated-mixed, isolated-alone） on individual variation in growth and assessed the relationship between feeding, energy conversion efficiency, and individual growth variation in individually cultured sea cucumbers. Of the different culture methods, animals grew best when reared in the isolated-mixed treatment （i.e., size classes were held separately）, though there was no difference in individual variation in growth between rearing treatment groups. The individual variation in growth was primarily attributed to genetic factors. The difference in food conversion efficiency caused by genetic differences among individuals was thought to be the origin of the variance. The level of individual growth variation may be altered by interactions among individuals and environmental heterogeneity. Our results suggest that, in addition to traditional seed grading, design of a new kind of substrate that changes the spatial distribution of sea cucumbers would effectively enhance growth and reduce individual variation in growth of sea cucumbers in culture.

A new low-bandgap polymer acceptor based on benzotriazole for efficient all-polymer solar cells

The rational design of polymer acceptors with strong and broad absorption is critical to improve photovoltaic performance.In this work,a new polymer acceptor PY9-T based on heptacyclic benzotriazole(Y9-C16)as a building block and thiophene unit as the linking unit was synthesized,which exhibited a low bandgap(1.37 eV)and a high extinction coefficient of the neat film(1.44×10^(5) cm^(−1)).When PY9-T was blended with the wide bandgap polymer donor PBDB-T,the all-polymer solar cells(APSCs)showed a high power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 10.45%with both high open circuit voltage of 0.881 V and short-circuit current density of 19.82 mA/cm^(2).In addition,APSCs based on PY9-T show good thermal stability,as evidenced by slight changes morphologies when annealed at 100℃.These results suggest that Y9-C16 provides a new building block to develop efficient and stable polymer acceptors.

A novel ring vibrating gyroscope based on side piezo-electrodes

Solid-state wave gyroscope is one kind of high-performance vibrating gyroscopes. The present work develops a new type of solid-state wave gyroscope—a ring vibrating gyroscope driven by piezo-electrodes located on the sidewall of the structure. It has advantages of large vibrating amplitude, high energy conversion efficiency and compact structure. The working principle of the piezoelectric ring vibrating gyroscope is based on the inertia effect of the standing wave in the axisymmetric resonator caused by Coriolis force. The finite element method(FEM) analysis has been implemented to characterize the ring type resonator. The prototypal gyroscope was manufactured and has been trimmed by mechanical way. The harmonic response of the ring vibrating gyroscope has been tested. The resonating frequency of the ring type resonator is 3715.6 Hz and the frequency split of the two working modes before trimming was about 5 Hz and was reduced to sub-0.01 Hz after trimming procedure. The Q-factor of the ring type resonator was 2504. Then, the turntable experiment was implemented. The measured scale factor k is 9.24 m V/[(°)·s] and the full scale range of the gyroscope is larger than ±300(°)/s.

Selection of organic Rankine cycle working fluid based on unit-heat-exchange-area net power

To improve energy conversion efficiency, optimization of the working fluids in organic Rankine cycles(ORCs) was explored in the range of low-temperature heat sources. The concept of unit-heat-exchange-area(UHEA) net power, embodying the cost/performance ratio of an ORC system, was proposed as a new indicator to judge the suitability of ORC working fluids on a given condition. The heat exchange area was computed by an improved evaporator model without fixing the minimum temperature difference between working fluid and hot fluid, and the flow pattern transition during heat exchange was also taken into account. The maximum UHEA net powers obtained show that dry organic fluids are more suitable for ORCs than wet organic fluids to recover low-temperature heat. The organic fluid 1-butene is recommended if the inlet temperature of hot fluid is 353.15-363.15 K or443.15-453.15 K, heptane is more suitable at 373.15-423.15 K, and R245 ca is a good option at 483.15-503.15 K.

Application of micro/nanoscale thermal radiation to thermophotovoltaic system

Thermophotovoltaic （TPV） system has been regarded as one promising means to alleviate current energy demand because it can directly generate electricity from radiation heat via photons. However, the presently available TPV systems suffer from low conversion efficiency and low throughput. A viable solution to increase their efficiency is to apply micro/nanoscale radiation principles in the design of different components to utilize the characteristics ~f thermal radiation at small distances and in microstructures. Several critical issues are reviewed, such as photovoltaic effect, quantum efficiency and efficiency of TPV system. Emphasis is given to the development of wavelength-selective emitters and filters and the aspects of micro/nanoscale heat transfer. Recent progress, along with the challenges and opportunities for future development of TPV systems are also outlined.

Patterning of Poly（3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene）： Poly（Styrenesulfonate） Films via the Rubbing Method in Organic Photovoltaic Cells

OPV （Organic photovoltaic） cells represent a compelling candidate for renewable energy by solar energy conversion. In recent years, versatile light-trapping measures via structures have been intensively explored to optimize photovoltaic performance. In this work, a unique rubbing technique is demonstrated to create nanoscale grooves on the PEDOT：PSS [poly（3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene）： poly（styrenesulfonate）] surface and the grating-like features are 500 nm wide and 10 nm deep. The PEDOT：PSS film with grooved surface is used as buffer layers for OPV cell devices based on a P3HT：PCBM bulk heterojunction. The patterned surface has a profound effect on carrier mobility, light trapping, and hole collection efficiency, leading to an increase in the short circuit density, filling factor, and power conversion efficiency. These results indicate the feasibility of the rubbing method can be applicable to high-efficiency OPV cells.

Overview of Concentrated Solar Power

CSP （concentrated solar power） has been viewed as the technology that if properly developed could lead to a large scale conversion of solar energy into electricity. CSP is a type of solar energy converter that is classified as thermal converter because the output power produced is a function of the operating temperature. The main components of a CSP plant are the solar field which is made up of the heliostat arrays, the receiver tower, the heat transfer fluid, the molten salt thermal energy storage tanks and the power conversion unit, which is made up of the turbine and the generator. The main advantage of CSP is that of a cheap thermal storage （i.e., molten salt storage） which makes it possible to dispatch power at a cost comparable to the grid electricity. Simulations run with the SAM （systems advisory model） developed by NREL （National Renewable Energy Laboratory） showed that CSP is capable of delivering electricity at the cost of 17UScents per kWh for the 30-year life of the plant. The main disadvantage of CSP however, is that of low efficiency （8%-16%）. There are ongoing research works to improve the efficiency of the CSP. One way to improve the efficiency is to increase the operating temperature of the system. In this paper, the authors discussed different modules of the CSP plant and suggested ways to improve on the conversion efficiencies of individual modules. Finally, an overall systems performance simulation is carried using SAM and the simulation results show that electricity can be produced using CSP at the cost of RI.05 per kWh.

Effect of Substrate Temperature on Optical Characteristics of Silver Island Films for Harvesting Solar Energy

Due to their particular optical characteristics,metallic island films have the potential to significantly increase the energy conversion efficiency of solar cell.We experimentally and theoretically investigated the effect of substrate temperature on the morphologies and optical properties of the silver island films.At low temperature,below 300 ℃,as the substrate temperature increases.Compared to the films prepared at room temperature,the sizes of nanoparticles decrease and the Absorption peaks shift to shorter wavelength accompanied by an increase density resulting in a 150% Absorption efficiency.As the substrate temperature goes up to 300 ℃,nanoparticles with larger in-plan(X-Y)dimensions are formed,the number density decreases and the Absorption peaks redshift but the Absorption efficiency is still 10% higher.Numerical simulation reveals that these behaviors are a consequence of morphologies transformation.

Study of Back Contacts for CdTe Solar Cells

ZnTe/ZnTe∶Cu layer is used as a complex back contact. The parameters of CdTe solar cells with and without the complex back contacts are compared. The effects of un-doped layer thickness, doped concentration and post-deposition annealing temperature of the complex layer on solar cells performance are investigated.The results show that ZnTe/ZnTe∶Cu layer can improve back contacts and largely increase the conversion efficiency of CdTe solar cells. Un-doped layer and post-deposition annealing of high temperature can increase open voltage. Using the complex back contact, a small CdTe cell with fill factor of 73.14% and conversion efficiency of 12.93% is obtained.

Multistage Stack with Multiple Pore Radii Applying the Temperature Gradient to a Thermoacoustic Engine

Conventional thermoacoustic engines have a stack pore radius that is almost constant in the axial direction. Hence, a thermoacoustic engine is expected to improve the energy conversion efficiency using a multistage stack with multiple pore radii. The stack comprises several bundles of numerous narrow tubes with specified pore radii. The optimum pore radius of the stack is determined by the oscillation frequency and the temperature in the stack. Consequently, the suitable pore radius changes in the axial direction, because the temperature gradient exists along the stack axis. Therefore, a multistage stack with multiple pore radii is introduced, which achieves a desired optimum pore radius everywhere in the stack. The energy conversion efficiency of the multistage stack, which was studied experimentally for a straight-tube type thermoacoustic engine, was compared with that of a conventional single-stage stack. In these experiments, the improvement of the energy conversion efficiency was confirmed. A numerical method with the transmittance matrix to include the effect of a multistage stack was used, and good agreement between experimental and numerical results was obtained. The results make a future possibilities for stack design intended to higher thermoacoustic engine efficiency expect.

A Study on Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics of Six Rare and Endangered Species

The parameters of gas exchange and chlorophyl fluorescence in leaves of six rare and endangered species Neolitsea sericea, Cinnamomum japonicum var. cheni , Sinojackia microcarpa, Discocleidion glabrum var. trichocarpum, Parrotia sub-aequalis, Cercidiphyl um japonicum were measured in fields. The results showed that there were significant differences in photosynthetic capacity, intrinsic water use effi-ciency （WUEi ）, the efficiency of primary conversion of light energy of PSⅡ and its potential activity, the quantum yield of PSⅡ electron transport, and the potential ca-pacity of heat dissipation among the six species. However, there was no significant difference in WUE. The highest values of net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, transpiration rate （Tr） and stomatal conductance （gs） occurred in D. glabrum var. trichocarpum and the lowest in S. microcarpa. On the contrary, D. glabrum var. trichocarpum had the lowest WUE, intrinsic water use efficiency （WUEi ） and S. microcarpa had the highest. The results indicated that D. glabrum var. trichocarpum had higher photo-synthetic capacity and poorer WUE, while S. microcarpa had lower photosynthetic capacity and greater WUE. Furthermore, the mean values of maximal fluorescence （Fm）, potential efficiency of primary conversion of light energy of PSⅡ （Fv/Fm）,ΦPSⅡ, actual efficiency of primary conversion of light energy of PSⅡ （F′v/F′m） and non-photochemical quenching coefficient （NPQ） were the highest in S. micro-carpa, indicating that its PSⅡ had higher capacity of heat dissipation and could prevent photosynthetic apparatus from damage by excessive light energy. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations among photosynthetic physi-ological parameters. However, the initial fluorescence （Fo） was not significantly cor-related with any other parameters. This study also revealed the extremely significant positive correlations between Pn and Tr, gs, apparent quantum yield （AQY）, be-tween Tr and gs, between light saturation point （LSP） and AQY, between Fv/Fm and Fm, between ΦPSⅡ and photochemical quenching coefficient （qp）, between Tr, gs and LSP, AQY. However, WUEi was significantly negatively correlated with Tr, gs, Pn, LSP and AQY.

Cooling Device Using the Natural Convection, Phase Change of Substance and Capillary Effect

Paper deals about testing of device with gravity assisted heat pipes and about researching of wick heat pipes used to effective heat transfers from power switches of energy converter. At first, to simulate ambient condition was designed thermostatic chamber where was monitoring temperature course on main parts of cooling device （energy converter, air cooler and heat pipes） at various position of cooling device. It was found, if the cooling device is in tilt position the cooling performance is better. But if the tilt angel of gravity assisted heat pipe is higher the heat transfer is lower. From reason improve heat transfer cooling device at tilt angle are manufactured heat pipes with the sintered, mesh screen and grooved capillary structures and tested their thermal performance at vertical and tilt angel 45~ position by calorimetric method. Article describes manufacturing process and thermal performance measuring method of wick heat pipes. This experiment testify that the wick heat pipe is able operate at tilt angle position than gravity assisted heat pipe and application of wick heat pipes into cooling device will improve his cooling performance.