On Naipaurs novels from reality and acuity

Naipaul＇s novels are real and acute, which reflect many countries and social realities, especially terrible lives and depressed emotions, including human interests, opinions, ideas, consciousnesses, self-acceptance, idea crisis, looking for identity, spiritual trouble, contradiction between religion and life, cultural conflict in colonized countries and post-colonized areas. Such novels are from actual realities, life facts, street matters with miscellaneous, vicissitudinous, and integrative skills and abilities.

论许地山笔下的妇女自我解放之路

在"五四"后的进步作家中,始终如一地关心妇女的解放,提出解放妇女主张的,恐怕就只有许地山一人了。他站在妇女的立场上,对她们所遭受的不幸表示同情,并提出只有妇女的自我斗争,才是她们获得彻底解放的根本途径,从"敏明"到"尚洁"再到"春桃",这是许地山作品中妇女解放道路的主线。

Surface-area-tuned, quantum-dot-sensitized heterostructured nanoarchitectures for highly efficient photoelectrodes

Harvesting solar energy to produce clean hydrogen from photoelectrolysis of water presents a valuable opportunity to find alternatives for fossil fuels. Three- dimensional nanoarchitecturing techniques can afford enhanced photoelectrochemical properties by improving geometrical and structural effects. Here, we report quantum-dot sensitized TiO2-Sb：SnO2 heterostructures as a model electrode to enable the optimization of the structural effects through the creation of a highly conductive pathway using a transparent conducting oxide （TCO）, coupled with a high surface area, by introducing branching and low interfacial resistance via an epitaxial relationship. An examination of various morphologies （dot, rod, and lamella shape） of TiO2 reveals that the rod-shaped TiO2-Sb：SnO2 is a more effective structure than the others. A photoelectrode fabricated using optimized CdS--TiO2-Sb：SnO2 produces a photocurrent density of 7.75 mA/cm2 at 0.4 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode. These results demonstrate that constructing a branched heterostructure based on TCO can realize highperformance photoelectrochemical devices.

Anti-allergic effects of ethanol extracts from brown seaweeds

Ethanol extracts of brown seaweeds from Pakistan and China were isolated and compared for their antiallergenic activities. They included Sargassum tennerimum (ST) and Sargassum cervicorne (SC) from Pakistan, and Sargassum gramini- folium turn (SG), Sargassum thunbergii (STH), and Laminaria japonica (LJ) from China. The ethanol extracts of these brown seaweeds were optimized at 85% (v/v) ethanol for the maximum yield of phlorotannin, an inhibitor against hyaluronidase. Total phlorotannins contained in the crude extracts were measured as 1.71% (SG), 0.74% (STH), 0.97% (LJ), 3.30% (SC), and 5.06% (ST). The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of Pakistani SC and ST were 109.5 and 21 μg/ml, respectively, lower than those of Chinese SG, STH, and LJ (134, 269, and 148 μg/ml, respectively). An antiallergic drug, disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), had an IC50=39 μg/ml, and a natural inhibitor of hyaluronidase, catechin, had an IC50=20 μg/ml. The IC50 of ST extract was found similar to that of catechin (21 vs 20 μg/ml) and lower than that of DSCG (21 vs 39 μg/ml). This suggests that ST is a potent inhibitor of hyaluronidase, indicating a promising future development of natural antiallergic medicines or functional foods.

Influence of Unidirectional Tensile External-loading on Electromagnetic Property of the Perforated Frequency Selective Surface Illuminated by Electromagnetic Wave Incident at Arbitrary Angles

That whether unidirectional tension changes the influence of incident angle on FSS's(frequency selective surface) electromagnetic(EM) property and whether incident angle changes the effect of unidirectional intension on FSS's EM property is researched.The pattern and magnitude of these changes are revealed.Firstly,the analyses for the mechanism of unidirectional tension's influence and the mechanism of the coupling between the influences of unidirectional tension and incident angle are conducted.Then,according to the mechanism of these influences,Mechanics-Electromagnetics co-analysis is conducted based on mechanics finite element method and electromagnetics finite element method.The frequency responses of the FSS which is under different unidirectional tensions and illuminated by EM wave incident at different angles are gained.The concept"unidirectional tensile sensitivity of FSS"is put forward along with two unidirectional tensile sensitivity factors.By using angular sensitivity-factor and unidirectional tensile sensitivity-factor,the influences of unidirectional tension and incident angle,which are coupled with each other,are expatiated respectively.Research results show that these influences have two sides.Meanwhile,basing on Mode Matching Method and according to the results of numerical investigation,one principle for the layout of FSS with apertures is gained.Several suggestions for further research are given.

Photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B by dye-sensitized TiO_2 under visible-light irradiation

Perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI),widely used in organic photovoltaic devices,is an n-type semiconductor with strong absorption in the visible-light spectrum.There has been almost no study of the PTCDI-sensitized TiO2 composite used to photocatalytically degrade pollutants.In this study,PTCDIand copper phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid (CuPcTs)-sensitized TiO2 composites were prepared using a hydrothermal method.The morphologies and structures of the two composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy,and fluorescence spectroscopy.The visible-light photocatalytic activities of the composites were evaluated using the degradation of rhodamine B as a model reaction.Results showed that dye-sensitized TiO2 samples had a wider absorption spectrum range and higher visiblelight photocatalytic activity compared to TiO2 samples.The double dye-sensitized (or co-sensitized) TiO2 composite with efficient electron collection exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than did the single dye-sensitized TiO2 composite.The electron transfer processes of single and double dye-sensitized TiO2 composites were illustrated according to band theory.