由传授知识向教会学法转变

由于历史形成的原因,以及某些现实的基础,药学专业无机化学的教学方法,是沿袭传统的以讲授为主的模式,学生获取知识主要是靠“听”。这种教学方法有其合理因素。学生经过按部就班、一项一项的听讲学习,可以花较少的时间,吸收积累很多有用的知识。但(?)单向灌输以及教师的绝对权威。

A study on needs analysis of learners of Turkish language

This paper reports a small-scale study of needs analysis of leamers of Turkish as a foreign language at University of Florida. Needs analysis is described in the context of foreign language learning as ＂a systematic and ongoing process of gathering information about students＇ needs and preferences, interpreting the information and then making course decisions in order to meet those needs＂ （Graves, 2000, p. 74）. Because foreign language instruction has become much more learner-centered in recent years, needs analysis is a must for effective learning processes to occur （LONG, 1999, 2005; Kikuchi ＆ Apple, 2006）. In this context, the purpose of this pilot study is to gather information about the students＇ needs in learning Turkish at Center for European Studies, where less commonly taught languages, including Czech, Greek, Hungarian and Polish are offered. Drawing on interview data compiled from a number of studies （Tarone ＆ Yule, 1989; LI ＆ Richards, 1995）, the findings indicate that the students＇ needs may be grouped under four categories including their linguistic needs, their objectives in learning Turkish, learning resources, psychological and sociological factors that may impact their learning experiences. In the light of the interview findings, certain suggestions as to how to teach Turkish effectively are made.

Interculturality and Socio-Linguistic Identity in the Learning of English and Spanish in Mexico

In the current field of action of the pedagogy of languages, efficient, inclusive and dynamic teaching methods are needed; just this work will present the intercultural method through didactic evidences （pedagogical sequences） that have proved their functionality in the teaching rooms of the English in a Spanish-speaking context, as is Mexico. Without forgetting that interculturality is defined according to Cassany （2016） as an ideological current that is that each language of the world is a representative tool at the service of a culture and that said culture in a society is a mental and attitudinal representation to the world where a certain society is based. Then interculturality seeks to develop intercultural skills in the users of languages （Anglo-Hispanic）.

A citation analysis measuring the impact of Albrecht ＆ Sack （2000）

This educational note measures the impact of the Albrecht ＆ Sack （2000） monograph in accounting education literature from its publication date at the end of 2000. Impact refers to the number of times Albrecht ＆ Sack （2000） has been cited and referenced in the three leading US Accounting education journals, being Advances in Accounting Education, Issues in Accounting Education, and the Journal of Accounting Education. This educational note found that since 2001, and until 2007, ＂Albrecht ＆ Sack （2000）＂ has been cited in 29.3% of research papers, and the most cited chapter was Chapter 5-＂Improving accounting education＂. While Albrecht ＆ Sack （2000） has been widely cited, the impact in terms of policy changes, and changes to the accounting curriculum has yet to be eventuated. Indeed it may still be too early to examine impact beyond pure citation.

Analysis of conversational implicatures in sentences and text

Grice＇s conversational implicatures have aroused far more attention in linguistics than have his conventional implicatures. The basic idea is that language-activity, most typically, is a kind of rational （and purposive） social interaction governed by the principle of co-operation. In what may now be regarded as his classic formulation of this principle, Grice recognized several kinds of co-operation which he grounded under the headings of quantity, quality, relation and manner. Each of these comprises a set of one or more subprinciples, formulated by Grice as prescriptive maxim, which participants normally obey, but may on occasion flout or violate. Those were analyzed and given examples in sentences and text in this paper.

Improvement of EFL Learners＇ Speaking and Writing through Reflective Scenario-based Learning

Chinese students＇ poor communicative ability in oral and written English is one of the main concerns in English teaching and learning in China. In the new syllabus of college English, the priority has shifted from reading to speaking. This paper intends to explore an effective method to improve students＇ speaking and writing ability. In the light of the advantages of Scenario-based Learning, two reflective SBL models are introduced.

The role of self-accounting and financial capability in consumer credit decisions

The role of financial capability in the consumers＇ financial behaviour has been widely analyzed by the literature. The same happened for the relationship between debt and financial capability. The consensus about the benefits of an increase in the levels of financial literacy collides with a diversity of opinions on what the best solutions to increase financial capability. While methods based on traditional teaching may not be an effective solutions and they could not provide results in the short term, solutions oriented to support consumers in important financial decisions （requests for funding, choice of retirement solutions, etc.） may show greater effectiveness. Studies in literature have shown the tendency of subjects with high levels of financial capability to adopt a long term view and to upgrade their daily financial behaviour with attitudes and practices related to self-finance （budget, financial check-up, saving for goals, etc.） The paper focuses on the relationship between financial capability and self-accounting practices, interpreting the latter as evidence of conduct financially aware. After a review of the literature designed to emphasize the role of self-accounting in the context of personal finance, a financial check-up based tool is proposed, pointing out how the financial accounts＇ schemes and logics （regular budget, estimates and forecasts checking targets） may find useful application in the context of personal finance.

Research on Novel Paradigm of Contemporary Accounting Education based on Project Teaching Method and Feedback Teaching Mode

In this paper, we conduct analysis on the novel paradigm of the contemporary accounting education based on project teaching method and feedback teaching mode. Along with the deepening of the reform and opening up and further deepening of market economic system reform, especially after the world trade organization （WTO）. In our country made claim for the higher update accounting education career. How to further deepen the reform of the accounting education, further improve the quality of education is the current university education work is facing the urgent task. To deal with the challenges, we propose the novel paradigm and innovative methodology for the task based on the project teaching method and feedback teaching mode. We theoretically analyze the feasibility of the method and will verify the effectiveness in the further research.

New Ideas on Teaching Translation

With the rapid development of the society, some new questions of how to teach translation more scientifically have been put forward to the traditional translation teaching in the new century, which is characterized with high informationization and rapid development of science and technology. This paper aims at a general analysis of the characteristics of the modem society and its impact on translation teaching. Meanwhile, this paper provides the translation teachers with some teaching methods and concepts. Finally, this paper points out that translation teachers must take the characteristcs of the modem society in the new century into consideration, and tries to follow some new ideas when teaching translation so as to adapt to the social changes and achieve the goal of translation teaching in the universities.

Resisting the Violences of ＂Market Normalisation＂： The Importance of Critical Pedagogies for Critical Criminology

The neo-liberal re-positioning of the educational-explorative realm to a vocational market-confinement has already impacted quite heavily on the educational sector in England and Wales and is now being imposed on a European wide scale. However, global as well as European students＇ protests illustrate that resistance to this ideology is gathering pace, and not only involves students and academics but also reaches wider parts of societies. This paper seeks to demonstrate the need for critical pedagogical practices that seek to sensitise students to the modes of current ＂conditions of domination＂. It further suggests critical criminologists to foster and engage in a process of public, intellectual, and intercultural exchange of ideas about education and educational institutions away from merely rationalistic, one-dimensional and profit-orientated ambitions toward a multitude of exchanges about meanings and purposes of such important socio-cultural and political institutions and processes that shape ＂subjectivities＂, inter-subjectivities and thus entire socio-cultural and political spheres. Such processes and active engagements are crucial to the agenda of critical criminologists, and perhaps most importantly, vital to the continued existence of a critical criminology that understands itself as proper ideology critique.

Construction and Application of New Media-based Social Core Values of College Students

New media have exerted profound influence on the core values of contemporary college students. In the new media era, in order to cultivate and practice the social core values, we have to transform the concept and method of education. It is also important to realize the positive and negative influence of core values on both college students and teachers, so that the education on social core values can be carried out in an active and effective way.

A Unique and Vivid Way to Oral Class： KISS KIM

This paper introduces a new, unique, and vivid way of oral class teaching methods： KISS KIM, based on the author＇s rich teaching experience and profound theoretical reflections in an attempt to share some knowledge on this respect with other fellow colleagues.

Teaching Large Classes： Problems and Prospects

There is no global definition of what constitutes a large class. The literature, for example, shows large classes as ranging between 25-30 learners in the United Kingdom, more than 35 learners in the US, and 60 or more learners in developing countries. The current study attempted to establish what instructional strategies could be introduced for improvement of teaching learning in the prevailing large classes. A review of research on teaching of large classes highlighted challenges that both teachers and students experience. Effective teaching and learning throughout the study was conceptualized as that situated within a social constructivist framework. This is a descriptive study in design. The literature component of the study utilized a content analysis methodology with a view to identifying strategies of practical application and potential to facilitate learning in large classes, such as Active Learning, Collaborativb Learning, Cooperative Learning, Inductive Teaching Methods, and novel practices including issues on environment for change are suggested. The empirical data indicated that teachers had devised strategies to cope with the large classes, but these needed further development. The implication for these findings is the need for teacher professional development through reflective practice.

The Sociological Analysis on the Teacher＇ s Notion of Judging Students Based on Achievements

There is a popular notion of teachers that they judge a student according to their score. On this basis, teachers developed a systematical thinking method, perspective and way of act. Currently, teachers arrange seats and interact with students and do many other things according to their score sub-consciously. This phenomenon, however, has a long-standing basis on which the school evaluates teachers and teachers evaluate themselves.

SPECIAL ISSUE： RULE OF LAW--CHINA AND THE WORLD International Rule of Law and Methodological Innovation

The practice of the international rule of law needs a theoretical guide, and the formulation of the theory of international law has to depend upon practice, which imposes new requirement upon the methodology of international law. Traditional research into legal doctrine is unfavorable to the creative exertion of international jurisprudence, and the research methods of social sciences are playing an increasingly important role in the methodological innovation of international law. From the perspective of promotion of the international rule of law, the study of international law needs to deep research a State＇s motives, cause and innate logic in observing international aw, and law and economics can show its capability in this field. For the international rule of law, basic research needs to be carried about such social surroundings as where the rules are produced and applied and exerting influences. The research method of the sociology of law exactly hits the point. The application of empirical and experimental research methods offers a beforehand ＂rehearsal＂ chance for the process of the rule of law to grasp the pros and cons in the planning andpractice of the rule of law. The cooperation between the research methods of social science and the traditional research method of international law can reasonably interpret the phenomena of international relations and promote the international rule of law.