SAT数学

1. If the diagonals of a rhombus are represented by 4x and 8x, the area may be represented by （A） 12x （B） 24x （C） 32x （D） 12x^2 （E）

Adapting communicative language teaching approach to China＇s context

The issue on which this essay focuses is how to adapt the Communicative Language Teaching （CLT） Approach to China＇s context. With the recent accession to the WTO, the long-awaited Olympic games in Beijing, China has made learning English a national priority. It is very important and necessary to research on how to adapt CLT flexibly and appropriately to China＇s context if most Chinese English learners are to gain a good grasp of oral English, and if specialist learning is to be achieved by those who need English for business and academic purposes. Therefore this essay is structured as follows： First, analyzing the different types of English teaching methods in China and then focusing on the CLT Method. By analyzing and contrasting these English teaching methods, the need to change the current English teaching methods in China will be discovered. Finally, it explains the problems of adopting the more modem CLT Approach and gives suggestions on how it may best be adapted to the Chinese context.

The Role of Explicit Grammar in Language Teaching

The debate on grammar in second language acquisition： past, present, and future, is a well written summary of both explicit and implicit grammar instruction in second language acquisition from past to present and with future projections. The thesis holds that explicit grammar instruction plays a very important role in foreign language learning and teaching and argues that English education in China should lay emphasis on how to assist students＇ grammar internalization and promote the conversion from explicit learning to implicit learning.

On Variables Affecting L1 Transfer in L2 Acquisition

This paper focuses on variables affecting L1 transfer in L2 acquisition, which, according to the author, are categorized into three groups： learner-related variables, language-based variables and socio-linguistic variables, and each of them is clarified in more details.

Using critical thinking activities as tools to integrate language skills

Every day communication is an event in which there is an interactional relationship between interlocutors. This interaction needs whole language in which language skills of speaking, listening, reading and writing; associated knowledge of vocabulary, meaning, syntax, etc.; and also, thinking skills are interwoven. This means that language should be kept whole and ＂if language isn＇t kept whole, it isn＇t language anymore＂ （Rigg, 1991, p. 522, cited in Richards ＆ Rodgers, 2001, p. 109）. In English as a Second Language/English Foreign Language （ESL/EFL） learning settings, improvement in one skill can affect the development of other skills. A particular course may highlight certain skills, but if the teacher is creative or specific tasks and problems are used in language learning settings, learners are provided with the opportunity to improve multiple, integrated skills. This paper aims at elaborating on critical thinking approach to language learning and introducing practical ideas for helping teachers to integrate language and thinking skills. It introduces 3 critical thinking activities （Dialogue journals, reading logs and literacy portfolios）, and also discusses how implementing them can serves as a way to integrate language skills. It also maintains that engaging learners in these activities helps them use authentic materials and solve problems of their own interest that in turn has a positive effect on student＇s motivation.

＂I＇m here to discuss my final grade!＂ A study of the speech act of complaint by Malaysian ESL learners

The present study investigates the preferred strategies of the speech act of complaint by Malaysian ESL learners. The subjects were selected from Malaysian university students majoring in English at University Sains Malaysia. Data were collected through an open-ended questionnaire in the form of a discourse completion task and a semi-structured interview. The responses were analyzed based on Rinnert and Nogami＇s （2006） taxonomy of the speech act of complaint to examine the main components of complaint, the level of directness and the degree of mitigation. It is anticipated that the findings will be able to provide valuable insights into teaching and learning English in non-native settings.

Analysis of top-students＇ halt of acquisition in oral English：From Krashen＇s input hypothesis perspective

Applied to real-life teaching, Krashen＇s theory helps us to find the causes of top students＇ halt of acquisition in oral English class--that is, insufficient and inappropriate input in listening, speaking and reading.

Metaphors Enhance Creativity in Writing

Metaphor, a rhetoric device which involves both stylistics as well as cognition, is really a hot theme in recent years of academic research. Thus this paper thinks that metaphor may help the language learners to write creatively by a brief introduction and some personal experiences in language teachi ng.

The Functional Approach： Material and Methods

From 1970 onwards, Halliday worked on the functional aspect of grammar. He mentioned the language as a form of ＂doing＂ rather than a form of ＂knowing＂. He believes that language is what it is because it has to serve certain function. In other words, social demands on language have helped to shape its structure. This theory distinguishes linguistic behavior potential from actual linguistic behavior. That means the speaker can do many things in certain language： making an invitation, expressing hope, inquiry, agreement, refuse and etc. Therefore EFL teaching is to develop the abilities to communicate with others, that is, listening, speaking, reading, writing and translating. This paper wants to discuss Halliday＇s theory about the functional approach and how to make good use of it to the language leaming and teaching.

Aspects of Urhobo Grammar Taught Through Poetry： The Verb ＂Edia＂ to Be

Unquestionably, anyone born to Urhobo parents, being biologically Urhobo, should speak the Urhobo language. But does everybody born by an Urhobo parent speak Urhobo？ From our observation, the answer to this question is clearly ＂no＂. Many of the Urhobo people in the Diaspora as well as those at home have chosen to shift from their own language to other languages. Hence Urhobo language has gradually acquired the status of a second language. Therefore, its teaching would also veer away from language teaching methods that are used for first languages. Based on Noam Chomsky＇s theory of Generative Grammar, aspects of the Urhobo grammar will be treated as we present specifically the verb ＂edia＂/＂to be＂. As it is, it is being presented as a second language bearing in mind the great population of Urhobo people in the Diaspora as well as Mowarin＇s ＂miguo generation＂ of Urhobo children back home in Urhobo land. This being so, the methods applied in this study are the Grammar Translation Method Approach as well as the Direct Method Approach. To facilitate its learning especially for the new generation of Urhobo persons, the poetic approach would also be applied.

Teaching Speech Acts in EFL Classrooms： An Implicit Pedagogy

Language teaching is a combination of teaching syntax, content of language in use, and the social background of that language. As the study of the act in speech, speech acts naturally exist in social and interpersonal discourses. Thus it is of vital importance to let language learners to acquire its concept and principles. This paper is a brief introduction to the theories and approaches on speech acts as well as its application for ELT pedagogy. The paper is made up of three parts. In the first part, former investigations and theories on speech acts would be introduced and discussed. The second part is a discussion on communicative competence in English language teaching. In the third part, two sample tasks of implicit pedagogy for speech acts would be introduced. A conclusion of teaching speech acts implicitly is given out in the fourth part.

Landmarks of studies of China English as an international language： Retrospect and prospect

The current paper reviews some of the key studies into ＂China English＂ from the perspectives of World Englishes over the recent three decades in China and overseas, and it is focused on identifying the categories in definitions, the lexical and syntactical features, and the loan words and loaned translation in English newspapers in China. The current paper evaluates the seminal work, the key chronological studies into China English and classifies the meanings of those the loan words and loaned translation of the sampled ＂China English＂ as an Asian variety.

Teaching Gallo at School

This study explores the origins and current status of the Gallo language at school--a minority language spoken in the eastern part of Brittany--among older speakers （group 1-41 informants） and students of Gallo （group 2-17 informants）. The paper discusses different pedagogical methods, learning materials, and learners＇ status. The most important mission of schools is to increase public awareness about their linguistic environment which helps reassert minority identity through language acquisition and linguistic maintenance. Implementing an educational language curriculum for regional languages constitutes a main step towards the preservation of linguistic minorities. According to the informants interviewed during the fieldwork, both groups express positive reactions towards the presence of Gallo at school （group 1--80%; group 2--92.9%）. However, in follow-up discussions, a certain number of older speakers seem to be more reluctant, because the variety of Gallo taught at school is different from the one which was transmitted to them. In conclusion, bilingual and immersion programs are increasingly successful in Brittany and could lead to a wider recognition of Eastern Brittany＇s language and culture.

Probes Into Application of Multi-media Technology in Teaching Chinese as the Second Language Acquisition Class

The multi-media teaching method refers to using computer as a teaching assistant in the teaching Chinese as the second language （TCSL） class. The purpose of employing multi-media technology is to encourage students＇ class participation, giving them explicit and specific impression of abstract contents and cultivating their intuitive grasp of linguistic points. Based on the current study of usage of multi-media technology in class teaching, this paper attempts to investigate mainly on its positive influence of multi-media technology in teaching.

Activity theory and second language acquisition

As recently as 1999, activity theory, one of the sub-theories of sociocultural theory, was described as ＂a well kept secret＂, now is one of the most popular theories in second language acquisition. In this article, the author will present a few research projects that adopt activity theory to investigate language learning, to show how activity theory brings new insights into language acquisition.

Specifications of learner needs for the course Public speaking

Setting clear goals for oral English courses is especially important for EFL instruction, and these goals should be derived from learner needs. This paper identifies specific needs of college students who take the course Public speaking. The results show that EFL learners need to improve their public speaking strategies in the areas of logic, accuracy, fluency, environment for practice, and eloquence.

The relationship between syntax and semantics in the case of Ma＇ani Nahwi in Arabic and the idea of Modistae in Latin

The research emphasizes on the relation of the Arabic concept of ＂ma＇ani nahwi＂ and the Latin ＂modistae＂. In order to establish this relation, the researcher illustrates the role of Aristotle＇s categories in influencing the concept of the Medieval Latin ＂modistae＂. This is followed by a reevaluation of the influence of Arabic philosophers, such as al-Farabi （c.870-c.950 CE）, Avicenna （980-1037 CE） and Averoes （c.1126-c.1198 CE） on Latin philosophy and linguistics, especially Jurjani＇s （d.1078 CE） role in introducing his concept of ＂nazm＂ towards ＂ma＇ani nahwi＂. The research contributes to the understanding of the relationship between syntax and semantics which has not been effectively clarified within the framework of traditional Arabic grammatical theory.

Research on the Development of Linguistics and the Linkage Effect with the College English

In this paper, we conduct research on the on the development of linguistics and the linkage effect with the college English. It is imperative to strengthen the construction of teachers themselves. Teacher’s is the student learns English in classroom instruction functions the premise guarantee. The students welcome these knowledge broad teaching experience to be rich, and the teaching method nimble diverse specialized level is high that causes the classroom atmosphere to be active that can transfer the student to study the teacher who the enthusiasm. The system function linguistics attention language social aspect, takes the language the application question, and the emphasis language user’s sociality and the language functionality. The system function grammar including the system grammar and function grammar two parts that is one kind has the sociological tendency linguistics processing method. Under this basis, this paper proposes the new idea on the linguistics and the linkage effect with the college English. The novel perspective will help construct the efficient classrooms.

Vocabulary Teaching Strategies Focusing on Language Learner

As we enter the 21st century, acquisition of vocabulary has assumed a more important role, and as some would argue, it has assumed the central role in learning a second language. On one hand, students have a strong desire to improve their English level in order to make them more adaptable when they step into this competitive society after graduation. On the other hand, most students are facing a great difficulty in learning a large number of vocabularies though they do spend a lot of time and energy on it. Also, recent researches show that students don＇t like the classroom that is still teacher-centered and lecture-based. They want to be more involved in class and more responsible for their own studies. Hence, it is important to equip students with necessary strategies for dealing with vocabulary learning activities. In this paper, three strategies are recommended： extensive listening ＆ reading and contextual guesswork, communicative activities and group-work and the use of dictionary.

Improving college non-English majors＇ nonverbal communication competence

Under the widespread view that verbal competence is essential in foreign language acquisition. nonverbal communication has not been given sufficient attention and importance in foreign language teaching in China. In most cases in intercultural interaction, people focus on verbal cues while neglecting those nonverbal messages produced by the bodies and the environment. Such neglect often results in misunderstandings and conflicts because nonverbal communication reveals basic cultural traits from which people are able to gather clues about underlying attitudes and values. So the study of nonverbal communication is an important component to the study of intercultural communication. It deserves due attention in foreign language acquisition. Grounded on the model of cultural learning put forward by Hanvey, the study puts forward a set of feasible suggestions on how to improve intercultural nonverbal communication competence of college non-English majors.