《语言教师的语言学:课堂实践课程》述评

Sunny Park-Johnson和Sarah J. Shin于2020年推出的新作《语言教师的语言学:课堂实践课程》是专门为二语教师量身打造的语言学入门教材,具有实例广、视角广、受众广等突出优点,对于为教师语言学“赋能”、使其了解并应用语言学相关理论和知识具有重要作用。

概论教师语言

笔者从教二十七年 ,接触了不同层次的很多教师。虽每个教师的个性特征不尽相同 ,但凡出色的教师 ,都不例外地熟练而恰当地使用着教师化的语言。语言的教师化是一个教师成熟的重要标志。笔者研究教师语言的目的 ,在于探究教师语言现象及其规律 ,从而抛砖引玉 ,以期方家点石成金 ,集其大成 ,建立一门新学科——教师语言学 ,充实教育理论。本文多为笔者长期教育实践过程中的思考 ,若要建立一门学科 ,还嫌粗浅而单薄。但笔者认为 。

高师汉语语言学网络环境教改新探索

在目前网络环境下,高师汉语语言学教师必须正视传统教学方式的变革,积极探索基于网络环境的汉语语言学教学新模式,大力促进信息技术教育与汉语语言学课程的有效整合,尽快认识网络、熟悉网络环境,充分调动现有网络语言信息资源为我所用。在利用网络现有语言信息资源的同时,着力构建具有自身教学特色的汉语语言学网络课程,以同步提高学生汉语言能力和汉语言素养为己任,以网络环境下汉语语言学教改为突破口,达到提高汉语语言学课程教学质量的目的。

认知语言学的图式理论及其在语言学教学中的应用

随着近年来认知语言学的发展,图式理论逐渐发展成一个重要的理论,它是心理学与语言学结合的产物。这一理论已越来越多地被外语教育工作者关注并成功地应用于外语教学。英语语言学课程本身比较枯燥,如何丰富和改善语言学教学的现状一直是语言学教师思考的问题。本文中作者将从图示理论与英语语言学的关系入手,探讨图式理论在语言学教学中的应用。

Error Correction Strategy Use in the Second Language Classroom： A Study of Junior High School English Teachers in Ghana

Error correction, in recent times, is seen as one of the important teaching processes in L2 （second language） learning, because comprehensible inputs alone is insufficient for acquisition of language. However, few L2 teachers know much about error analysis and how to correct errors in the L2 classroom. Error correction is a very complicated and a thorny issue in L2 teaching and learning. L2 teachers, therefore, need to be armed with ways in which errors can be treated to ensure maximum effect yet with less harm to learners. Identifying learners＇ errors is very important in L2 learning, but how to correct them to give the desired effect is equally important and very challenging to L2 teachers. It is therefore crucial to initiate a study in Ghana to find out how errors are corrected in the Ghanaian English language classroom. This case study used complete observation and semi-structured interview as data collection strategies to identify error correction strategies/types English teachers use in the Ghanaian JHS （Junior High School） classroom and how error correction/treatment can be improved to facilitate English language teaching and learning. The findings of the study showed that explicit error correction technique was the most commonly used followed by recast, elicitation, metalinguistic clues, clarification request, repetition, and cues. It was also found that the causes of the disparity in the use of the various error correction types were inadequate teacher preparation, incompetence in English language, limited knowledge in error correction, caliber of students, and insufficient teaching time. This study identified that the situation can be improved through effective teacher training, in-service training, learner involvement, and effective planning.

A Corpus-Based Study of Adverbial Connectors in Native and Non-native Students＇ Writing

In writing and speaking, adverbial connectors always play a part to connect different parts together at both semantic and syntactic aspects. For it is so important that a lot of scholars have made and are making a series of studies to their functions. On the basis of corpus-based study, this paper firstly makes a comparison to the usage of adverbial connectors in their writings of the native students and non-native students and then exposes a distinctive gap between these two types of writings in usage of adverbial connectors. In order to help Chinese second-language learners acquire English as well as English native speakers do, this study deeply digs this gap and in further provides several pedagogical suggestions for English teachers and second-language learners.

An Annotation of Language Teacher Beliefs in View of Educational Culture

The research on foreign language （FL） teachers＇ cognition and its development has been attracting attention in the field of applied linguistics. However, the gap between teaching theories and truths, teacher beliefs and behaviors can only be annotated by an in-depth investigation of belief determinants （BD） that are shaped by specific educational culture. Based on an investigation of language teacher beliefs, this paper is an annotation of language teacher beliefs in view of educational culture. By using both qualitative and quantitative methods of interviewing forefront teachers and making a literature review, it intends to reveal the dynamic nature of teacher beliefs as the teaching reality in view of the impact and significance of educational culture. It hammers home with the conclusion that the teachers-role-fulfillment in China is based on their real beliefs and loaded with cultural, social, and subject pressure; it is not a lincal impartment from theory to practice, from advocating to implementing, but a selective practice with teachers＇ active cognition and adaptation towards the local educational culture.

English Teachers＇ Classroom Verbal Strategy in the Dialogue Teaching

The core of dialogue teaching is dialogue. The dialogue here refers to the way in which the teachers and students based on mutual respect, trust and equal position carry on the two-way communication and mutual learning through conversation and listening. One of the marked differences between dialogue teaching and traditional teaching is that dialogue teaching highlights the essence of the teaching process of communication and cooperation. At the same time dialogue teaching is based on students＇ psychological demand, which makes the teaching full of strong emotion. Using the dialogue teaching as the background, this paper mainly provides the guiding principles and practical advice for the teachers＇ classroom language strategies so as to achieve more effective teaching effect.

The Hidden Curriculum in Language Classrooms

This paper discusses the issue of the hidden curriculum in the setting of a language classroom. The author first talks about the definition of the hidden curriculum from a theoretical perspective and proposes her own working definition. She then elaborates on the reasons and main manifestations of the hidden curriculum from the teachers＇ and learners＇ angles respectively with examples taken from language classrooms. Based on some profound reflections, some feasible suggestions on how to minimize the negative impacts of the hidden curriculum are suggested. On the basis of the previous discussion, the author reaches a conclusion： Language teachers should not avoid or ignore the hidden curriculum existing in the language teaching processes; rather, they are expected to face it positively and try their very best to solve the problems it brings. A sound attitude towards the hidden curriculum can help language teachers better understand and implement the formal or official curriculum made by the school or the state.

The Influence of English Movies on English Listening Teaching in College

Listening, in language teaching, is a skill that requires active engagement. To help their students become effective listeners becomes one of the great challenging tasks for the language teachers. In the Chinese contexts, this challenge is greater for college English teachers, for listening skills, an important part of communication skills, have not been given as much attention as reading or writing skills in teaching non-English majors, especially a decade ago. This paper introduces English movies on English listening teaching in college, and puts forward some application strategies of English movies in English listening teaching.

The Implementation and Evaluation of Training Course for Chinese as Second Language E-Teacher

In this study, we made references to past literatures and developed an e-learning training program for CSL （Chinese as a Second Language） teachers. The class was held from July to August, 2010, in Chinese Culture University （Taiwan）, and we designed a performance-evaluation questionnaire with the Delphi method. Three months after the training program was completed, the questionnaire was given to the 30 students of the class, and they were asked to answer questions regarding their use of e-learning in the actual practice. We also asked 5 teachers to conduct experimental e-learning for us to video-record and observe. This effort allows us to discuss the use of e-learning among CSL teachers in Taiwan, come up with a conclusion and suggestions, and use the findings as references for course-planning and policies or research regarding the digital learning of Chinese.

Talk about Graduate Student of educational teacher expanding the path of employment in the local comprehensive university - An example of Chinese Language and Literature in my school

With the increasing amount of college graduates every year, the employer needs structural contradiction, traditional college graduates employment difficulties. Chinese Language and Literature is as a strong tradition of employment facing unprecedented challenges. Based on the severe employment situation, Teacher Education in Local Comprehensive Universities need to start improving their own quality of graduates, and actively guide the graduates to change jobs ideas, updating the concept of employment, and use existing resources, and actively expand employment channels, and explore new ideas and open up new market, employment path is becoming more diverse to ensure employment stability and sustainable development.

A Study on Student-Centered Language Pedagogy Based on Humanism

Although it is common for Chinese students to learn English for many years, they are still confronted with problems when it comes to communicating with people in English. Lack of working hard, necessary learning context, and interest does play a part; however, the problem really lies mostly in teaching process, so, to improve the quality of learning, teachers should bear more responsibilities and do more to bring humanism to English class and enhance student-centeredness. To achieve this goal, teachers should know more about students＇ learning styles so as to apply different approaches to students with different learning styles. What is more, priority should be given to analysis of learners＇ needs as well as preferences, on the basis of which a curriculum can be developed to meet the needs of a particular group of students. Finally, improvement of learner autonomy will lead to the shift of learning responsibilities from teacher to students, thus achieving student-centered learning ultimately.

Study of Culture Teaching in English Teaching of Senior Middle Schools

Language is a part of culture and the carrier of the culture. Foreign language study is not only the process of learning a language but also the process of taking the language as a means of information transmission to comprehend culture. With the implementation of the New Curriculum Standard （2017） in senior English, the notions of cultural awareness and culture instruction are being accepted and carried out in EFL （English as Foreign Language） classroom by English teachers. This paper tries to analyze the relationship between language and culture, the contents and goals in teaching foreign language and culture, the significance of teaching culture in foreign language education. This paper concludes with recommendations for improving culture teaching： Learning a foreign language is inseparable from learning its culture; The knowledge of culture differences may help students to make less pragmatic errors and become proficient in cross-cultural communication; Great efforts should also be paid to the development of the student’s cross-cultural awareness, and then the quality of English teaching could be really improved.

Study on Current Situation and Countermeasures of English Language Culture Teaching for English Majors in Local Normal Universities

At present, English language teaching for English majors in local normal universities in China has been restricted by many aspects of factors, and the current situation is not optimistic. The main reason for this situation is that the teachers and students of English majors in some local normal universities have some deviation in understanding the English language. The teachers can not have the right attitude towards English language culture teaching,and they make one-sided emphasis on the skill learning of English language majors,but ignore the normal teaching of professional English language culture. To improve this situation and improve the overall level of English majors in normal univerities, it requires us teachers and students to work together, improving the overall level of this course from the two aspects of ＂teaching＂ and ＂learning＂ , in order to help students to truly grasp the English language culture and skillfully use English in daily life and work.

The Influence of Teacher Talk on Raising Students’ Intercultural Awareness

In English classroom, teacher talk is an important source of students’ input in English language and plays a pivotal role in the development of language skills. At present, the intercultural awareness in the teaching process in China’s universities is weak. With the increasing demands of the society on the cultivation of students’ intercultural communicative competence, the importance of intercultural communicative competence is becoming more and more obvious. This paper discusses how to use teacher talk effectively to raise students’ intercultural awareness from the aspects of textbook development, teaching concepts, teaching methods, and after-class activities, aiming at enhancing the intercultural awareness of college students and raising intercultural communicative competence.

The Application of Task-Based Language Teaching to ＂Longman English Interactive＂

Interactive courses are becoming more and more popular today. LEI （Longman English Interactive） is one of them Recently, many teachers in China's Mainland learn to adopt TBLT （task-based language teaching） in these interactive courses including LEI. However, some of them feel confused about how to apply TBLT more effectively in their classes since they may not understand clearly why TBLT is such a ＂matching＂ teaching method for this type of classes. To illustrate this issue, this paper sets LEI as an example. It firstly analyzes the syllabus design of LEI based on the theories of communicative teaching approach, then discusses about why the renowned TBLT is a suitable method to organize the class, and finally exemplifies how TBLT can be fully applied to the course in real classrooms. The objective of this paper is to inspire English teachers to have a better application of TBLT in interactive classes alike.

"Oh My Gosh! The Expression Is Too Chinese" :Attitudes of University Teachers and Students towards China English

With the wide spread of English in the global context, scholars increasingly call for the reshaping of English education towards teaching English as an international language. One oft-mentioned proposal is to increase students＇ exposure to more English varieties, in particular the variety of English used in their country or region. Against this backdrop, this study investigated the attitudes of Chinese university students and teachers towards China English （CE）, an emerging variety in China and the ideological underpinnings beneath their attitudinal responses. In the study, 33 English teachers and 31 students were asked to first evaluate the understandability and acceptability of CE features that are identified in literature and then provide reasons justifying their choices in a questionnaire survey. Results show that both teacher and student participants were reluctant to accept CE as a legitimate variety but their attitudes diverged as regards specific CE features. The in-depth exploration of their justifications revealed that native speaker English ideology, Chinglish stigma and the communicativeness of CE to the outside world were their major concerns in evaluating CE. Findings in this study have implications for educators who attempt to localize English language teaching.

A Study of Teacher Talk in Interactions in English Classes

英语教学的成功与否在很大程度上取决于教师所使用的教学语言。决定教学成功程度的另一个因素在教室中的互动活动,而互动的发生又直接受到教师语言的影响。本研究描述性地总结了英语教师在互动过程中所使用的语言形式以及学生和教师对不同语言形式的青睐程度。研究表明英语老师应该注意更多地使用积极性的评论和鼓励语言,以便有效地促进师生互动。

Teaching to, with, and Against the Test: Language Teaching and Teacher Identity Under Institutional Neoliberalization

Neoliberalism has emerged as a keyword that captures some core features of global economic and educational reforms in recent years. This paper reports a linguistic ethnographic study of how a Chinese language teacher was engaged with neoliberal discourses on language education in and out of the classroom in a suburban public middle school in China, with an attempt to illuminate the complexity of language education in a neoliberal context. The analysis shows three general identity positions-as an opponent, a conformist, and a pragmatist-across the identification trajectory of the focal language teacher through the fieldwork period, in relation to neoliberal exam-oriented education and her various ways of engaging with exam discourses in her language classrooms. This inquiry argues for the perspective of unpredictability and complexity as an alternative that goes beyond the current "deterministic neoliberalism" in understanding the dynamics of neoliberalization in language education, language teaching, and teacher identity formation.