Brasilia, born of the urban plan by Lficio Costa and of the unexpected concrete structural forms designed by Oscar Niemeyer, knew how to adapt to the new forms that came from the country＇s religious syncretism. This ...Brasilia, born of the urban plan by Lficio Costa and of the unexpected concrete structural forms designed by Oscar Niemeyer, knew how to adapt to the new forms that came from the country＇s religious syncretism. This article aims to compare, through religious symbolism, structural forms and architectural spaces, two sacred monuments： The cathedral of Brasilia （1958-1967） and the stupa of the Tibetan Buddhist Center, inaugurated in 2006. The millenary construction form of the stupa, one of the primordial sacred structures for all Buddhism traditions, the sacred symbol of enlightenment, must obey some construction rules according to its lineage＇s Buddhist tradition. In this way, the stupa is the opposite of a strong and fearless structural form embodied in the cathedral, with its 16 revolution hyperboloid concrete pillars and its subterranean entrance. Although built in concrete both are unusual forms of architecture with distinct spatial conception and sculptural form structures. While respecting religious differences, it is noticeable a real commitment between form and structure, volume and religious symbolism. At the conclusion, it is perceivable how distinct forms--the Cathedral and the Stupa--can respond in analog manners to the necessity of a gathering space where visitors go in search of expressing their faith. Along with them, Buddhism and Catholicism are rooted in Brazil＇s new capital.展开更多
The paper deals with Jan Patocka＇s considerations on architecture. It presents Patocka＇s concept of space as the union of two sensory fields, the kinaesthetic-tactile and the visual, and it emphasizes that this unio...The paper deals with Jan Patocka＇s considerations on architecture. It presents Patocka＇s concept of space as the union of two sensory fields, the kinaesthetic-tactile and the visual, and it emphasizes that this union is considered as the ＂primordial architecture＂. According to Patocka＇s view, the material architecture is only a consequence of the primordial architecture. The paper also follows Patocka＇s idea of the ＂sacral transubstantiation＂. Patocka argues that, traditionally, the construction of a work of architecture is considered as dependent on favourable conditions, on divine consent with such a construction and the movement of divine powers into constructed work. The origin of architecture is thus religious. The paper considers the relations and differences between the sacred and secular architecture. It highlights Patocka＇s idea that both sacred and secular architecture open a certain world, even thought, the status of the world of sacred architecture differs considerably from that of the world of secular architecture.展开更多
Although Shaanxi is one of the birthplaces of China＇s Buddhism and Taoism, and temples are extensively distributed across the region, there is not much research on the temple gardens. This is especially true in the N...Although Shaanxi is one of the birthplaces of China＇s Buddhism and Taoism, and temples are extensively distributed across the region, there is not much research on the temple gardens. This is especially true in the Northern Shaanxi area where has harsh natural environmental conditions. Here, a number of mountain temples reflect the constructional wisdom of the ancient monks and conform to the Chinese classical garden. The space environment of Buddhist temples, Taoist temples and the celebrity temples tiiat are both in good condition and located in the mountainous envitonment are taken as the object of this research. In addition to the analysis of examples, a systematic review of the distribution, site selection and space construction of mountain temples in Northern Shaanxi is performed, to provide references for the space environment construction of modem temples or gardens.展开更多
In the 1996 AIA （American Institute of Architecture） Convention in Minneapolis, the governing bodies in the education and professionalization of architects in the US （namely, the American Institute of Architecture,...In the 1996 AIA （American Institute of Architecture） Convention in Minneapolis, the governing bodies in the education and professionalization of architects in the US （namely, the American Institute of Architecture, American Institute of Architecture Students, National Council of Architectural Registration Boards, National Architecture Accrediting Board and the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture） released the Boyer Report, subsequently published as Building Community： A New Future for Architecture Education and Practice. The report was named in honor of Ernest Boyer, an educational theorist who also participated in writing the text. Less comprehensive than the canonical texts by Marcus Vitruvius Pollio and his interlocutors, it is nonetheless a mirror of our current assumptions about the education of the architect. This paper looks at the epistemology inherited from Vitruvius as it shapes pedagogy up and through the Boyer Report and into the 21 st century. Using a method of comparative analysis applied to past and current architecture programs, our argument is that historical divisions between professional or applied knowledge and liberal or theoretical knowledge inherited from the past limit our capacity within architecture education to integrate new strategies for knowledge creation and dissemination. It is concluded that any serious revision of architecture education means a systematic reconsideration of the basis of architecture knowledge. What of the （persistent） Vitruvian model is relevant in our post-modern condition？ What do we learn from the image of our profession projected through the lens of the Boyer Report and it is like？ In other words, what would Vitruvius do？展开更多
The history of the design of St. Joseph the Betrothed church in Olszyna Lubaflska is presented in the paper. The first design of the church was drawn up by a local master builder in 1889 but was given such a poor eval...The history of the design of St. Joseph the Betrothed church in Olszyna Lubaflska is presented in the paper. The first design of the church was drawn up by a local master builder in 1889 but was given such a poor evaluation by a firm of architects in Berlin that a new project had to be commissioned. The technical opinion on the design is analysed in the paper： both projects are discussed and some of the drawings from the projects are presented. The text of the expert evaluation and the draft of the church have never been published yet.展开更多
The issues of analyzing the cultural differences in architecture, and the interaction between culture and space have gained importance in many respects both in practice and in education. ＂Culture＂ and conservation o...The issues of analyzing the cultural differences in architecture, and the interaction between culture and space have gained importance in many respects both in practice and in education. ＂Culture＂ and conservation of the ＂cultural heritage＂ have a place in the conditions for the ＂architectural education＂ put forward by the UNESCO （The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization）/UIA （International Union of Architects） Council during the 2002 meeting in Berlin. For this purpose, cultural, social, urban, environmental and architectural values and issues of architectural heritage were defined as specific subjects that should be considered in the preparation of the curriculum to build up a sense of responsibility. From this point of view, this paper aims to propose an educational process for dealing with the sense of cultural heritage and its survival in the modern world, and shares the products of the work carried out at the Project 4 Studio at Faculty of Fine Arts, Department of Interior Architecture, Yeditepe University, as the studio training is the main component of architectural education. The main issue of the paper is to present some examples of the student projects and to consider the importance of design studio, which can gain knowledge about cultural and architectural heritage and develop students＇ skills to adopt and be respectful to traditional values.展开更多
Social transformations have been changed in thinking and observable current religious institutions in contemporary architectural manifestations. Likewise, observed these changes in religious buildings of the past, the...Social transformations have been changed in thinking and observable current religious institutions in contemporary architectural manifestations. Likewise, observed these changes in religious buildings of the past, they were current and contemporary in its own time, which has allowed them to remain in force in its architectural spatiality and its urban relationships, serving as the historical bridge 1;hat allows analyzing the contemporary perspective in Mexico and particularly in Yucatan. The goal of this paper is to carry out a contemporary look to the interior and exterior of the temples in Yucatan colonial architecture to establish the process of change and permanence of spatiality and volumes that have allowed liturgy procedures as well as the way of approach to the sacredness of the Catholic communities from the colonial period to the present day. On the other hand, interest to establish, in particular, as the colonials religious buildings have been maintained in force and have appreciated for religious service to continue and in some cases, as they have given other kinds of services while maintaining its primordial spatiality.展开更多
Based on site studies, historical literature investigation and academic communication, this work aims to dig out the cultural significance in architectural and religious aspects conveyed in cliff carvings in the Bashu...Based on site studies, historical literature investigation and academic communication, this work aims to dig out the cultural significance in architectural and religious aspects conveyed in cliff carvings in the Bashu region. After casting a glance at the origin and evolution of Bashu culture and religion mainly involving Daoism and Buddhism recorded in forms of cliff carvings, we concentrated on discovering the national, regional and folk architectural characters implicated in cliff carvings at different sites within the Bashu region. The cliff carvings in this region vividly depicted the evolution of the architectural culture hereof. The essence of their religious and architectural connotations can be good stuff to be input in today’s architectural design philosophy.展开更多
Indoor Environmental Quality （IEQ） deals with providing a healthy and comfortable indoor environment. Most of international sustainability rating systems consider IEQ as a key perspective for developing sustainable ...Indoor Environmental Quality （IEQ） deals with providing a healthy and comfortable indoor environment. Most of international sustainability rating systems consider IEQ as a key perspective for developing sustainable buildings. Educational buildings include large number of people which increase the need to provide appropriate IEQ. Accordingly, there is a critical need to frequently assess of IEQ in this type of buildings in order to maintain the satisfactory level of IEQ. This paper aims to develop a framework for assessing and improving the IEQ of educational buildings in Saudi Arabia through measuring the IEQ parameters and integrating these results with Building Information Modeling （BIM）. The key IEQ parameters considered in this study include thermal comfort, indoor air quality and visual comfort. These parameters have been measured by comfort-sense system, indoor air quality meter and light meter respectively. The measured data are integrated with BIM model in order to track the IEQ problems, and to develop IEQ history over time. By using the proposed framework, the IEQ can be tracked and improved. The IEQ assessment framework has been implemented on educational building in Saudi Arabia as a case study to validate the process and perform the necessary modifications and improvements.展开更多
As the demand for high-performance housing grows, so does the need for improvements in building science education. Trial and error has long been the method for learning how to avoid problems in the construction of ene...As the demand for high-performance housing grows, so does the need for improvements in building science education. Trial and error has long been the method for learning how to avoid problems in the construction of energy-efficient housing, including water intrusion and mold growth. Building codes have addressed these issues in prescriptive ways that were not evidence-based. Stricter building codes or builder licensing requirements are not necessarily the solutions to problems associated with misunderstandings about building science. Motivating professionals currently involved in the housing industry to learn through continuing education is a start, but the core problem must be addressed by including building science education in curricula related to architecture, engineering, construction management and other fields. The long-term solution is to include building science education in academic construction management programs. The purpose of this paper is to review the history of what has come to be known as building science and its importance to the residential construction industry. Problems that result from a lack of knowledge about the field are covered and a potential solution is proposed.展开更多
Since the earliest Kansei works saw the light more than 30 years ago, the Kansei has boomed exponentially. Because of many and various achieved business successes by different working groups as well as the methodology...Since the earliest Kansei works saw the light more than 30 years ago, the Kansei has boomed exponentially. Because of many and various achieved business successes by different working groups as well as the methodology geographical dispersion throughout the world. Multi-faceted Kansei has been developed for the last 20 years in a very wide and varied way. The Kansei has experienced as if talking of a tree, a branching experience still going on nowadays. Today we can speak from Kansei in theory, Kansei emotion measurement, Kansei engineering, Kansei information, Kansei education, Kansei design to Kansei in practice and many other disciplines. Three years ago, our team started the experience to introduce Kansei in the educational atmosphere, applying it to the final degree projects. In the School of Building Engineering at the Universitat Polit^cnica de Valencia and inside its final degree project proposal, a workshop on Kansei engineering was offered. During these years at the eighth semester of the building engineer degree, students have been working for almost five months under the supervision of a team of teachers on their final project till the final public oral defense was made in front of a committee. During these years, we have worked with an average of 10 students per year. Some have successfully completed their final projects, others have not achieved the minimum required. The article aims to explain the experience during the last three years the team has accumulated in Kansei education, and can be of interest for every teacher or lecturer.展开更多
Consciousness is the main quality one can ask architecture students. Consciousness means the ability to recognize that the design process is a ＂problem solving＂ activity and not an exercise of uncontrolled imaginati...Consciousness is the main quality one can ask architecture students. Consciousness means the ability to recognize that the design process is a ＂problem solving＂ activity and not an exercise of uncontrolled imagination. In architectural education, small structures are a common subject in American and European universities where the inductive teaching is practiced routinely. This teaching experiment is developed within a design studio course in the second year of an architecture degree course and regards design and construction of a small bridge l：l scale. The exercises focus on the role of structural behaviour within architectural design. The teaching method contributes to the perception of the great complexity of the design process, to the acquisition of an attitude of prudence in design choices and to attention to detail in the development of creativity.展开更多
This paper analyzes problems of the current vocational architectural art in the sketch teaching, for example the touch of teaching content and professional development, which lags bebind the development of architectur...This paper analyzes problems of the current vocational architectural art in the sketch teaching, for example the touch of teaching content and professional development, which lags bebind the development of architectural design professional and is not conducive to the development of students＇ creative, thinking. Articles combined with years of practical teaching experience, teaching on proposed architectural sketches observation and expression, skill and artistic accomplishment of physical form and structure of the combination is suitable to improve the professional development needs of architectural sketches teaching ideas.展开更多
文摘Brasilia, born of the urban plan by Lficio Costa and of the unexpected concrete structural forms designed by Oscar Niemeyer, knew how to adapt to the new forms that came from the country＇s religious syncretism. This article aims to compare, through religious symbolism, structural forms and architectural spaces, two sacred monuments： The cathedral of Brasilia （1958-1967） and the stupa of the Tibetan Buddhist Center, inaugurated in 2006. The millenary construction form of the stupa, one of the primordial sacred structures for all Buddhism traditions, the sacred symbol of enlightenment, must obey some construction rules according to its lineage＇s Buddhist tradition. In this way, the stupa is the opposite of a strong and fearless structural form embodied in the cathedral, with its 16 revolution hyperboloid concrete pillars and its subterranean entrance. Although built in concrete both are unusual forms of architecture with distinct spatial conception and sculptural form structures. While respecting religious differences, it is noticeable a real commitment between form and structure, volume and religious symbolism. At the conclusion, it is perceivable how distinct forms--the Cathedral and the Stupa--can respond in analog manners to the necessity of a gathering space where visitors go in search of expressing their faith. Along with them, Buddhism and Catholicism are rooted in Brazil＇s new capital.
文摘The paper deals with Jan Patocka＇s considerations on architecture. It presents Patocka＇s concept of space as the union of two sensory fields, the kinaesthetic-tactile and the visual, and it emphasizes that this union is considered as the ＂primordial architecture＂. According to Patocka＇s view, the material architecture is only a consequence of the primordial architecture. The paper also follows Patocka＇s idea of the ＂sacral transubstantiation＂. Patocka argues that, traditionally, the construction of a work of architecture is considered as dependent on favourable conditions, on divine consent with such a construction and the movement of divine powers into constructed work. The origin of architecture is thus religious. The paper considers the relations and differences between the sacred and secular architecture. It highlights Patocka＇s idea that both sacred and secular architecture open a certain world, even thought, the status of the world of sacred architecture differs considerably from that of the world of secular architecture.
基金Sponsored by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2452018138,2452018137)
文摘Although Shaanxi is one of the birthplaces of China＇s Buddhism and Taoism, and temples are extensively distributed across the region, there is not much research on the temple gardens. This is especially true in the Northern Shaanxi area where has harsh natural environmental conditions. Here, a number of mountain temples reflect the constructional wisdom of the ancient monks and conform to the Chinese classical garden. The space environment of Buddhist temples, Taoist temples and the celebrity temples tiiat are both in good condition and located in the mountainous envitonment are taken as the object of this research. In addition to the analysis of examples, a systematic review of the distribution, site selection and space construction of mountain temples in Northern Shaanxi is performed, to provide references for the space environment construction of modem temples or gardens.
文摘In the 1996 AIA （American Institute of Architecture） Convention in Minneapolis, the governing bodies in the education and professionalization of architects in the US （namely, the American Institute of Architecture, American Institute of Architecture Students, National Council of Architectural Registration Boards, National Architecture Accrediting Board and the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture） released the Boyer Report, subsequently published as Building Community： A New Future for Architecture Education and Practice. The report was named in honor of Ernest Boyer, an educational theorist who also participated in writing the text. Less comprehensive than the canonical texts by Marcus Vitruvius Pollio and his interlocutors, it is nonetheless a mirror of our current assumptions about the education of the architect. This paper looks at the epistemology inherited from Vitruvius as it shapes pedagogy up and through the Boyer Report and into the 21 st century. Using a method of comparative analysis applied to past and current architecture programs, our argument is that historical divisions between professional or applied knowledge and liberal or theoretical knowledge inherited from the past limit our capacity within architecture education to integrate new strategies for knowledge creation and dissemination. It is concluded that any serious revision of architecture education means a systematic reconsideration of the basis of architecture knowledge. What of the （persistent） Vitruvian model is relevant in our post-modern condition？ What do we learn from the image of our profession projected through the lens of the Boyer Report and it is like？ In other words, what would Vitruvius do？
文摘The history of the design of St. Joseph the Betrothed church in Olszyna Lubaflska is presented in the paper. The first design of the church was drawn up by a local master builder in 1889 but was given such a poor evaluation by a firm of architects in Berlin that a new project had to be commissioned. The technical opinion on the design is analysed in the paper： both projects are discussed and some of the drawings from the projects are presented. The text of the expert evaluation and the draft of the church have never been published yet.
文摘The issues of analyzing the cultural differences in architecture, and the interaction between culture and space have gained importance in many respects both in practice and in education. ＂Culture＂ and conservation of the ＂cultural heritage＂ have a place in the conditions for the ＂architectural education＂ put forward by the UNESCO （The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization）/UIA （International Union of Architects） Council during the 2002 meeting in Berlin. For this purpose, cultural, social, urban, environmental and architectural values and issues of architectural heritage were defined as specific subjects that should be considered in the preparation of the curriculum to build up a sense of responsibility. From this point of view, this paper aims to propose an educational process for dealing with the sense of cultural heritage and its survival in the modern world, and shares the products of the work carried out at the Project 4 Studio at Faculty of Fine Arts, Department of Interior Architecture, Yeditepe University, as the studio training is the main component of architectural education. The main issue of the paper is to present some examples of the student projects and to consider the importance of design studio, which can gain knowledge about cultural and architectural heritage and develop students＇ skills to adopt and be respectful to traditional values.
文摘Social transformations have been changed in thinking and observable current religious institutions in contemporary architectural manifestations. Likewise, observed these changes in religious buildings of the past, they were current and contemporary in its own time, which has allowed them to remain in force in its architectural spatiality and its urban relationships, serving as the historical bridge 1;hat allows analyzing the contemporary perspective in Mexico and particularly in Yucatan. The goal of this paper is to carry out a contemporary look to the interior and exterior of the temples in Yucatan colonial architecture to establish the process of change and permanence of spatiality and volumes that have allowed liturgy procedures as well as the way of approach to the sacredness of the Catholic communities from the colonial period to the present day. On the other hand, interest to establish, in particular, as the colonials religious buildings have been maintained in force and have appreciated for religious service to continue and in some cases, as they have given other kinds of services while maintaining its primordial spatiality.
基金Funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2005037548).
文摘Based on site studies, historical literature investigation and academic communication, this work aims to dig out the cultural significance in architectural and religious aspects conveyed in cliff carvings in the Bashu region. After casting a glance at the origin and evolution of Bashu culture and religion mainly involving Daoism and Buddhism recorded in forms of cliff carvings, we concentrated on discovering the national, regional and folk architectural characters implicated in cliff carvings at different sites within the Bashu region. The cliff carvings in this region vividly depicted the evolution of the architectural culture hereof. The essence of their religious and architectural connotations can be good stuff to be input in today’s architectural design philosophy.
文摘Indoor Environmental Quality （IEQ） deals with providing a healthy and comfortable indoor environment. Most of international sustainability rating systems consider IEQ as a key perspective for developing sustainable buildings. Educational buildings include large number of people which increase the need to provide appropriate IEQ. Accordingly, there is a critical need to frequently assess of IEQ in this type of buildings in order to maintain the satisfactory level of IEQ. This paper aims to develop a framework for assessing and improving the IEQ of educational buildings in Saudi Arabia through measuring the IEQ parameters and integrating these results with Building Information Modeling （BIM）. The key IEQ parameters considered in this study include thermal comfort, indoor air quality and visual comfort. These parameters have been measured by comfort-sense system, indoor air quality meter and light meter respectively. The measured data are integrated with BIM model in order to track the IEQ problems, and to develop IEQ history over time. By using the proposed framework, the IEQ can be tracked and improved. The IEQ assessment framework has been implemented on educational building in Saudi Arabia as a case study to validate the process and perform the necessary modifications and improvements.
文摘As the demand for high-performance housing grows, so does the need for improvements in building science education. Trial and error has long been the method for learning how to avoid problems in the construction of energy-efficient housing, including water intrusion and mold growth. Building codes have addressed these issues in prescriptive ways that were not evidence-based. Stricter building codes or builder licensing requirements are not necessarily the solutions to problems associated with misunderstandings about building science. Motivating professionals currently involved in the housing industry to learn through continuing education is a start, but the core problem must be addressed by including building science education in curricula related to architecture, engineering, construction management and other fields. The long-term solution is to include building science education in academic construction management programs. The purpose of this paper is to review the history of what has come to be known as building science and its importance to the residential construction industry. Problems that result from a lack of knowledge about the field are covered and a potential solution is proposed.
文摘Since the earliest Kansei works saw the light more than 30 years ago, the Kansei has boomed exponentially. Because of many and various achieved business successes by different working groups as well as the methodology geographical dispersion throughout the world. Multi-faceted Kansei has been developed for the last 20 years in a very wide and varied way. The Kansei has experienced as if talking of a tree, a branching experience still going on nowadays. Today we can speak from Kansei in theory, Kansei emotion measurement, Kansei engineering, Kansei information, Kansei education, Kansei design to Kansei in practice and many other disciplines. Three years ago, our team started the experience to introduce Kansei in the educational atmosphere, applying it to the final degree projects. In the School of Building Engineering at the Universitat Polit^cnica de Valencia and inside its final degree project proposal, a workshop on Kansei engineering was offered. During these years at the eighth semester of the building engineer degree, students have been working for almost five months under the supervision of a team of teachers on their final project till the final public oral defense was made in front of a committee. During these years, we have worked with an average of 10 students per year. Some have successfully completed their final projects, others have not achieved the minimum required. The article aims to explain the experience during the last three years the team has accumulated in Kansei education, and can be of interest for every teacher or lecturer.
文摘Consciousness is the main quality one can ask architecture students. Consciousness means the ability to recognize that the design process is a ＂problem solving＂ activity and not an exercise of uncontrolled imagination. In architectural education, small structures are a common subject in American and European universities where the inductive teaching is practiced routinely. This teaching experiment is developed within a design studio course in the second year of an architecture degree course and regards design and construction of a small bridge l：l scale. The exercises focus on the role of structural behaviour within architectural design. The teaching method contributes to the perception of the great complexity of the design process, to the acquisition of an attitude of prudence in design choices and to attention to detail in the development of creativity.
文摘This paper analyzes problems of the current vocational architectural art in the sketch teaching, for example the touch of teaching content and professional development, which lags bebind the development of architectural design professional and is not conducive to the development of students＇ creative, thinking. Articles combined with years of practical teaching experience, teaching on proposed architectural sketches observation and expression, skill and artistic accomplishment of physical form and structure of the combination is suitable to improve the professional development needs of architectural sketches teaching ideas.
