教材伦理学:思想渊源、逻辑起点及体系构建

教材伦理学既是伦理学原理在教材领域的应用,又是教材研究向伦理学的升华。古今中外,教材伦理思想源远流长、蓄积深厚。学生发展作为教材伦理体系内最为基础的范畴,是教材实践的决定因素及教材发展的根本遵循,因而成为教材研究的逻辑起点。作为兼有应用伦理学和教材学性质的交叉学科,教材伦理学是研究"教材是否以道德上可行的方式传递了有价值的东西"的一门学问。教材伦理学的研究内容可从一般伦理学的视角或教材研究的取向两种逻辑思路进行探究。构建教材伦理学的体系,应从教材主体的活动特点出发,领悟时代发展和教材改革的现实,对教材主体提出的伦理责任、对教材内容的伦理诉求、对教材制度的伦理规约,并从政治伦理、制度伦理、知识伦理、技术伦理等多个视角作出实践应答。

“教以善成”:教材建设的伦理路向及其有效治理

教材建设既要依靠制度的规约,也要深植善美的伦理精神。高质量教材是合科学性与合道德性、合工具性与合目的性的统一。人的全面发展是教材建设的伦理基础和核心导向。进入新时代,我国教材建设取得了历史性成就,同时也存在教材建设主体伦理责任缺位、教材内容设计伦理向度缺失、教材编审制度伦理规约未有效确立等现实困境。立足教材在培养德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人中的重要作用,在坚守教材建设国家立场的前提下,进一步总结教材建设的经验,探索教材建设的规律路径,树立教材崇善观念,完善教材编审规范标准,加强全过程的伦理审查,畅通教材反馈、监督和改进机制,夯实教材建设的伦理根基。

罗国杰对新中国伦理学教材体系的创造性探索与贡献

罗国杰先后主编的《马克思主义伦理学》《伦理学教程》《伦理学》以及撰写的数百篇学术论文,以马克思主义唯物史观和唯物辩证法为指导,全面研究社会生活中的道德现象,在对一般的道德理论问题研究的基础上集中阐释了社会主义社会的道德规范体系,落脚于社会主义新人的实践养成和人格修养,阐发和论述了一系列伦理学的基础理论范畴、基本理论和实践问题,建构了一个融理论伦理学、规范伦理学、美德伦理学和实践伦理学于一体的教材体系。这一教材体系既契合道德生活发展规律和人民群众对美好生活目标追求的理论意蕴,又凸显出了新中国伦理学教材体系和学科体系应有的原则、立场、观点和方法,为此后伦理学教材体系建设提供了基本的框架遵循、理论模式和发展方向,其贡献尤当被人们铭记。

Environmental Education, Environmental Ethics, and Environmental Perceptions of Food Establishment Employees in a Philippine University

The waste management challenge in university campuses includes food and food packaging materials. Being foremost affected by the food-related waste stream, 92 employees from food establishments located inside the University of the Philippines were provided expert-validated survey questionnaire to identify their perception on environment and pollution as well as describe their awareness on environmental education and environmental ethics concepts. Thirty-nine （42.4%） related the concept of environment mainly to trees, plants, animals, and the physical environment such as rivers. Only twenty-six （28.3%） expressed an attitude of concern on the current state of the environment. Six （6.5%） conveyed negative human behavior as the reason why the environment is in a dismal state and the same percentage （6.5%） showed concern for the environment mainly because humans benefit from it. Fifteen （16.3%） opted not to share their opinion. For perception on pollution, thirty-six （39.1%） linked the concept to the presence of land, air, or water pollution and twenty-three （25%） associated the pollution to negative effects on human health and on the environment. Twelve （13%） mentioned concern over the presence of pollution and twenty-one （22.8%） did not share their opinion on pollution. Awareness on environmental ethics concepts was identified using 15-item Likert Scale Questionnaire. Areas in environmental concepts where participants most strongly agreed include ＂value of life,＂ diversity and intrinsic value, cooperation, common good, and social responsibility. Results of this survey will be integrated into the discourse on the proposed policy of the University of the Philippines to segregate waste at-source. The said policy seeks to ensure that： （1） only food waste from concessionaires will be deposited directly to the compost site; （2） recyclables are to be sold; and （3） only residuals such as non-biodegradables and non-recyclables are to be sent to the dumpsite.

培养有大格局人格的新时代儿童

新时代儿童未来肩负民族复兴大任,要有大爱大德大情怀,这是对中国大格局君子人格传统的现代召唤。大格局人格包含超越“小我”的远大志向、以公共福祉为落点的责任担当,以及将普遍善优先于特殊利益的价值立场。新时代儿童培育要从目标入手,明确将大格局人格作为时代新人培育的德育目标,以儿童生活为起点,将自我-家庭-社会-国家-天下逐渐扩展的五级价值秩序作为德育教材编写的伦理逻辑,将大格局人格养成融入学校整体育人体系,以儿童动态道德地图的形成作为德育教学与评价的显性指标,推动儿童实现生活意义的大格局人格建构。