Communicative Language Teaching （CLT） lays emphasis on communication in the classroom, pair and group activities and student involvement in the learning process. Amid the classroom activities, group discussion predo...Communicative Language Teaching （CLT） lays emphasis on communication in the classroom, pair and group activities and student involvement in the learning process. Amid the classroom activities, group discussion predominates in almost all EFL classroom teaching, characterized by maximized participation of language learners. Several elements contribute to a fruitful group discussion, namely, grouping, topic selection, process control and outcome presentation. The interdependence and interaction of all the elements help to build up a productive group discussion and finalize with novice ideas. In spite of all the advantages, some constraints on group discussion still deserve our attention.展开更多
In foreign language teaching, the communicative approach has been a dominant method for decades. However, some misconceptions of the communicative approach affect the results of group interaction teaching. This articl...In foreign language teaching, the communicative approach has been a dominant method for decades. However, some misconceptions of the communicative approach affect the results of group interaction teaching. This article tries to explore some existing problems as well as some relevant solution in the application of group activities in colleges with the aid of observation, questionnaire and interview.展开更多
This research focused on ＂half-a-day＂ as a mode of internalizing vocational and technical education by the youths in Nigeria. It traced the origin of ＂half-a-day＂ linking it with the ingenuity of the youths to mak...This research focused on ＂half-a-day＂ as a mode of internalizing vocational and technical education by the youths in Nigeria. It traced the origin of ＂half-a-day＂ linking it with the ingenuity of the youths to make the formal education that they have acquired operational. It also discussed the traditional education with its apprenticeship system as being modified through the ＂half-a-day＂ syndrome. The study is historical and descriptive therefore, social survey method was employed using unscheduled interview and consulting relevant literature. It was discovered that, apart from the failure of the educational system due to lack of proper infrastructure, the youths, especially those from the lower class, have reasoned that the salaries from the white-collar jobs may not be enough to sustain them. It is, therefore, recommended, among others, that： Government can institutionalise the ＂half-a-day＂ as a form of summer school and certify both the centres of learning and learners.展开更多
Politics adhere to the mass line; we should earnestly implement the mass line of the scientific method to the ideological and political work and adhere to the mass line. Above all, we should use the Marxist dialectica...Politics adhere to the mass line; we should earnestly implement the mass line of the scientific method to the ideological and political work and adhere to the mass line. Above all, we should use the Marxist dialectical materialism to guide practical work. Political work must be combined with the new practice; it should adhere to and constantly enrich and develop the principle of scientific method. Ideological and political education refers to the social or social group forming a certain ideology, political views and ethics, imposing purposeful, planned, organized influence on its members, so that they form a certain class or social group who need moral social practice. Ideological and political education is the study of people＇ s thinking, moral formation, and development patterns on people＇ s ideological and political education of the laws of science.展开更多
China faces toughest after-quake reconstruction since 1976.In contrast,with neighbouring Myanmar s lethargic and secre- tive handling of its cyclone ten days earlier, China responded to the earthquake rapidly and with...China faces toughest after-quake reconstruction since 1976.In contrast,with neighbouring Myanmar s lethargic and secre- tive handling of its cyclone ten days earlier, China responded to the earthquake rapidly and with uncharacteristic openness.展开更多
The major importance of forests is critical to the survival on planet Earth. Forests are threatened by a lot of dangers and all of us have to contribute to the fight for their survival. The methodology of school resea...The major importance of forests is critical to the survival on planet Earth. Forests are threatened by a lot of dangers and all of us have to contribute to the fight for their survival. The methodology of school research on pine woods which is described below, aims to cultivate more sensitive, educated and activated students, by accordingly specialized teachers who are going to organize the educational background, also to decide techniques and materials for the easiest and most effective learning, for the cultivation of values, attitudes and friendly behaviors towards forests. The suggested methodology is based on the findings of a European Comenius Program and two Programs of Environmental Education. The research usually takes place in a pine land, by using a worksheet as experimental tool, and focuses on the vitality of the trees, the biodiversity, the effects of pollution and other cultural elements related to the pine bio-community. There is also a lot of informative discussion and research over cultural, social and economical factors with locals and specialists.展开更多
The development of industrial cluster plays a significant influence on the major construction of higher vocational colleges. In this paper, in combination with the practice of Jiangyin Polytechnic College, the interac...The development of industrial cluster plays a significant influence on the major construction of higher vocational colleges. In this paper, in combination with the practice of Jiangyin Polytechnic College, the interaction relationship between the construction of the major clusters in higher vocational colleges and the development of the regional industry clusters is analyzed, and then the significance and idea of constructing the maior clusters are introduced from the perspective of industrial cluster.展开更多
Rural masses in India view English as the language of socio-economic empowerment through education. Education could be either in English or in regional languages, but children should learn English, because it is seen ...Rural masses in India view English as the language of socio-economic empowerment through education. Education could be either in English or in regional languages, but children should learn English, because it is seen as the key to the world of opportunities in higher education and employment. The governments need to politically respond to the aspirations of the common masses keeping aside both politicised language policies and theoretical linguistic inputs that encourage one＇s mother tongue as the ideal medium of instruction. Onerous responsibility lays on men, methods, and materials over which government have the least say, but the practising teachers of English and academics who help bureaucrats in framing language policies in India are solely responsible for non-realization of dreams of the masses. There is something terribly rotten in the state of English-teaching enterprise in India. This paper proposes to examine the present state of affairs in the teaching of English to rural students and to offer constructive alternatives to the existing package of men, materials, and methods.展开更多
Using CHIP （Chinese Household Income Project Survey） data and the sample selection bias corrected wage function model, this paper estimated changes in wage structure in China by ownership types （SOEs, COEs, FEs, an...Using CHIP （Chinese Household Income Project Survey） data and the sample selection bias corrected wage function model, this paper estimated changes in wage structure in China by ownership types （SOEs, COEs, FEs, and PEs） in 1995 and 2007. The major conclusions are as follows. First, effects of education on wage levels in SOEs and FEs become greater, while education effects decrease in SOEs and PEs under economic transition periods; firm-specific human capital becomes more important in the wage determination mechanism along with market-oriented reforms in SOEs, PEs, and FEs; age effect decreases in SOEs and COEs, but it becomes greater in PEs and FEs. Second, there exist wage structure differences between sectors by wage distributions. For example, in 2007, in SOEs, education return rates are higher for the low-wage and middle-wage groups, and the effect is the highest at the 40th percentile. However in COEs and FEs, education return rates are higher for the high-wage groups, and the effect is the highest at the 70th percentile in COEs and at the 70th percentile in FEs. Tenure effects are greater in the middle-wage groups （40th-80th） in SOEs, COEs, and FEs, and age effects are greater in the low-wage groups （5th-30th） in SOEs, FEs, and PEs.展开更多
Measurement, data collection, and analyzing statistically the spectral response of different bottom types are all important steps in mapping shallow water bottom types with remote sensing. Five small islands in the Sp...Measurement, data collection, and analyzing statistically the spectral response of different bottom types are all important steps in mapping shallow water bottom types with remote sensing. Five small islands in the Spermonde archipelago, South Sulawesi, in Indonesia, were selected to measure the reflectance spectral of benthic communities. The objective of this study was to determine optical properties of the live corals, dead corals covered with algae, coral rubber covered with algae, broken shell, sand, seagrass and macro algae. Pearson correlation coefficient and cluster analysis were used to determine spectral similarity in and among coral species based on spectral responses at observed wavelengths and to examine the similarities between the categories. Several benthic communities appear to be highly correlated with one another when the entire spectrum is considered, which may lead to classification errors. Porites meyeri, dead corals and coral rubber （〉 3 months ago） share a high degree of similarity in reflectance. The other coastal benthic communities are readily discriminated.展开更多
Social Work students typically enroll in the required practice methods courses that are specified by the Council on Social Work Education. At least in the majority of BSW Programs, these practice methods courses are d...Social Work students typically enroll in the required practice methods courses that are specified by the Council on Social Work Education. At least in the majority of BSW Programs, these practice methods courses are divided into micro-level and macro-level sequences. Individual and family systems are covered in the former sequence, while communities and organizations are the systems of focus in the latter sequence. The group system is often minimized and/or completely ignored in the process, even though there may be some reference made to groups in both practice methods sequences. Consequently, the mezzo-level system of groups is only given ＂lip-service＂ in the dyadic division of micro and macro-level practice. Furthermore, students often do not have the opportunity to practice in group settings, much less, develop competency in these professional venues. This paper describes a teaching format used in a BSW Program in an effort to ensure student competency as required in a Groups Practice course. The triangular model includes： （1） Classroom teaching of theory; （2） Practice of group dynamics; and （3） Supervision by instructors and MSW students.展开更多
India is the world＇s largest democracy. The preamble of the constitution enshrines the values of a socialist, secular and equality. The aim was to create a society, based on fair and equitable distribution of resourc...India is the world＇s largest democracy. The preamble of the constitution enshrines the values of a socialist, secular and equality. The aim was to create a society, based on fair and equitable distribution of resources and bringing the weaker sections to the mainstream of the society. However with the entry of globalization rapid changes were being made in the structural policy. Markets started taking over from where the state left off. it has been two decades and half since the liberalization, privatization and globalization phase was ushered in. Subsequently, privatization of education is rampant in each part of education system of India. The main objective of this paper is to find out socio-educational inequality at higher education level and to explore the educational participation, attainment and performance of scheduled castes at higher education level. Basically, this study is an empirical and exploratory research. Data collection and analysis were done through the data triangulation methods in this research process.展开更多
文摘Communicative Language Teaching （CLT） lays emphasis on communication in the classroom, pair and group activities and student involvement in the learning process. Amid the classroom activities, group discussion predominates in almost all EFL classroom teaching, characterized by maximized participation of language learners. Several elements contribute to a fruitful group discussion, namely, grouping, topic selection, process control and outcome presentation. The interdependence and interaction of all the elements help to build up a productive group discussion and finalize with novice ideas. In spite of all the advantages, some constraints on group discussion still deserve our attention.
文摘In foreign language teaching, the communicative approach has been a dominant method for decades. However, some misconceptions of the communicative approach affect the results of group interaction teaching. This article tries to explore some existing problems as well as some relevant solution in the application of group activities in colleges with the aid of observation, questionnaire and interview.
文摘This research focused on ＂half-a-day＂ as a mode of internalizing vocational and technical education by the youths in Nigeria. It traced the origin of ＂half-a-day＂ linking it with the ingenuity of the youths to make the formal education that they have acquired operational. It also discussed the traditional education with its apprenticeship system as being modified through the ＂half-a-day＂ syndrome. The study is historical and descriptive therefore, social survey method was employed using unscheduled interview and consulting relevant literature. It was discovered that, apart from the failure of the educational system due to lack of proper infrastructure, the youths, especially those from the lower class, have reasoned that the salaries from the white-collar jobs may not be enough to sustain them. It is, therefore, recommended, among others, that： Government can institutionalise the ＂half-a-day＂ as a form of summer school and certify both the centres of learning and learners.
文摘Politics adhere to the mass line; we should earnestly implement the mass line of the scientific method to the ideological and political work and adhere to the mass line. Above all, we should use the Marxist dialectical materialism to guide practical work. Political work must be combined with the new practice; it should adhere to and constantly enrich and develop the principle of scientific method. Ideological and political education refers to the social or social group forming a certain ideology, political views and ethics, imposing purposeful, planned, organized influence on its members, so that they form a certain class or social group who need moral social practice. Ideological and political education is the study of people＇ s thinking, moral formation, and development patterns on people＇ s ideological and political education of the laws of science.
文摘China faces toughest after-quake reconstruction since 1976.In contrast,with neighbouring Myanmar s lethargic and secre- tive handling of its cyclone ten days earlier, China responded to the earthquake rapidly and with uncharacteristic openness.
文摘The major importance of forests is critical to the survival on planet Earth. Forests are threatened by a lot of dangers and all of us have to contribute to the fight for their survival. The methodology of school research on pine woods which is described below, aims to cultivate more sensitive, educated and activated students, by accordingly specialized teachers who are going to organize the educational background, also to decide techniques and materials for the easiest and most effective learning, for the cultivation of values, attitudes and friendly behaviors towards forests. The suggested methodology is based on the findings of a European Comenius Program and two Programs of Environmental Education. The research usually takes place in a pine land, by using a worksheet as experimental tool, and focuses on the vitality of the trees, the biodiversity, the effects of pollution and other cultural elements related to the pine bio-community. There is also a lot of informative discussion and research over cultural, social and economical factors with locals and specialists.
文摘The development of industrial cluster plays a significant influence on the major construction of higher vocational colleges. In this paper, in combination with the practice of Jiangyin Polytechnic College, the interaction relationship between the construction of the major clusters in higher vocational colleges and the development of the regional industry clusters is analyzed, and then the significance and idea of constructing the maior clusters are introduced from the perspective of industrial cluster.
文摘Rural masses in India view English as the language of socio-economic empowerment through education. Education could be either in English or in regional languages, but children should learn English, because it is seen as the key to the world of opportunities in higher education and employment. The governments need to politically respond to the aspirations of the common masses keeping aside both politicised language policies and theoretical linguistic inputs that encourage one＇s mother tongue as the ideal medium of instruction. Onerous responsibility lays on men, methods, and materials over which government have the least say, but the practising teachers of English and academics who help bureaucrats in framing language policies in India are solely responsible for non-realization of dreams of the masses. There is something terribly rotten in the state of English-teaching enterprise in India. This paper proposes to examine the present state of affairs in the teaching of English to rural students and to offer constructive alternatives to the existing package of men, materials, and methods.
文摘Using CHIP （Chinese Household Income Project Survey） data and the sample selection bias corrected wage function model, this paper estimated changes in wage structure in China by ownership types （SOEs, COEs, FEs, and PEs） in 1995 and 2007. The major conclusions are as follows. First, effects of education on wage levels in SOEs and FEs become greater, while education effects decrease in SOEs and PEs under economic transition periods; firm-specific human capital becomes more important in the wage determination mechanism along with market-oriented reforms in SOEs, PEs, and FEs; age effect decreases in SOEs and COEs, but it becomes greater in PEs and FEs. Second, there exist wage structure differences between sectors by wage distributions. For example, in 2007, in SOEs, education return rates are higher for the low-wage and middle-wage groups, and the effect is the highest at the 40th percentile. However in COEs and FEs, education return rates are higher for the high-wage groups, and the effect is the highest at the 70th percentile in COEs and at the 70th percentile in FEs. Tenure effects are greater in the middle-wage groups （40th-80th） in SOEs, COEs, and FEs, and age effects are greater in the low-wage groups （5th-30th） in SOEs, FEs, and PEs.
文摘Measurement, data collection, and analyzing statistically the spectral response of different bottom types are all important steps in mapping shallow water bottom types with remote sensing. Five small islands in the Spermonde archipelago, South Sulawesi, in Indonesia, were selected to measure the reflectance spectral of benthic communities. The objective of this study was to determine optical properties of the live corals, dead corals covered with algae, coral rubber covered with algae, broken shell, sand, seagrass and macro algae. Pearson correlation coefficient and cluster analysis were used to determine spectral similarity in and among coral species based on spectral responses at observed wavelengths and to examine the similarities between the categories. Several benthic communities appear to be highly correlated with one another when the entire spectrum is considered, which may lead to classification errors. Porites meyeri, dead corals and coral rubber （〉 3 months ago） share a high degree of similarity in reflectance. The other coastal benthic communities are readily discriminated.
文摘Social Work students typically enroll in the required practice methods courses that are specified by the Council on Social Work Education. At least in the majority of BSW Programs, these practice methods courses are divided into micro-level and macro-level sequences. Individual and family systems are covered in the former sequence, while communities and organizations are the systems of focus in the latter sequence. The group system is often minimized and/or completely ignored in the process, even though there may be some reference made to groups in both practice methods sequences. Consequently, the mezzo-level system of groups is only given ＂lip-service＂ in the dyadic division of micro and macro-level practice. Furthermore, students often do not have the opportunity to practice in group settings, much less, develop competency in these professional venues. This paper describes a teaching format used in a BSW Program in an effort to ensure student competency as required in a Groups Practice course. The triangular model includes： （1） Classroom teaching of theory; （2） Practice of group dynamics; and （3） Supervision by instructors and MSW students.
文摘India is the world＇s largest democracy. The preamble of the constitution enshrines the values of a socialist, secular and equality. The aim was to create a society, based on fair and equitable distribution of resources and bringing the weaker sections to the mainstream of the society. However with the entry of globalization rapid changes were being made in the structural policy. Markets started taking over from where the state left off. it has been two decades and half since the liberalization, privatization and globalization phase was ushered in. Subsequently, privatization of education is rampant in each part of education system of India. The main objective of this paper is to find out socio-educational inequality at higher education level and to explore the educational participation, attainment and performance of scheduled castes at higher education level. Basically, this study is an empirical and exploratory research. Data collection and analysis were done through the data triangulation methods in this research process.
