To evaluate the quality and accuracy of websites written to the public on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis) and assess their readability level.METHODSGoogle™, Bing™, and Yahoo™...To evaluate the quality and accuracy of websites written to the public on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis) and assess their readability level.METHODSGoogle™, Bing™, and Yahoo™ search engines were searched independently by three researchers in December 2014. Only English-language websites were selected on the basis of predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Researchers independently evaluated the quality of each website by using the DISCERN and the HONcode instruments. The readability levels were calculated using two formulas; the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Index, and the Coleman-Liau Readability Index. The agreement between the evaluators was calculated using Cohen kappa coefficient.RESULTSEighty-four websites were finally identified. Scores varied from a minimum DISCERN score of 18 to a maximum of 68 [mean ± SD, 42.2 ± 10.7; median = 41.5, interquartile range, interquartile range (IQR) = 15.8] and a minimum score of HONcode of 0.14 and a maximum of 0.95 (mean ± SD, 0.16 ± 0.19; median = 0.45, IQR = 0.29). Most of these websites were reviewed in 2014 and 2015 (n = 51). The creators of these websites were: universities and research centers (n = 25, 30%), foundations and associations (n = 15, 18%), commercial and pharmaceutical companies (n = 25, 30%), charities and volunteer work (n = 9, 10%), and non-university educational bodies (n = 10, 12%). The Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level readability score (mean ± SD) was 11.9 ± 2.4 and the Coleman-Liau Readability Index score was 12.6 ± 1.5. Significant correlation was found between the two readability scores (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.509, P = 0.001). The overall agreement between evaluators measured by Cohen kappa coefficient was in the range of 0.804-0.876; rated as 'Good'.CONCLUSIONThe DISCERN and the HONcode scores of websites varied and the readability levels of most websites were above the public readability level. The study highlights the areas that need further improvement and development in patient education online materials about IBD.展开更多
In the current modem society, information technology enjoys rapid development and information resources increase sharply. In this context, information literacy has been an important indicator for assessing a talent's...In the current modem society, information technology enjoys rapid development and information resources increase sharply. In this context, information literacy has been an important indicator for assessing a talent's comprehensive quality. As a compulsory public course for college students not majoring in computers, computer basic course plays a significant role in cultivating college students' information literacy. However, how to improve contemporary college students' information literacy, facilitate the teaching reform in fundamental computer education, and effectively improve college students' capacities of solving problems with computers is a difficult question faced by fundamental computer education in colleges and universities展开更多
As a representative of the development and application of information and communication technob ogy (ICr), the Internet of Things (loT) has attracted world attention. However, the effect of loT on economic growth ...As a representative of the development and application of information and communication technob ogy (ICr), the Internet of Things (loT) has attracted world attention. However, the effect of loT on economic growth has not been fully explored. This paper analyzes this issue from the perspective of ICT investment. After analyzing the data of eight representative provinces from 1996 to 2008, we f'md out that the effect of ICT investment on e- conomic growth is limited and the levels of telecom- munications infrastructure and education are key factors influencing the effect. Thus it's necessary to further improve the telecommunications infrastructure and enhance related education and training to promote the effect of loT on economic growth.展开更多
Indonesia government in this term Directorate General of Higher Education providing grants for ICT infrastructttres supplied through all bequest competitions. The kinds and amount of the grants are various which can b...Indonesia government in this term Directorate General of Higher Education providing grants for ICT infrastructttres supplied through all bequest competitions. The kinds and amount of the grants are various which can be used to provide hardware to make ICT based teaching materials. The government issued a huge amount of funds, therefore, it must be balanced with an optimal utilization. This research aims to analyze cost efficiency of dual mode web-based learning in Indonesia. The object of this research is four higher educations in Indonesia. The analysis is done by comparing the average cost per student and the average cost per subject among 4 institutions. The result showed that there are institutions that issued higher cost compared with the others in producing the same learning media.展开更多
Brazilian studies in (Critical) Applied Linguistics' field have being carried out focusing on ethics. They focused on the relation between ethics and two main contexts: education and research. This paper aims at d...Brazilian studies in (Critical) Applied Linguistics' field have being carried out focusing on ethics. They focused on the relation between ethics and two main contexts: education and research. This paper aims at discussing what ethical procedures were taken in international studies. The data were collected at ERIC (Educational Resources Information Centre) database during the first semester of 2016. As analytical categories, we used the ethical procedures established by Brazilian Applied Linguists. The contribution is addressed to both BAL and International Applied Linguists once it offers an overview about a specific topic of research (viz., ethics). As results, we observed that most of the topics presented by the Brazilian applied linguists were also covered by the research analyses. However, the social relevance was not reported properly by the data and that may be improved.展开更多
The integration of information technology and the continuous development of the information network make the college physical education degree of information technology constantly improving. College physical education...The integration of information technology and the continuous development of the information network make the college physical education degree of information technology constantly improving. College physical education is not only formed in the internal network, then sharing information resources and making sports teaching organization efficient as a whole, but communicate with the external network, formatting the Internet and producing significant changes in the teaching environment of college sports and sports teaching. College physical education is facing the reformation of better educated and digitization, virtualization, molecules, networking, agile and globalization. Physical education and sports teaching degree of information is closely related.展开更多
基金Supportedby the College of Medicine Research Center,Deanship of Scientific Research,King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
文摘To evaluate the quality and accuracy of websites written to the public on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis) and assess their readability level.METHODSGoogle™, Bing™, and Yahoo™ search engines were searched independently by three researchers in December 2014. Only English-language websites were selected on the basis of predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Researchers independently evaluated the quality of each website by using the DISCERN and the HONcode instruments. The readability levels were calculated using two formulas; the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Index, and the Coleman-Liau Readability Index. The agreement between the evaluators was calculated using Cohen kappa coefficient.RESULTSEighty-four websites were finally identified. Scores varied from a minimum DISCERN score of 18 to a maximum of 68 [mean ± SD, 42.2 ± 10.7; median = 41.5, interquartile range, interquartile range (IQR) = 15.8] and a minimum score of HONcode of 0.14 and a maximum of 0.95 (mean ± SD, 0.16 ± 0.19; median = 0.45, IQR = 0.29). Most of these websites were reviewed in 2014 and 2015 (n = 51). The creators of these websites were: universities and research centers (n = 25, 30%), foundations and associations (n = 15, 18%), commercial and pharmaceutical companies (n = 25, 30%), charities and volunteer work (n = 9, 10%), and non-university educational bodies (n = 10, 12%). The Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level readability score (mean ± SD) was 11.9 ± 2.4 and the Coleman-Liau Readability Index score was 12.6 ± 1.5. Significant correlation was found between the two readability scores (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.509, P = 0.001). The overall agreement between evaluators measured by Cohen kappa coefficient was in the range of 0.804-0.876; rated as 'Good'.CONCLUSIONThe DISCERN and the HONcode scores of websites varied and the readability levels of most websites were above the public readability level. The study highlights the areas that need further improvement and development in patient education online materials about IBD.
文摘In the current modem society, information technology enjoys rapid development and information resources increase sharply. In this context, information literacy has been an important indicator for assessing a talent's comprehensive quality. As a compulsory public course for college students not majoring in computers, computer basic course plays a significant role in cultivating college students' information literacy. However, how to improve contemporary college students' information literacy, facilitate the teaching reform in fundamental computer education, and effectively improve college students' capacities of solving problems with computers is a difficult question faced by fundamental computer education in colleges and universities
基金supported by the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education.(108011)Joint Construction Project of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education(XK100130439)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2009RC1005)
文摘As a representative of the development and application of information and communication technob ogy (ICr), the Internet of Things (loT) has attracted world attention. However, the effect of loT on economic growth has not been fully explored. This paper analyzes this issue from the perspective of ICT investment. After analyzing the data of eight representative provinces from 1996 to 2008, we f'md out that the effect of ICT investment on e- conomic growth is limited and the levels of telecom- munications infrastructure and education are key factors influencing the effect. Thus it's necessary to further improve the telecommunications infrastructure and enhance related education and training to promote the effect of loT on economic growth.
文摘Indonesia government in this term Directorate General of Higher Education providing grants for ICT infrastructttres supplied through all bequest competitions. The kinds and amount of the grants are various which can be used to provide hardware to make ICT based teaching materials. The government issued a huge amount of funds, therefore, it must be balanced with an optimal utilization. This research aims to analyze cost efficiency of dual mode web-based learning in Indonesia. The object of this research is four higher educations in Indonesia. The analysis is done by comparing the average cost per student and the average cost per subject among 4 institutions. The result showed that there are institutions that issued higher cost compared with the others in producing the same learning media.
文摘Brazilian studies in (Critical) Applied Linguistics' field have being carried out focusing on ethics. They focused on the relation between ethics and two main contexts: education and research. This paper aims at discussing what ethical procedures were taken in international studies. The data were collected at ERIC (Educational Resources Information Centre) database during the first semester of 2016. As analytical categories, we used the ethical procedures established by Brazilian Applied Linguists. The contribution is addressed to both BAL and International Applied Linguists once it offers an overview about a specific topic of research (viz., ethics). As results, we observed that most of the topics presented by the Brazilian applied linguists were also covered by the research analyses. However, the social relevance was not reported properly by the data and that may be improved.
文摘The integration of information technology and the continuous development of the information network make the college physical education degree of information technology constantly improving. College physical education is not only formed in the internal network, then sharing information resources and making sports teaching organization efficient as a whole, but communicate with the external network, formatting the Internet and producing significant changes in the teaching environment of college sports and sports teaching. College physical education is facing the reformation of better educated and digitization, virtualization, molecules, networking, agile and globalization. Physical education and sports teaching degree of information is closely related.