高中美术欣赏及教育管理对策探讨

艺术教育在学生的成长过程中起到重要作用,在素质教育广泛推行的今天,艺术教育越来越受到人们的重视。然而,目前高中教育依然是以应试教育为主,大部分学校和地区都没有给以艺术教育充分的重视,使高中美术教育在这种情况下发展缓慢。因此,作为高中美术教师,希望通过本文发表自身对于高中美术欣赏及教育管理的见解,为高中美术教育起到良好的促进作用。

课堂教学中教与学互动的实践

我国是一个有着悠久教育历史的文明古国,学校教育从教学过程产生的那一天起,就出现了老师和学生。教师和学生构成了整个教育结构中两个基本的因素,"教"是指教师传授知识,"学"是指学生求取知识;"教与学"本应该是两个目标相互作用的共同体,具有同一性和统一性。但是在传统的教育制度所形成的教学模式下,学生只能被动地从课堂接受知识,从而扼杀了学生的个性动力,熄灭了他们的创新之火。那么如何解决好教与学这一对矛盾。

Three Models of English Education in China＇s Universities ——-A Historical Perspective

In the present paper, a comparison is made of the three formats in the history of EECU （English education in China＇s universities）. In the first period （1904-1949）, English education was conducted separately in government-managed educational institutions and in institutions sponsored by church-related organizations; English education was well-knit with both general education and specialty education; and self-motivating learning was encouraged. In the second period （1950-1966）, almost everything was tinted with a shady color of politics： A halt was addressed drastically to EEC （English education in China） in 1952. In the gradual recovery that started four years later, the second format was sawed and hammered, showing the following features： All non-government-mamaged institutions vanished from the stage; English was taught solely as a language or a system of verbal parts, almost deprived of all cultural loading. The third period （1978 onwards） has witnessed a barrier-free and rapid development of over three decades, resulting in the unprecedented pervasion of EECU. Yet in the third tbrmat, learners＇ efforts have turned wholly test-oriented, degenerating into the saddening disintegrity of learning as a process into isolated charges to the target of a test at a time; the ignorant reduction of the learning methods to ＂Vocabulary Booklets Plus Collections of Test Papers＂. Such a comparison not only provides a multi-dimensional perspective of EECU and a better understanding of it, but also offers some important experiences and lessons for the search of an effective solution to the pervasive problem of＂Time-Consumingness and Low-Efficiency＂.

Several Theoretical Problems Concerning PhD Candidate＇s Education in the Area of Modern Management Accounting

This paper consists of five parts： Part one： ＂Modem Management Accounting Has Been Confronting with Serious Crises＂ points out that accompanied by the management systems shifting from material basis to human （knowledge） basis, and the IT developing rapidly, the management accountants＇ services that continue to remain at original level would become no useful very soon. Part two： ＂PhD Candidates＇ Education Would Be Essential to Develop Their Disciplines＇ Scholarship＂ explores the main peculiarities of PhD candidates＇ education, and why the development of PhD Candidates＇ Creative thinking should be permeated through the doctoral programs from the beginning to the end, so as to make them possible to develop their disciplines＇ scholarship. Part three： ＂The Quality Requirements of PhD Candidates in the Area of Modern Management Accounting＂ explains in detail why the development of management accounting should shift from the quantitative perspective to humanistic perspective so that management accountants can play an important role in the process of decision-making on the basis of employing their comprehension thinking that is a kind of humanistic thinking. This paper views this direction of development is essential to promote management accountants＇ self-impendence and self-vitality and to eliminate their crises cited above as well in the new historical era. Part Four： ＂The Key Points of the Doctoral Program in Modem Management Accounting＂ explores how to implement a doctoral program successfully in order to develop PhD Candidates＇ Creative Thinking, carrying forward academic democracy emphasized. Part Five： ＂Conclusion＂ points out how the topics discussed in this paper are linked up each other, and why and how the new developing tendency of management accounting is essential to make this discipline more suitable to the development of knowledge economy.

Teacher Training in Turkey From Historical Perspective

A major educational debate today concerns how to recruit and prepare teachers all over the world. In other words policy makers in education attempt to figure out high quality initial teacher training programs. Similarly, one of the main controversial issues in Turkey is who is going to be a teacher. Alternative programs for recruiting and preparing teacher have been devised, discussed, and applied. However, these programs have been implemented not because of results of research comparing the effectiveness of teachers from different types of preparation backgrounds but the program has been implemented because of current government policies. Since Turkish education system is centralized, the Ministry of National Education appoints all novice teachers according to their scores in the nationwide state examination conducted by state for state employee. Teachers in Turkey are recruited from two sources： One is education faculty graduates to be teacher at elementary, middle and high schools. The other source is different faculty graduates such as faculty of literature, art, science, theology, and etc. to teacher, particularly, at high schools. The aim of this study is to review teacher training and recruitment in Turkey from 1923 to present. The method of this study is to analyze printed document and changing policies and reforms about training and recruiting teachers in Turkish schools. During the Republic Era teacher training policies and applications have been changed several times radically. In addition, the effectiveness of factors on teacher training policies in terms of year and theory is indicated.

Seroepidemiology of hepatitis A virus in Kuwait

AIM: To fi nd the current seroepidemiology of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in Kuwait.METHODS: A total of 2851 Kuwaitis applying for new jobs were screened.RESULTS: HAV-positive cases were 28.8%; 59% were males and 41% were females. The highest prevalence was in the Ahmadi area. High prevalence was among the group of non-educated rather than educated parents. This is the fi rst study in Kuwait demonstrating the shifting epidemiology of HAV.CONCLUSION: This study reflects the need of the Kuwaiti population for an HAV vaccine.

History of Apartheid Education and the Problems of Reconstruction in South Africa

This paper outlines the rationale of Bantu education that was available for South African Blacks from 1953 to 1992. The paper is of the opinion that challenges of constructing a new education system in post-apartheid South Africa cannot be fully grasped without a proper understanding of the pervasive impact of Bantu education on the majority for a period of almost 60 years. It also discusses the educational vision and goals of the important organizations in the liberation movement such as the African National Congress, the Azanian People＇s Organization, and the Pan Africanist Congress that continue to shape educational debates in the present educational reform context. The paper argues that the present curriculum by its very history and origins does not address the problems that have been created by the ideology of the former South African education system. Salient to these problems is the over-emphasis on Christian/European education that is not realistic in many regions of South Africa. The paper argues that curriculum has to reflect the cultural and racial diversity in South Africa, and further suggests that all languages and cultures in South Africa are essential in the building of an anti-racist and anti-sexist society. The monitoring of academic activity in a democratic education system can be confusing to teachers who have been trained within the confines of an apartheid （Bantu） education. The paper therefore suggests that more funds will have to be put aside by the government to upgrade the pedagogical approach of teachers so that they can be able to deal with their new role of leadership and the developing of content, and tackle issues of sexism/racism both in and out of the classroom.

Discussion of the impact of folk arts on the art education in our country and the enlightenment of the creative thinking

In the face of various problems in the current art education, the targeted reform is very important. This reform can be embarked from the folk art handed down from the folk. In the classrooms, we should let the students contact the traditional arts and crafts, so that they know more about arts. In the history of China＇s bright and colorful folk arts, there flash numerous art forms, including the facial makeup art and culture, the shadow play art and culture, the paper-cut art and culture, and the kite drawing art and culture, and so on. These are the unique arts only of our nation with five thousand years of the development, and we need to well integrate them into the current art education, so as to form the unique system of the art education. This can not only play the role of inheriting the traditional Chinese cultures, but also can well arouse the children＇s interest in arts and their art creativity.

The Deficiency and Embarrassment of Chinese Music History

Chinese music history is a rigorous discipline of analyzing, studying and describing Chinese music development and evolution process, which has typical historical factors. Chinese music covers a wide range, which includes China traditional opera, minority drama, local and regional opera, and the song and dance drama and music with the sense of the times.However, in the music history research and teaching in our country currently, because the current art education of the old system and the traditional mechanical reasons, study on the history of music lacks of effective view in the breadth and depth.Because of these reasons, there is a lack of the object of study and research methods, so in the course of study on the China music history, it has some deficiency and embarrassing phenomenon.In this paper, it takes the analysis on deletion and embarrassing situations in our country at present on the history of music, and finds out the corresponding solutions for it.

Opportunities and Challenges for Global Student Mobility： A Study on Undergraduates＇ Experiences

This paper examines the study abroad experiences of undergraduates, explores the students＇ values and perspectives on being global citizens, and expresses the way they think of themselves as members of the broader world community. The research was conducted by interviewing students who had experiences studying abroad. It aims to open a debate about the meanings and understandings of global student mobility which is based on the opinions and values of college students who had either long or short-term study abroad experiences. The study shows that students have grasped the transformation of globalization and are concerned with their competitiveness in the global stage. They pointed out that their higher education courses are lacking in providing enough opportunities for students to encounter the broader world. Also, students often cope with culture shock issues such as the way they interact with classmates, the attitude of contributing toward society, and the barrier to communicate using local languages. Proposed changes can start with professors, for example, by bringing the reality of other cultures into the students＇ learning process, by showing the common values and competencies of modern college students, and by contributing to critical thinking.

Effect of Oral Traditions, Folklores and History on the Development of Education in Nigeria, 1977 Till Date

Nigerian literatures contain history in the oral tradition and folklore like satire, proverbs, chants, symbolism etc. in the pre-literate period, Nigeria enjoyed high level of verbal art civilization which traditional rulers and the generality of the populace patronized. The oral tradition served as medium of preservation of culture and history of the ancient past and experiences. Though, most Nigerians can still remember their family history, folklore, tradition and genealogy, only few oral artists and youths of nowadays possess the skill and ability needed to chant the lengthy oral literature. It is in the light of the above that this study examined the effect of oral tradition, folklore, and history on the development of education in Nigeria, 1977 till date. The study adopted historical research method using primary and secondary sources of information to analyze data. Primary sources include, like archive materials, oral interviews and secondary sources include, like textbooks, speeches, journals, and internet materials and images. The outlines of the paper are： the definition of concepts, historical background of Nigerian oral tradition, and folklore in the educational system, the place of oral tradition, folklore and history in the education policy in Nigeria since 1977, the effect of oral tradition, folklore and history on the development of education in Nigeria since 1977, the prospects of oral traditions, folklore and history on the development of education in Nigeria, conclusion and a few recommendations for future improvement. The findings of the study revealed that oral traditions, folklore and history were the bed-rock for the development of education and society in the pre-colonial period, but these were dropped gradually with the advent of the colonial masters and gradually deteriorate both in the educational curriculum and general conduct of the society and these have adverse effect on the nation＇s economy. It is recommended that the beauty of Nigerian history, oral and written traditions, culture, folklore like proverbs, chants, satire and symbolism, be brought back into the school system, politics and every sector of the Nigerian economy for proper advancement to take place in the education sector and for overall national development.

A Study on Functionality of Hong Kong Railway Museum

This article aims to figure out the functionalities of Hong Kong Railway Museum and its essential statues in Hong Kong Railway culture. In general, the Hong Kong Railway Museum has two basic functions： First, it has been witnessing the development of Hong Kong Railway History; Second, the museum has its educational function in present days.

Performance on the 2011 Certified Public Accountant （CPA） Examination for Large, Middle, and Small Historically Black Colleges and Universities （HBCUs）

There are over 100 historically black colleges and universities （HBCUs） in the United States. The majority of these HBCUs are located in the southeast section of the United States. HBCUs are a major supplier of certified public accountants （CPAs） to the profession. Therefore, the performance of candidates from HBCUs should be of interest to various constituents including educators, employers, parents, students, and other stakeholders. The purpose of this paper is to provide statistical performance on the 2011 CPA examination for large, middle, and small HBCUs based upon the number of testing events taken. Taking a testing event is not the same as passing a testing event. This was the dichotomy between quantity and quality of HBCUs＇ performances. For large HBCUs, Morehouse University, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University （NC A＆T）, and Tennessee State University （TSU） were cited. For middle HBCUs, Albany State University, Norfolk State University （NSU）, and North Carolina Central University （NCCU） were cited. For small HBCUs, Alcorn State University, Fisk University, and University of Maryland Eastern Shore （UMES） were cited. The dichotomy between quantity and quality is real.

The Construction of＂New Woman＂ in Chen Hengzhe＇s Autobiography

This essay examines the autobiography of Chen Hengzhe （1890-1976） （see Appendix）, a relatively less studied woman writer, historian, and critic in modem China. Through the study in four aspects, namely, the pursuit of modem education, simple appearance, great leaders, and the ambassadors of culture, the author＇s research indicates that Chen＇s construction of＂new woman＂ has been influenced by complex historical and cultural forces such as the Chinese traditional culture, Western culture, and the iconoclastic spirit of ＂the New Culture Movement＂. Meanwhile, Chen＇s gender consciousness is also an important element. Moreover, Chen＇s pioneering standing and her own experiences of studying abroad makes her take the lead in conceiving women＇s leadership and their roles in global culture communications. In the late Qing and the early Republic, traditional values and norms of womanhood were severely challenged. Chen＇s construction of＂new woman＂ is her conscious effort to define a new womanhood and is an integral part of the ongoing exploration of Chinese women for modem womanhood. Through the examination of Chen＇s ＂new woman＂, this paper seeks to enrich our understanding of the complexity of modem Chinese women＇s exploration of modem womanhood.

The Enabling and Constraining Nationalist Discourse and Effects of Strategic Narratives： China＇s Foreign Relations

This paper examines the projection and reception of strategic narratives in the realm of Chinese nationalism and the impact of contemporary official nationalist discourse on Beijing＇s foreign policy making. Within the analytic framework of political symbolism, the paper dissects the divergent national identities reflective in different semantic and syntactic relationships inherent in the state-crafted historical narratives in contemporary China. In the post-Tiananmen era, the signification of the traumatic symbol of national humiliation in modem Chinese history, projected in the form of strategic narratives by the Party-state in patriotic education, has given rise to a societal force that threatens to internalize the historical conflicts on the foreign relations fi：ont. The counter-effect of strategic narratives, which has constrained the rationality of the state＇s foreign policy making, implies that collective memory is not an on^ztemand resource for the authoritarian regime to exploit to enhance its legitimacy. The relationship between the Chinese state and society as the constructor and consumer of communicative nationalism cannot be simplistically dichotomized.