诗赋散体化对六朝小说生成的作用

先秦诸子、史传文学、神话传说及诗赋等文章样式的共同演变趋势 ,是从严谨走向松散 ,从凝固走向自由 ,这就为六朝小说的萌生创造了必要的条件。辞赋文章在其演变过程中 ,不但孳生了虚构故事的框架 ,且在描摹传写的细腻程度和游戏幽默的笔墨上 ,也取得了较大的进展。这种由整饬向散体转变过渡的趋势 ,是六朝小说得以产生的重要动力。

晚唐律赋的散体化倾向

晚唐律赋在语言和结构上都出现了散体化的倾向 :惯于采用对问体的结构是有意回归古赋的表现 ,而遣词造句方面流水对的大量使用、上下句句意的频繁转折变换、十字句法的运用以及语言的平易流畅都体现了散体化特征。造成这种现象的原因是律赋过分雕琢 ,引起了古文家包括律赋大家的不满 ,因而有意矫之以散 ;同时 ,古文运动的余风在晚唐尚有影响 ,朝廷重视古文的思想以及由此而形成的注重散体的科场文化取向 。

滑坡体散体化对涌浪波动特征的影响

岩质滑坡在下滑过程中会发生散体化,进而分解成形状及大小各异的块体。已有滑坡体兴波方面的研究多采用单一刚性块体或均匀散体颗粒对滑坡体进行模拟,较少关注滑坡体散体化对涌浪的影响机制。本研究通过开展三维水池物理模型试验,初步探索滑坡体的散体化过程对涌浪波动特性的影响作用。结果表明:初生涌浪的最大波幅和最大波高随滑坡体散体化指标的增大而减小;第一波峰幅值和第一波高的沿程衰减规律符合孤立波理论,且其衰减速率分别依赖于涌浪的最大波幅和最大波高;三维水池试验中第一波峰幅值和第一波高的沿程衰减速度较二维水槽中更快。

论敦煌变文中韵文英译的散体化——《目连救母》三译本之比较研究

敦煌变文《目连救母》以韵、散相间的方式讲述佛教故事,是唐、五代讲唱文学的代表作。英译变文如何有效地区分韵、散部分,涉及汉语韵文英译散体化的倾向。本文通过描写、对比分析亚瑟·韦利、欧阳桢和梅维恒三位名家的译作,发现在韵文散体化的大背景下,三位译者在译文中都保留了原有的形式,但是因源语文本、翻译目的、翻译策略和诗学追求的差异,三个译文内在的诗律传译各不相同,差别甚大。

超支化聚氨酯水分散体的合成及其涂膜性能

将聚氨酯预聚体接枝到以双季戊四醇为核、二羟甲基丙酸为单体的超支化聚酯上,得到了超支化聚氨酯水分散体。采用IR、SEM和化学滴定等方法对产物进行了表征和分析。结果表明,超支化聚氨酯水分散体的粒径约100nm,并在水中有良好的分散性和稳定性;其树脂具有良好的成膜性、耐水性和物理机械性能。

姜黄素自胶束化固体分散体制备及其体内药动学研究

目的制备姜黄素自胶束化固体分散体,并考察其体内药动学。方法溶剂蒸发法制备自胶束化固体分散体,测定其累积溶出率、饱和溶解度、稳定性、理化性质、自胶束化性能。12只大鼠随机分为2组,分别灌胃给予姜黄素及其自胶束化固体分散体的0.5%CMC-Na混悬液(100 mg/kg),于0.083、0.167、0.25、0.5、0.75、1、2、3、4、6、8、12、24 h采血,UPLC法测定姜黄素血药浓度,计算主要药动学参数。结果自胶束化固体分散体呈圆球形,表面光滑,分散均匀,无粘连,60 min内累积溶出率为(90.31±2.24)%,饱和溶解度为(583.17±16.78)μg/mL,粒径为22 nm,PDI为0.048,Zeta电位绝对值为1.2,在6个月内稳定性良好。姜黄素以无定形状态存在,与载体(F127、TPGS)之间可能发生氢键效应。与原料药比较,自胶束化固体分散体C_(max)、AUC_(0~t)、AUC_(0-∞)升高(P<0.01),t_(max)、t_(1/2)延长(P<0.01),相对生物利用度增加至7.05倍。结论自胶束化固体分散体可改善姜黄素体外溶出度、体内生物利用度。

岩质边坡滑移—弯曲破坏中间状态的工程地质分析

通过对一个顺向坡实例的详细调查发现,顺向坡的滑移—弯曲破坏,在强烈弯曲—隆起之后、整体失稳之前还存在一个中间状态———碎裂—散体化。在对其形成条件进行初步分析的基础上,提出了“四阶段”的滑移—弯曲破坏地质力学模式。

李白骈文论略

唐代骈文较六朝骈文发生了重大变化,李白骈文在吸收和继承六朝骈文实绩基础上。又对六朝及初唐骈文进行了大力改造,以气驭文、散体化革新和题材的开拓上对唐代骈文发展作出了重大贡献,和李诗一样从另一个侧面充分体现了壮大雄浑的盛唐气象。

Electrochemistry of ABTS at Glassy Carbon Electrodes

The electrochemical and the mass transport behavior of ABTS2-/ABTS＇- （2,2＇-azinobis（3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate）） redox couple at glassy carbon electrode （GCE） in phos- phate buffer solution （PBS, pH=4.4） is studied in detail by cyclic voltammetry combined with rotating disk electrode system. From the i-E curves recorded at different electrode rotating rate, rate constant, and transfer coefficient for ABTS 2-←→ABTS^-＋e reaction at GCE electrode and the diffusion coefficient of ABTS2- in PBS are estimated to be 4.6× 10^-3 cm/s, 0.28, and 4.4× 10^-6 cm^2/s, respectively. The transfer coefficient with a value of ca. 0.28 differs largely from the value of 0.5 that is always assumed in the literature. The origins for the difference of the rate constant determined and the challenges for estimating the stan- dard rate constant are discussed. The performance for such ABTS2- mediated bio-cathode toward oxygen reduction reaction is discussed according to the over-potential drop as well as current output limit associated with the charge transfer kinetics of ABTS2- ←→ABTS-＋e redox reaction and/or the mass transport effect.

Multiple vehicle routing problem integrated reverse logistics with fuzzy reverse demands

A new type of vehicle routing problem （VRP）, multiple vehicle routing problem integrated reverse logistics （MVRPRL）, is studied. In this problem, there is delivery or pickup （or both） and uncertain features in the demands of the clients. The deliveries of every client as uncertain parameters are expressed as triangular fuzzy numbers. In order to describe MVRPRL, a multi-objective fuzzy programming model with credibility measure theory is constructed. Then the simulationbased tabu search algorithm combining inter-route and intra-route neighborhoods and embedded restarts are designed to solve it. Computational results show that the tabu search algorithm developed is superior to sweep algorithms and that compared with handling each on separate routes, the transportation costs can be reduced by 43% through combining pickups with deliveries.

Analysis of hot-carrier degradation in N-LDMOS transistor with step gate oxide

In order to minimize the hot-carrier effect（HCE）and maintain on-state performance in the high voltage N-type lateral double diffused MOS（N-LDMOS）, an optimized device structure with step gate oxide is proposed. Compared with the conventional configuration, the electric field under the gate along the Si-SiO2 interface in the presented N-LDMOS can be greatly reduced, which favors reducing the hot-carrier degradation. The step gate oxide can be achieved by double gate oxide growth, which is commonly used in some smart power ICs. The differences in hot-carrier degradations between the novel structure and the conventional structure are investigated and analyzed by 2D technology computer-aided design（TCAD）numerical simulations, and the optimal length of the thick gate oxide part in the novel N-LDMOS device can also be acquired on the basis of maintaining the characteristic parameters of the conventional device. Finally, the practical degradation measurements of some characteristic parameters can also be carried out. It is found that the hot-carrier degradation of the novel N-LDMOS device can be improved greatly.

An Improved Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for Chemical Plant Layout Optimization with Novel Non-overlapping and Toxic Gas Dispersion Constraints

New approaches for facility distribution in chemical plants are proposed including an improved non-overlapping constraint based on projection relationships of facilities and a novel toxic gas dispersion constraint. In consideration of the large number of variables in the plant layout model, our new method can significantly reduce the number of variables with their own projection relationships. Also, as toxic gas dispersion is a usual incident in a chemical plant, a simple approach to describe the gas leakage is proposed, which can clearly represent the constraints of potential emission source and sitting facilities. For solving the plant layout model, an improved genetic algorithm (GA) based on infeasible solution fix technique is proposed, which improves the globe search ability of GA. The case study and experiment show that a better layout plan can be obtained with our method, and the safety factors such as gas dispersion and minimum distances can be well handled in the solution.

Three-dimensional unsteady squeezing flow with irreversibility

This exploration examines unsteady magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) three-dimensional flow of viscous material between rotating plates subject to radiation,Joule heating and chemical reaction.The non-linear partial differential system is re-structured into the ordinary differential expressions by the implication of appropriate transformations.The developed differential equations are computed by homotopy analysis technique.Numerical consequences have been accomplished by various values of emerging parameters.Coefficients of skin friction and heat and mass transfer rates have been scrutinized.Irreversibility analysis is carried out.Influence of various prominent variables on entropy generation is presented.Moreover,the temperature increases for higher Dufour number and concentration distribution reduces against Soret number.Higher squeezing parameter enhances velocity while concentration reduces with an increment in squeezing parameter.Both entropy rate and Bejan number increase against higher diffusion parameter.

China's adjustment of climate change policies:what lessons can be learned from the US?

From the US New Energy Plan, personnel appointment, and diplomatic activities, etc., we can see that US is now on the way to returning to the negotiation table and undertaking the leadership in addressing climate change. What US has done puts tremendous challenges on China, which emits large amount of greenhouse gas into the atmosphere. However, different from US, China is undergoing rapid development, and huge energy consumption is unavoidable. China has to make a balance between developing economy and addressing climate change. This paper focuses on the US climate change policies and its greenhouse gas emissions, and its influences on China climate change policy. China greenhouse gas emissions and relative policies are also analyzed to see what situation China is in, and what challenges that China is facing. Consequently, combing China's local situation, we propose several solutions for China to address climate change, i.e. moving towards a low carbon economy, struggling for emitting more, enhancing China-US cooperation, and implementing different climate change policies based on local situation. Meanwhile, the achievements that China has made are also introduced.

水性环氧防腐涂料的研制

选用高性能的水性杂化环氧分散体和固化剂体系,制备了环保、高效的水性环氧防腐涂料。确定了水性杂化环氧分散体和固化剂的最佳配比,讨论了化学防锈颜料、填料的用量以及颜料体积浓度(PVC)对涂层防腐性能的影响。

A User Participation Behavior Prediction Model of Social Hotspots Based on Influence and Markov Random Field

Hotspot topic trends can be captured by analyzing user attributes and historical behavior in social network. In this paper, we propose a user participation behavior prediction model for social hotspots, based on user behavior and relationship data, to predict user participation behavior and topic development trends. Firstly, for the complex factors of user behavior, three dynamic influence factor functions are defined, including individual, peer and community influence. These functions take timeliness into account using a time discretization method. Secondly, to determine laws of individual behavior and group behavior within a social topic, a hotspot user participation behavior prediction model is proposed and associated with the basic concepts of randora field and Markov property in information diffusion. The experimental results show that the model can not only dynamically predict the individual behavior, but also grasp the development trends of topics.

Expressions and their significance of PTTG and PC proteins in glioma

Objective： To investigate the expressions and their relationship of pituitary tumor transforming gene （PTTG） and proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） in glioma. Methods： The protein expressions of PTTG and PCNA were detected by immunostaining assay using streptavidin-peroxidase （SP） method in 80 cases of glioma. Results： The positive rates of PTTG in grades Ⅰ-Ⅳ gliomas were 56.3%, 68.2%, 80.8%, and 100.0% respectively, and the protein expression of PTTG increased with the increasing of the pathological grade （X^2= 9.602, P 〈 0.05）; The positive rates of PCNA protein were 37.5%, 54.5%, 69.2%, and 93.8% respectively, and the protein expression of PCNA increased with the increasing of the pathological grade （X2 = 12.147, P 〈 0.01）. The expression of PTTG had positive correlation with the expression of PCNA protein （~s = 0.557, P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion： The expressions of PTTG and PCNA proteins were related to malignant degree of glioma, and may cooperate with each other in the tumorigenesis and progression and can be considered as the indicators of the biological behaviors in glioma.

Gas Diffusion in Bi-disperse Porous Catalyst Pellets

A flux equation of diffusion for bi-disperse porous catalyst pellets was proposed by modifying the previously developed model equation over fractal trajectories. The proposed fractal model equation considered the same tortuous degree for both micro-and macro-pores. The experimental data of diffusion over a bi-disperse Ni/gamma-alumina pellet were obtained with a standard Wicke-Kallenbach diffusion cell for both carbon monoxide- ethylene and carbon dioxide-ethylene binary mixtures. The fitting between experimental results and the fractal model equation leads to a fractal dimension of 1.11. The prediction of diffusion flux over the bi-disperse Ni/gamma- alumina pellet by the proposed fractal model equation is much better than the traditional tortuosity-based model equation by comparison with the measured flux through the pellet.

An Axial Dispersion Model for Evaporating Bubble Column Reactor

Evaporating bubble column reactor (EBCR) is a kind of aerated reactor in which the reaction heat is removed by the evaporation of volatile reaction mixture. In this paper, a mathematical model that accounts for the gas-liquid exothermic reaction and axial dispersions of both gas and liquid phase is employed to study the performance of EBCR for the process of p-xylene(PX) oxidation. The computational results show that there are remarkable concentration and temperature gradients in EBCR for high ratio of height to diameter (H/DT). The temperature is lower at the bottom of column and higher at the top, due to rapid evaporation induced by the feed gas near the bottom. The concentration profiles in the gas phase are more nonuniform than those (except PX) in the liquid phase, which causes more solvent burning consumption at high H/DT ratio. For p-xylene oxidation, theo ptimal H/DT is around 5.

Infrared thin layer drying of saffron(Crocus sativus L.) stigmas:Mass transfer parameters and quality assessment

Saffron is the most precious and expensive agricultural product. A dehydration treatment is necessary to convert Crocus sativus L. stigmas into saffron spice. To the best of our knowledge, no information on mass transfer parameters of saffron stigmas is available in the literature. This study aimed at investigating the moisture transfer parameters and quality attributes of saffron stigmas under infrared treatment at different temperatures（60,70, …, 110 ℃）. It was observed that the dehydration process of the samples occurred in a short accelerating rate period at the start followed by a falling rate period. The effective moisture diffusivity and convective mass transfer coefficient were determined by using the Dincer and Dost model. The diffusivity values varied from1.1103 × 10^-10m^2·s^-1to 4.1397 × 10^-10m^2·s^-1 and mass transfer coefficient varied in the range of 2.6433 × 10^-7–8.7203 × 10^-7m·s^-1. The activation energy was obtained to be 27.86 kJ·mol^-1. The quality assessment results showed that the total crocin content increased, when the temperature increased up to90 ℃ but, in higher temperatures, the amount of crocin decreased slightly. The total safranal content of the samples decreased slightly when drying temperature increased from 60 ℃ to 70 ℃ and then continuously increased up to 110 ℃. Also, the amount of picrocrocin increased from 83.1 to 93.3 as the drying temperature increased from 60 ℃ to 100 ℃.