Primary Comments on Chemotaxonomy of Paris spp. Based on Saponins Analysis

Aim The several species of the genus Paris called ＂Chonglou＂ are famous traditional Chinese herbal medicines. We established the quantitative analysis method of the steroidal saponins in some species of the genus Paris and discussed their relations. Methods We detected the contents of 11 steroidal saponins in Paris samples with a Kromasel C18 （ 150 mm× 4.6 mm ID, 5μm） column which was subjected to gradient elution with acetonitrile-water （30：70- 60：40, V/V） at a flow rate of 1 mL· min^-1 by HPLC-ELSD and established chemical cluster tree using SPSS 11 software. Results All the samples could be separated and calibration curves of 11 saponins were prepared. We successfully detected the contents of 11 steroidal saponins in 14 Paris spp. in 30 min. The recovery for the assay of saponins was between 95 % and 97 %. The RSD of precision of 11 saponins and stability of samples were below 3 %. Chemical phylogenetic tree based on saponin contents indicated that 17 samples of Paris spp. clustered separately. Conclusion The established method is accurate and convenient, and suitable for the quantitative analysis of these 11 steroidal saponins in Paris spp.. The chemical phylogenetic tree is in accordance with Takhtajian classical taxonomy.

A Single Mode980 nm In Ga As/Ga As/Al Ga As Large Optical Cavity Quantum Well Laser with Low Vertical Divergence Angle

To achieve high optical power as well as low vertical divergence angle,a new kind of optim ized large opti- cal cavity (L OC) structure is applied to a ridge waveguide 980 nm In Ga As/ Ga As/ Al Ga As m ulti- quantum well laser.The optical power density in the waveguide is successfully reduced.The maxim um output power is more than 40 0 m W with a slope efficiency of 0 .89W/ A and the far- field vertical divergence angle is lowered to 2 3°.

Resonant Raman Scattering and Photoluminescence Emissions from Above Bandgap Levels in Dilute GaAsN Alloys

The transitions of E0 ,E0 ＋A0, and E＋ in dilute GaAs（1-x） Nx alloys with x = 0.10% ,0.22% ,0.36% ,and 0.62% are observed by micro-photoluminescence. Resonant Raman scattering results further confirm that they are from the intrinsic emissions in the studied dilute GaAsN alloys rather than some localized exciton emissions in the GaAsN alloys. The results show that the nitrogen-induced E E＋ and E0 ＋ A0 transitions in GaAsN alloys intersect at a nitrogen content of about 0.16%. It is demonstrated that a small amount of isoelectronic doping combined with micro-photoluminescence allows direct observation of above band gap transitions that are not usually accessible in photoluminescence.

Determination of Astragaloside IV in Yupingfeng Oral Solution by HPLC-ELSD Method

[Objective] This study aimed to establish a method for determining the content of Astragaloside IV in Yupingfeng oral solution.[Method] The HPLC-ELSD method was adopted.The chromatographic column was Venusil MP（4.6 mm × 150 mm,5 μm）.The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water（35∶65）.The ELSD evaporator tube temperature was 65 ℃.N2 was used as the carrier gas（pressure,30 psi）.[Result] When the content of Astragaloside IV ranged from 0.5 to 5.0 μg,the Astragaloside IV content showed a good linear relationship with peak area（r=0.999,n=6）.The average recovery was 96.36%,and the RSD was 2.46%.[Conclusion] This method is accurate and reliable,and can be applied in the quality control of Yupingfeng oral solution.

气球灯

德国一公司最近研制了一种能发出白光的充氦气球。它悬浮在高空时如同一盏明灯，将黑夜照亮得如同白天。这种氦气球采用复合材料编织层，它能保护气球表面薄膜不受磨损，并使充氦气球比硅橡胶气球更加牢固。它有良好的强度，可将气球表层薄膜加工得薄而轻巧。

Fabrication of a white organic light-emitting device with single liq:rubrence luminescent layer

A kind of white OLED with single luminescent layer was designed, in which rubrene was doped in Liq. The structure of the devices is ITO/PVK:TPD/Liq: Rubrene/Alq3/Al. The brightness of the devices comes to 3120 cd/m2(at a driving voltage of 25 V), the CIE coordinates of the typical devices is (0.308,0.347), and the coordinates is very close to the white equi-energy point. The emitting and luminescent characteristics of the devices were discussed.

Analysis of Sucrose Esters with Long Acyl Chain by Coupling of HPLC-ELSD with ESI-MS System

The analysis of sucrose esters with long acyl chain by improved high performance liquid chromatographic method with evaporative light scattering detection （HPLC-ELSD） and electrospray ionization mass spectrum （ESI-MS） is investigated. The improved HPLC-ELSD method for the separation and quantitation of commercial and synthesized sucrose esters is described. Samples are analyzed by means of a reversed-phase （RP） HPLC using a Hypersil C8 column （250 mm× 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size） with methanol-tetrahydrofuran （vo）ume ratio of 90 ： 10） and water under gradientcondition as the mobile phase, in which the flow rate is 1.0 ml·min^-1 and the column temperature is set at 40℃. This procedure provides a complete separation and determination ot monoester, diester, triester and higher esters with different acyl chain lengths in each fraction by a single run, in combination with the ESI-MS technology. With this method, it is possible to determine the approximate compositions of monoto polyesters in one analysis and quantitate pure positional isomers precisely using an external standard method. It is found that the method of ESI-MS coupling with HPLC system for the analysis of sucrose esters is straight forward, rapid and inexpensive, and can be readily applied in synthesis, purification and structure studies.

Raman Scattering and Photoluminescence in Ge-implanted GaN Films

The investigations on Ge-implanted GaN films grown by MOCVD and then annealed at 1100℃ under ammonia ambient have been carried out. With increasing Ge implantation dose, four additional peaks arise at wave numbers of 260, 314, 428 and 670cm -1 in Ramam spectra. In PL spectra, the relative intensity of the band-edge emission compared to the PL-band centered at 2.66eV and the yellow band decreases with increase of Ge-implanted dose. The modes of 260 and 314cm -1 are attributed to disorder-activated Raman scattering, whereas the modes of 428 and 670cm -1 are assigned to local vibrations of vacancies and vacancy-related complexes. The PL-band centered at 2.66eV and the yellow band is also related to these vacancy defects. The new Raman peak at 301cm -1 for the sample annealed only 5min originates from Ge clusters due to deficient annealing.

HPLC Analysis of Egg Yolk Phosphatidylcholine by Evaporative Light Scattering Detector

Egg yolk phosphatidylcholine(EYPC) is being widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries nowadays owing to its surface activity,pharmaceutical usefulness,and so on.Common determination methods of phospholipids were based on the American Oil Chemists' Society(AOCS) Official Method Ja7b-91,in which n-hexane/2-propanol/acetate buffer was used as the mobile phase.In order to achieve desired results,gradient elu-tion or buffer solution was used,which made the detection process more complicated.Moreover,water or buffer solution could affect the silica gel column both on its lifespan and the separation efficiency significantly.In this study,different mobile phase and detector were used to simplify EYPC analyzing process instead of using water within the mobile phase.The optimized HPLC operating conditions are as follows:pure methanol as a mobile phase,flow rate of 1.0 ml·min-1,silica gel column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm,Inertsil GLTM),column temperature 30 ℃ and low temperature evaporative light scattering detector(40 ℃,0.35 MPa) as used.Under this optimal condition,the linear relative coefficient of the standard curve is 0.998 and the recovery was in the range of 96.83%-101.58% with a relative standard deviation of 1.79%(n=6).

Laser-induced Fluorescence and Dispersed Fluorescence Spectroscopy of NiB： Identification of a New 2П State in 19000-22100 cm^-1

The laser-induced fluorescence excitation spectra of jet-cooled NiB radicals have been recorded in the energy range of 19000-22100 cm-1. Eleven bands have been assigned to the [20.77]2П-X2∑＋ transition system for the first time. The dispersed fluorescence spectra related to most of these bands have been investigated. Vibrationally excited levels of the ground electronic state, with v＂ up to 6, have been observed. In addition, the lifetimes for almost all the observed bands have also been measured.

Preparation of CdSe nanocrystals in organic system and electroluminescence characteristics of the devices

CdSe nanocrystals were prepared by a colloidal chemical approach using CdO and Se powder as precursors in an organic system of TOPO/TOP, and a multilayered electroluminescence device was fabricated with CdSe as emitting layer. The results show that the photoluminescence spectra of the CdSe nanocrystals almost cover the whole visible region and the full width at half maximum （FWHM） is appropriately 200 nm. The electroluminescence spectrum of the multilayered device at different voltages was investigated. The electroluminescence intensity is enhanced with increasing operating voltage, and the CIE coordinates of the device change from （0.3,0.37） at 6 V to （0. 44,0. 46）at 20 V as the operating voltage increases,which indicates that the colors of the device could be tuned by the operatina voltage.

Charged Centers in ZnS- type Thin Film Electroluminescent Devices

Charged centers exist in the phosphor layer of the common thin film electroluminescent devices. In this article, electron scattering process due to these centers is studied through phase shift analysis. The scattering rates in different cases are obtained and compared with other important scattering processes. Electron transport processed under different charged centers conditions are simulated by means of Monte Carlo method. The quantitative results about the influence of charged centers on electron energy are obtained.

Chahine algorithm to invert light scattering spectroscopy of epithelial dysplasia

To perceive the epithelial dysplasia from the light scattering spectroscopy (LSS) is an inverse problem, which can be transformed into the inversion of the size distribution of epithelial-cell nuclei. Based on the simulation of single polarized LSS for epithelial-cell nuclei, Chahine algorithm is adopted to retrieve the size distribution. Numerical results show that Chahine algorithm has high inversion precision for both single-peaked and bimodal models, which implies the potential to increase diagnostic resolution of LSS.

Analysis of Infrared Divergence in OZI-Forbidden Decays of Orthoquarkonia

It is interesting to investigate the OZI-forbidden decays of orthoquarkoknium, J/ψ→γπ^0（γη,γη′）, J/ψ→π^＋π^-（π^0π^0）. At first glance, there is infrared divergence in the above processes. In this work, to clear the mist we use the factorization method with the light cone wavefunction of the final state light meson. We prove straightforwardly that the infrared divergence can be eliminated completely.

Mean Transverse Energy of Electrons Emitted from GaAs/GaAlAs Transmission Photocathode

A GaAs/GaAlAs transmission photocathode surface topography is examined with a scanning electron microscope(SEM) in the secondary emission mode.The contributions of photocathode surface topography to mean transverse energy of electrons emitted from the photocathode are calculated. Measurement is made of the variation of mean transverse emission energy with activating time during the course of activation. It is shown that the scattering of the photoelectrons in the Cs/O layer is the primary cause of the unexpectant high values of the mean transverse energy of electrons emitted from GaAs/GaAlAs photocathode. A method is proposed for the reduction of the mean transverse energy of electrons emitted from the photocathode.

Diffusion of Solar Energy Use in the Built Environment Supported by New Design

Places of large potentials of sustainable energy production and places of large energy consumption are often very different and separated by large distances across the globe. This paper first discusses potentials of solar technology in terms of global availability using PV （photovoltaic） technology and actual energy production. Solar energy is widely under-used and one way to reduce this is to improve production in low-energy places with high demand： large cities. According to this option, about 40% of the electricity consumption in the built environment could be produced by solar PV systems and energy storage systems. This paper discusses conditions in the built environment and functional and design qualities enabling an increased diffusion of the technologies In a comparative analysis of PV technologies, the criteria taken into account encompass efficiency of the type of solar cell and commercial availability. Special attention is paid to the design features of different PV systems, like flexibility, colour and transparency that might help in their utilization as integrated in building material and ornaments in modem architecture. The same procedure is followed for electricity storage devices. The preliminary conclusion is that at present the freedom of design is largest for a combination of crystalline silicon PV cells and Li-ion batteries.

Thermal stability of luminous YAG: Ce bulk ceramic as a remote phosphor prepared through silica-stabilizing valence of activator in air

Aprototype of YAG： Ce （Y3Al5O12） luminous bulk ceramic as a remote phosphor for white LED illumination was fabricated in air through a strategy of silica addition. With increasing the amount of silica in a specific range, the opaque sample turns to be semi-transparent. The precipitation of crystals is verified to be in pure YAG phase by X-ray diffraction （XRD）. Beyond the limit of silica amount, the dominant phase of YAG crystal is found to coexist with a small amount of newly-formed Y2Si2O7, Al2O3 and the amorphous phase. The YAG crystals are with a grain size of approximately 2 μm and distribute evenly. The YAG hosts after structural modification via addition of silica result in yellow band emission of 5d → 4f transition peaked around 535 nm as excited by a blue LED, owing to the self-reduction of Ce^4＋ to Ce^3＋ even in the absence ofreductive atmosphere.

Antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of a polysaccharide from Flammulina velutipes

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of a unique polysaccharide from the medicinal fungus Flammulina velutipes in vitro.METHODS: Using water extraction and alcohol precipitation, crude polysaccharides were obtained. After purification by DEAE-cellulose 52 ion exchange chromatography and Sephacryl S-300 HR gel filtration chromatography, High performance liquid chromatography equipped with evaporative light-scattering detector, Infrared radiation and Nuclear magnetic resonance were used to evaluate the structure of the polysaccharide. Its immunomodulatory activity was measured by examining the production of nitric oxide(NO) and cytokine secretion, and via lymphocyte proliferation experiments. Its effects on the scavenging activities of hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion and reducing power were also measured.RESULTS: A water-soluble polysaccharide, Flammulina velutipes polysaccharide I-A(FVP I-A), was obtained with a molecular mass of 8.14×104Da determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography. An in vitro antioxidant assay indicated that FVP I-A could scavenge hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion and possessed reducing power and could largely promote NO production and augment the interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α secretion by RAW264.7 macrophages(P<0.05). Moreover, FVP I-A could promote lymphocyte proliferation(P<0.05), and synergistically enhance the augmentation of the proliferation of mouse lymphocytes by concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharides(P<0.01, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The FVP I-A obtained from Flammulina velutipes possessed antioxidant activity and could enhance non-specific and specific immune responses in vitro.

Study on photoluminescence of thermally treated Bi_(12)GeO_(20) and Mo:Bi_(12)GeO_(20) crystals

Photoluminescence (PL) of Bi12GeO20 and Mo doped Bi12GeO20 (Mo: Bi12GeO20) crystals in visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectral regions were studied. X-ray diffraction analysis, absorption and Raman scattering spectra of these crystals were also measured. Pure Bi12GeO20 after annealing in N2 atmosphere at 450 oC and 550 °C show predominant emissions at about 745 and 1250 nm bands, while the emission peaks of Mo:Bi12GeO20 crystals untreated or after annealing in Ar at 300 °C are at around 538 and 1165 nm. The results suggest that annealing induces intrinsic luminescence of Bi in pure Bi12GeO20 at room temperature and Mo influences the luminescence centers of Bi12GeO20. The emission peaks of Bi12GeO20 and Mo: Bi12GeO20 probably owe to lower-valent Bi ions.

Bench-top aqueous two-phase extraction of isolated individual single-walled carbon nanotubes

Isolation and purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWCNTs） are prerequisites for their implementation in various applications. In this work, we present a fast （-5 min）, low-cost, and easily scalable bench-top approach to the extraction of high-quality isolated SWCNTs from bundles and impurities in an aqueous dispersion. The extraction procedure, based on aqueous two-phase （ATP） separation, is widely applicable to any SWCNT source （tested on samples up to 1.7 nm in diameter） and independent of defect density, purity, diameter, and length. The extracted dispersions demonstrate that the removal of large aggregates, small bundles, and impurities is comparable to that by density gradient ultracentrifugation, but without the need for high-end instrumentation. Raman and fluorescence-excitation spectroscopy, single-nanotube fluorescence imaging, atomic force and transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis all confirm the high purity of the isolated SWCNTs. By predispersing the SWCNTs without sonication （only gentle stirring）, full-length, pristine SWCNTs can be isolated （tested up to 20 μm）. Hence, this simple ATP method will find immediate application in the generation of SWCNT materials for all levels of nanotube research and applications, from fundamental studies to high-performance devices.