大侧斜螺旋桨负载噪声的边界元数值声学方法频域内计算分析

为探索艇尾桨无空化水下辅射噪声的数值预报方法,采用流场大涡模拟（LES）和声场边界元数值声学的弱耦合方法在频域内对艇尾标称伴流条件下的大侧斜螺旋桨水下负载噪声进行了预报。耦合方法的可信性由计算得到的DTRC4119无侧斜螺旋桨球面空间声压分布和特征测点处声压频谱级曲线与文献[5-6]计算值的比较给予了验证。LES计算时选用动力学Smagorinsky-Lilly亚格子应力模型（DSM）.负载声压场由桨叶及桨毂表面所形成封闭面的压力分布和法向速度分布决定。声源节点和声节点变量采用一对一的变量守恒传递方式。结果表明：定常雷诺时均（RANS）模拟计算2个桨的推力和力矩系数均与敞水试验值吻合良好,以此作为LES模拟的流场初值是可信的;LES非定常解均能准确地捕捉2个桨桨叶叶梢处叶频和倍叶频以及尾流中弱轴频信息;计算得到的DTRC4119螺旋桨在200 Hz内总声压级为126.4 dB,大侧斜螺旋桨在0~1 kHz频带内总声级为116 dB.为艇尾桨水下噪声预报探索了一条新的途径。

二维声学数值计算的径向插值有限元法

针对声学有限元分析中四节点等参单元计算精度低,对网格质量敏感的问题,将无网格径向插值技术引入到标准有限元中,构造径向插值形函数,推导径向插值有限元法(Radial interpolation finite element method,RIFEM)的二维声学数值计算公式。二维声学RIFEM采用标准有限元法形函数构造系统离散方程的声学刚度矩阵和边界积分矢量,保证了声压梯度和边界条件在区域边界的积分精度;采用径向插值形函数构造系统离散方程的质量矩阵,提高了声压数值近似函数的插值精度。对管道二维声腔模型和某轿车二维声腔模型的数值分析结果表明,与标准有限元法和SFEM相比,RIFEM的计算精度更高,对波数、单元尺寸和网格扭曲程度的灵敏度更低。因此RIFEM可以很好地应用于二维声学数值分析,具有广阔的工程应用前景。

高分辨率全球准实时水文数据的海洋声学应用

为了满足海洋声学性能实时评估的需要,文章采用高分辨率全球准实时海洋水文数据库,以中国某海域为研究对象,结合三维可视化高精度地形/海深信息,选取水深为300 m和4000 m两块区域作为研究区域,通过全球高分辨率准实时海洋温、盐、深环境混合坐标大洋环流模式数据,实现区域水声环境信息获取。在工业计算机上,地形/海深数据、温盐深数据的处理时间分别为0.70 s和0.03 s,符合实际工程快速应用的需求,将准实时声学环境信息代入水声射线模型中,得出深度为300 m浅海选区以及深度为4000 m深海选区的水声场仿真结果,应用于海洋设备的声学性能评估,指导声学设备使用。该研究方法可应用于当前海洋声学设备性能评估,具有重要的实际应用价值。

基于声传递向量法的锥柱混合结构声学特性分析

为解决多工况载荷下复杂结构的计算效率问题,采用基于边界元原理的声传递向量ATV方法进行声学数值预报,与FEM/BEM方法对比表明,两种方法在整个频段的计算结果基本一致;将该方法用于求解多工况下锥柱混合结构模型的远场声学响应,讨论模型锥度及肋骨因素对声场特性的影响,得到肋骨对声场的作用要远大于锥度的影响;利用对模型的声辐射贡献量的计算结果,对模型局部面板进行阻尼处理,降低了声场的噪声峰值和平均噪声声压级。

声音传播模拟技术综述

随着计算机技术的快速发展,虚拟环境中的声音传播模拟技术得到了较大的改进,并广泛应用于虚拟现实中.文中对虚拟环境下声音传播的概念及方法进行系统的分析,首先介绍基于几何声学的传播模拟方法,如虚声源法、射线追踪法、声束追踪法、声辐射度法等,并对声音传播过程中发生的衍射等声学现象进行讨论;然后对波动声学传播模拟方法进行综述,总结了有限元法、边界元法、有限差分时域法、等效源法等常用方法,并讨论了基于波动声学的模拟方法中的指向性声音传播;最后介绍了基于空间-频率分解技术的混合方法,按照现有的评价指标对上述方法进行对比分析,并介绍了非线性介质下的方法拓展;预测了该领域的发展方向,提出基于数据库的研究思路.

基于非结构网格CE/SE算法圆柱绕流气动声场模拟

本文采用时空守恒(CE/SE)格式求解Navier-Stoks方程与Euler方程,数值模拟了绕圆柱流动引发的气动噪声源及传播问题。对近声场与远声场采用了不同的控制方程和边界条件,分别得到了流场与声场解。将其与采用大涡模拟和FW-H方程得到的结果进行了对比,表明本文的数值方法能够很好地反映流场与声场的形态,能较好地模拟声场指向性及流场中的拟声现象,相比LES/FW-H方法能更精确地反映流场与声场的相互关系。

Effect of heterogeneity on mechanical and acoustic emission characteristics of rock specimen

The influence of heterogeneity on mechanical and acoustic emission characteristics of rock specimen under uniaxial compress was studied with numerical simulation methods.Weibull distribution function was adopted to describe the mesoscopic heterogeneity of rocks.The failure process of heterogeneous rock specimen under uniaxial loading was simulated using FLAC 3D software.Five schemes were adopted to investigate the influence of heterogeneity.The results demonstrate that as the homogeneity increases,the peak strength and brittleness of rocks increase,and the macro elastic modulus improves as well.Heterogeneity has great influence on macro elastic modulus and strength when the homogeneity coefficient is less than 20.0.The volume expansion is not so obvious when the homogeneity increases.As the homogeneity coefficient increases the acoustic emissions modes change from swarm shock to main shock.When the homogeneity coefficient is high,the cumulative acoustic emission events-axial strain curve is gentle before the rock failure.The numerical results agree with the previously numerical results and earlier experimental measurements.

Study on the influence of the subsurface buoy＇s vibration on the vector sensor due to ocean current

Subsurface buoy systems,especially equipped with the vector sensor,have more and more extensive applications in military and civilian regions.However,their acoustic performances are constrained by the vibration resulting from the unavoidable ocean current in some degree.The influence of such vibrations is quantitatively analyzed by means of modeling the simplified models of two deployment configurations involving the positive buoyant buoy and neutral buoy system.The corresponding formulas are deduced respectively for the deployment configuration buoy systems in the motion state firstly.Then the simulation software is developed and some numerical simulations are put up via the Runge-Kutta method.The simulation results and theoretical analysis indicate that the neutral buoy will be an excellent design protocol in engineering application in comparison with the positive buoyant buoy.

Numerical Study on Flow-induced Noise for a Steam Stop-valve Using Large Eddy Simulation

The noise induced by the fluctuant saturated steam flow under 250 °C in a stop-valve was numerically studied.The simulation was carried out using computational fluid dynamics（CFD） and ACTRAN.The acoustic field was investigated with Lighthill＇s acoustic analogy based on the properties of the flow field obtained using a large-eddy simulation that employs the LES-WALE dynamic model as the sub-grid-scale model.Firstly,the validation of mesh was well conducted,illustrating that two million elements were sufficient in this situation.Secondly,the treatment of the steam was deliberated,and conclusions indicate that when predicting the flow-induced noise of the stop-valve,the steam can be treated as incompressible gas at a low inlet velocity.Thirdly,the flow-induced noises under different inlet velocities were compared.The findings reveal it has remarkable influence on the flow-induced noises.Lastly,whether or not the heat preservation of the wall has influence on the noise was taken into account.The results show that heat preservation of the wall had little influence.

潜艇涡量场和流噪声等效声中心的数值预报

为了实现潜艇湍流噪声及其等效声中心的数值预报,在分析SUBOFF潜艇拖曳和自航状态下涡量场的基础上,采用大涡模拟与声学边界元相结合的方法,在频域内预报了流噪声空间分布、测点谱源级曲线和声指向性,求取了等效声中心位置并分析了其受螺旋桨旋转作用的影响.计算结果表明:附体与艇体结合部马蹄涡和附体端面诱导项链形涡对是潜艇涡量场的主要特征,且马蹄涡系具有较高的强度和稳定性;附体尾涡脱落频率存在19.22Hz的线谱,且在尾涡测点谱曲线中得到明确体现;随着频率增加,流噪声蝶形指向性对应的辐射瓣状区间数随波数增加,且正横方向声压要强于首尾方向;流噪声等效声中心位于距艇艏0.46倍艇长处,在10Hz～1kHz内总声源级为95.09dB;艇艉桨对附体马蹄涡系影响较小,但促使等效声中心迅速移至艇艉.

Acoustic numerical simulation for VTI media

The generality to anisotropy of the earth media can be proved by a lot of research and observation, which is shown by the elastic parameters of the seismic wave changes with the direction of propagation. Actually, computational efficiency is very low, when simulating on the elastic anisotropie media, for the complicated and multi-parameters computation, which becomes a disadvantage to the succeeding migration and imaging pro-cedure. Using acoustic approximation in the VT[ media is an advisable simplification for the elastic wave simu-lation in that setting S-velocity into zero can greatly reduce the computational amount as well as get the same simulation effect. The authors get an acoustic approximation formula, then gain an anisotropic wave equation with 2-order in time and 4-order in space by inverse Fourier transformation, and dispel with the dispersion by adopting the high order finite difference operator in space and remove the edge reflection using the absorption attenuation boundary. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of this algorithm can be proved by the snaps and synthetic records.

Research on the characteristics of noise source on heading face and noise propagation in mine laneway

Based on the complexity and dynamic random analysis of machine noise source in mine heading face, this article established the noise pressure mathematical model of noise propagation in mine laneway of different noise sources, carried out noise propagation numerical simulation in long space, and revealed noise propagation law of more radiated noise sources in the mine roadway. The results show that, under conditions that the total noise power is always the same, regardless of point source, surface noise source, or body noise source, the corresponding noise attenuation trend along the mine laneway and attenuation curve shape are basically the same. However, the attenuation velocity corresponding to complex stereo noise source is slower than single point source and the noise pressure value is higher than the single point source. The actual noise of measured values is close to the theoretical value or, say, there is little error for complex stereo noise source, whereas the error to single point source and surface noise is higher, respectively.

Experimental and Numerical Procedures of a Sonar Platform with a Sound Absorption Wedge

Experiments involving a sonar platform with a sound absorption wedge were carried out for the purpose of obtaining the low frequency acoustic characteristics. Acoustic characteristics of a sonar platform model with a sound absorption wedge were measured, and the effects of different wedge laid areas on platform acoustic characteristic were tested. Vibration acceleration and self-noise caused by model vibration were measured in four conditions: 0%, 36%, 60%, and 100% of wedge laid area when the sonar platform was under a single frequency excitation force. An experiment was performed to validate a corresponding numerical calculation. The numerical vibration characteristics of platform area were calculated by the finite element method, and self-noise caused by the vibration in it was predicted by an experiential formula. The conclusions prove that the numerical calculation method can partially replace the experimental process for obtaining vibration and sound characteristics.

考虑声场的新干线高速列车转向架空气动力噪声评定方法

用二维传声器阵列在风洞试验中所得声压级的空间分布,在道旁观测点对转向架的空气动力噪声进行了定量估算。为评定声压级,需要适当考虑噪声产生和声场的各种声学特性,如地面反射和转向架侧罩的插入损耗。采用数值方法计算了声压级的综合空间分布与全向传声器试验结果之间的传递函数。利用该传递函数可以估算新干线列车转向架空气动力噪声的声压级,并与现场测试结果进行比较。

Experimental and numerical investigations on dynamic and acoustic responses of a thermal post-buckled plate

Experiments were carried out for a clamped rectangular aluminum plate to study the dynamic and acoustic behaviors in both pre-and post-buckling ranges under thermal loads.Plate temperature was elevated from ambient value to the level above the theoretical critical buckling temperature of the plate.In the whole test temperature range,the measured frequencies decreased to the minimum values in sequence,and then turned to increase as temperature rose.The softening effect of thermal stresses played the leading role in the decreasing stage and the stiffening effect of thermal buckling deflection became the major influence factor in the increasing stage.The later one could drive the temperature equilibrium point of the heated plate to move towards lower temperature range.All the frequencies would not drop to zero due to the inherent initial deflection which provides additional stiffness to the plate.Dynamic responses state two variation trends in different temperature ranges,shifting toward the lower frequency range and closing up in the mid-frequency range.The characters of spectrum responses changed gradually as the temperature was elevated.Numerical simulations gave predictions with same variation trend as the test results.

Acoustic Goos-H?nchen effect

We report two models of the lateral displacement of acoustic-wave scattering on a fluid-solid interface that reveal an acoustic analog of the Goos-Hainchen effect in optics. This acoustic analog is called the acoustic Goos-Hainchen effect. Using newly proposed models, we made numerical calculations for the system ofa water-Perspex interface. Specifically, in the post-critical-angle region, we observed a lateral displacement （and transition time） of the reflected P-wave with respect to the incident P-wave. The first arrival of the acoustic signal from the interface is found to be a reflected P-wave rather than the sliding-refraction P-wave usually described in traditional acoustic-logging sliding P-wave theory. For both proposed models, the effective propagation speed of the reflected P-wave along the interface depends on not only the physical properties of the interracial media but also the incident angle. These observations are intriguing and warrant further investigation.

A study of the acoustical radiation force considering attenuation

Acoustical tweezer is a primary application of the radiation force of a sound field. When an ultrasound focused beam passes through a micro-particle, like a cell or living biological specimens, the particle will be manipulated accurately without physical contact and invasion, due to the three-dimensional acoustical trapping force. Based on the Ray acoustics approach in the Mie regime, this work discusses the effects on the particle caused by Gaussian focused ultrasound, studies the acoustical trapping force of spherical Mie particles by ultrasound in any position, and analyzes the numerical calculation on the two-dimensional acoustical radiation force. This article also analyzes the conditions for the acoustical trapping phenomenon, and discusses the impact of the initial position and size of the particle on the magnitude of the acoustical radiation force. Furthermore, this paper considers the ultrasonic attenuation in a particle in the case of two-dimension, studies the attenuation's effects on the acoustical trapping force, and amends the calculation to the ordinary case with attenuation.

Numerical Simulation of the Tip Aerodynamics and Acoustics Test

The application of an efficient flow control system on helicopter rotor blades may lead to improved aerodynamic performance. Recently, our invention of Rod Vortex Generators(RVGs) has been analyzed for helicopter rotor blades in hover with success. As a step forward, the study has been extended to forward flight conditions. For this reason, a validation of the numerical modelling for a reference helicopter rotor(without flow control) is needed. The article presents a study of the flow-field of the AH-1G helicopter rotor in low-, medium- and high-speed forward flight. The CFD code FLOWer from DLR has proven to be a suitable tool for the aerodynamic analysis of the two-bladed rotor without any artificial wake modelling. It solves the URANS equations with LEA(Linear Explicit Algebraic stress) k-ω model using the chimera overlapping grids technique. Validation of the numerical model uses comparison with the detailed flight test data gathered by Cross J. L. and Watts M. E. during the Tip Aerodynamics and Acoustics Test(TAAT) conducted at NASA in 1981. Satisfactory agreements for all speed regimes and a presence of significant flow separation in high-speed forward flight suggest a possible benefit from the future implementation of RVGs. The numerical results based on the URANS approach are presented not only for a popular, low-speed case commonly used in rotorcraft community for CFD codes validation but preferably for medium- and high-speed test conditions that have not been published to date.

A survey of numerical algorithms for trajectory optimization of flight vehicles

As one of the important components of computational flight mechanics and control,numerical algorithms of trajectory optimization for flight vehicles are currently studied by many researchers in aerospace engineering to completely solve these difficult problems,but few papers on the survey of this research field have been published recently.Based on the investigation of more than one hundred literatures,considering the application perspectives of computational flight mechanics and recent developments of trajectory optimization,the numerical algorithms of trajectory optimizations for aerospace vehicles are summarized and systematically analyzed.This paper summarized the basic principle,characteristics and application for all kinds of current trajectory optimization algorithms;and introduced some new methods and theories appearing in recent years.Finally,collaborative trajectory optimization for many flight vehicles,and hypersonic vehicle trajectory optimization were mainly reviewed in this paper.In the conclusion of this paper,the future research properties are presented regarding to numerical algorithms of trajectory optimization and control for flight vehicles as follows:collaboration and antagonization for many flight vehicles and multiple targets,global,real-time online,high accuracy of 7-D trajectory,considering all kinds of unknown random disturbances in trajectory optimization,and so on.