基于达西方程与CFD远距离供液系统的理论分析与数值模拟

以同忻煤矿8029综放工作面远距离供液系统为研究对象,本文使用达西方程与计算流体力学(CFD)方法,分析研究远距离供液系统中的供液、供水管道内部压力和速度的理论值与模拟值,计算得出理论值与模拟值的误差在计算允许的范围之内,验证了模型模拟的有效性。利用CFD数值模拟,可有效计算出管道内部压力与速度的变化情况。利用CFD数值模拟可知,管道在第4处转折点的静压和速度下降速度最快,与第3处转折点相比,静压下降率为0.62%和1.3%,速度下降率为19.2%和17.6%。根据达西方程整体计算出的供液、供水管道内部总压力损失为1.107MPa和1.195MPa;而CFD数值模拟出的总压力损失为1.08MPa和1.16MPa,两种方法的相对误差为2.43%和2.92%。

段塞流对弯管瞬态冲击的三维CFD数值模拟研究

在核电站和火电站管路系统中,来自上游的高压蒸汽可使管道中的凝结水团(段塞)加速运动,并在弯管、三通、阀门等非连续部位产生剧烈的冲击力,从而对管道造成严重破坏,影响电站的安全运行。针对管道中段塞运动的高维动力学特性,文章运用CFD对单个段塞在含弯头空管中的运动与冲击过程进行了三维数值模拟研究,并将数值模拟结果与文献中的物理试验结果进行了比较。结果表明,CFD模拟的冲击压力时程曲线及压力峰值都与试验结果具有良好的一致性。同时,基于理论分析,提出并详细论述了冲击过程中压力随时间变化的三种趋势,并通过数值模拟验证了其正确性;通过分析段塞长度的时程变化,得到了段塞的质量脱落率曲线;基于数值模拟得到的段塞瞬时冲击速度,验证了简化的冲击压力理论计算方法,发现理论计算值与试验以及数值模拟结果基本吻合。这证明了CFD数值模拟的准确性以及冲击压力简化计算方法的合理性,二者在实际工程应用中具有指导意义。

中庭建筑热环境数值模拟研究

将能耗模拟软件和数值模拟软件相结合,提出将对流和辐射解耦的一种适用于工程的中庭类建筑数值模拟方法。利用该方法分别对某中庭夏季和冬季的几种工况进行了模拟研究,提出了夏季控制中庭上部过热和冬季防止热气流上升的气流组织方法,为工程设计提供参考。

太阳能热水器内部流动性能正交模拟

研究全玻璃真空管式太阳能热水装置内部的流动性能,分别针对有无反光板和具有不同长径比、倾斜角度以及集热管插管深的直流全玻璃真空管式太阳能热水器进行仿真模拟,以不同进口温度、质量流量以及输入热流模拟热水器的各种试验工况。采用正交试验效应计算方法,定量分析对集热管内循环流速、停滞区比值、漩涡数等流场指标起主要影响作用的因素。结果表明:对集热管内循环流速影响最大的是集热管下表面热流(约占绝对效应总和的26%)以及水箱入口温度(24%)。对集热管内停滞区比值影响最大的是集热管下表面热流,占25%,其次为集热管偏离垂直方向的角度,占15%。水箱入口初温和集热管长径比是对集热管内漩涡数影响最大的2个因素,分别占绝对总效应的36%和29%。因此等权重衡量各因素对集热器3个流场指标的影响差异,未来热水器结构改进的方向渐次为:增加反光板,减小长径比,降低入口温度,增加入口质量流速,增大倾斜角度,增加选择性吸收涂层吸收比,进而增加上表面热流,最后减小集热管插入深度。

Numerical simulation of the pulsing air separation field based on CFD

The flow field of pulsing air separation is normally in an unsteady turbulence state.With the application of the basic principles of multiphase turbulent flows,we established the dynamical computational model,which shows a remarkable variation of the unstable pulsing air flow field.CFD(computational fluid dynamics) was used to conduct the numerical simulation of the actual geometric model of the classifier.The inside velocity of the flowing fields was analyzed later.The simulation results indicate that the designed structure of the active pulsing air classifier provided a favorable environment for the separation of the particles with different physical characters by density.We shot the movement behaviors of the typical tracer grains in the active pulsing flow field using a high speed dynamic camera.The displacement and velocity curves of the particles in the continuous impulse periods were then analyzed.The experimental results indicate that the effective separation by density of the particles with the same settling velocity and different ranges of the density and particle size can be achieved in the active pulsing airflow field.The experimental results provide an agreement with the simulation results.

CFD-Based Numerical Analysis of a Variable Cross-Section Cylinder

Using ANSYS-CFX, a general purpose fluid dynamics program, the vortex-induced vibration(VIV) of a variable cross-section cylinder is simulated under uniform current with high Reynolds numbers. Large eddy simulation(LES) is conducted for studying the fluid-structure interaction. The vortex shedding in the wake, the motion trajectories of a cylinder, the variation of drag and lift forces on the cylinder are analyzed. The results show that the vortices of variable cross-section cylinder are chaotic and are varying along the cylinder. In places where cross-sections are changing significantly, the vortices are more irregular. The motion trail of the cylinder is almost the same but irregular. The drag and lift coefficients of the cylinder are varying with the changes of diameters.

综合管廊天然气泄漏扩散及监控方法优化研究

为确定综合管廊内CH4探头的布设位置,提高天然气舱室内天然气管道运输的安全性,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)三维模拟的方法,研究管道压力等级、泄漏孔径、泄漏角度、通风速度、通风温度以及截面类型综合影响因素下的CH4泄漏扩散分布情况。结果表明:各影响因素下CH4扩散高度随纵向扩散长度的增加,先上升至管廊顶部位置,后迁移至舱室底部;当管道不处于舱室中心时,CH4探头应布设在距离管道更近的舱室壁上;当管道位于舱室中心时,在壁面两侧的任意一侧安装均可;探头沿舱室高度方向的布设位置应高于释放源0.6~1.6 m。

紫外消毒剂量计算及其对水质指标的影响

建立紫外消毒计算流体力学数值模拟技术(CFD)模型,用于模拟供水管网中水体和微生物群落的关系,通过计算该模型的UV剂量,并基于4种UV剂量(138.26、260.88、273.91 mJ/cm^2和471.64 mJ/cm^2)开展饮用水UV消毒试验,研究饮用水消毒前后主要水质指标TOC、AOC在不同UV剂量下的变化,评估饮用水的微生物风险。试验结果表明:UV消毒后出水AOC浓度随UV剂量的增加而增大;高UV剂量(471.61 mJ/cm^2)可分解水中的有机物,从而降低出水TOC;高UV剂量在降低TOC浓度的同时,将大分子有机物分解为小分子有机物,从而增大了AOC占TOC的相对比例。试验结果为后续饮用水安全消毒研究提供理论与技术支持。

“红飘带”显示屏背后腔体的通风散热方案分析

"红飘带"是国庆70周年庆典时天安门广场上一临时构筑物,其上镶嵌的6块LED大屏幕在工作过程中主要依靠背部空调室来降温。由于美观和安全性等要求,空调室外机必须安装在飘带内部仅顶部镂空、近乎封闭的空间中,其释放的热量将会积聚而难以散出。设计团队先后提出了自然通风及大风机机械排风方式将高温空气"吹"出腔体的方案,并经过不同方案的气流组织模拟、风机结构优化、专家研讨及现场实测验证等系列工作,敲定了最终方案,解决了高温气体聚集、风机的大重量支撑及运转高噪声等问题,最终顺利保障了国庆阅兵及晚会期间飘带上所有显示屏的正常运转。详细介绍了计算机数值模拟辅助通风散热方案的设计与比选过程,并给出了方案实测结果,以期为将来类似的工程提供技术参考。

Influence of impeller diameter on local gas dispersion properties in a sparged multi-impeller stirred tank

Vertical distributions of local void fraction and bubble size in air-water dispersion system were measured with a dual conductivity probe in a fully baffled dished base stirred vessel with the diameter T of 0.48 m, holding 0.134 m3 liquid. The impeller combination with a six parabolic blade disk turbine below two down-pumping hy- drofoil propellers, identified as PDT ＋ 2CBY, was used in this study. The effects of the impeller diameter D, rang- ing from 0.30T to 0.40T （corresponding to D/T from 0.30 to 0.40）, on the local void fraction and bubble size were investigated by both experimental and CFD simulation methods. At low superficial gas velocity Vs of 0.0077 m· s-1, there is no obvious difference in the local void fraction distribution for all systems with different D/T. However, at high superficial gas velocity, the system with a D/TofO.30 leads to higher local void fraction than systems with other D/T. There is no significant variation in the axial distribution of the Sauter mean bubble size for all the systems with different D/T at the same gas superficial velocity. CFD simulation based on the two-fluid model along with the population balance model （PBM） was used to investigate the effect of the impeller diameter on the gas-liquid flows. The local void fraction predicted by the numerical simulation approach was in reasonable a^reement with the experimental data.

Influence of impeller diameter on overall gas dispersion properties in a sparged multi-impeller stirred tank

The impeller configuration with a six parabolic blade disk turbine below two down-pumping hydrofoil propellers, identified as PDT + 2CBY, was used in this study. The effect of the impeller diameter D, ranging from0.30 T to 0.40T(T as the tank diameter), on gas dispersion in a stirred tank of 0.48 m diameter was investigated by experimental and CFD simulation methods. Power consumption and total gas holdup were measured for the same impeller configuration PDT + 2CBY with four different D/T. Results show that with D/T increases from 0.30 to 0.40, the relative power demand(RPD) in a gas–liquid system decreases slightly. At low superficial gas velocity VSof 0.0078 m·s-1, the gas holdup increases evidently with the increase of D/T. However, at high superficial gas velocity, the system with D/T = 0.33 gets a good balance between the gas recirculation and liquid shearing rate, which resulted in the highest gas holdup among four different D/T. CFD simulation based on the two-fluid model along with the Population Balance Model(PBM) was used to investigate the effect of impeller diameter on the gas dispersion. The power consumption and total gas holdup predicted by CFD simulation were in reasonable agreement with the experimental data.

Riser VIV and its numerical simulation

This paper summarizes some of the typical riser vortex-induced vibration （VIV） problems in subsea oil and gas developments, and presents the corresponding computational fluid dynamics （CFD） time domain simula- tion results to address these problems. First, the CFD time domain simulation approach was applied to analyze the wake field behind a stationary cylinder and a vibrating cylinder. Then a vertical riser VIV response under uniform current was studied. The VIV response time histories revealed some valuable clues that could lead to explanation of the higher harmonics. After that, a vertical riser VIV response under shear current was investigated. A 3 000 ft （1 ft=-0.304 8 m） water depth top tensioned riser was sized, and its VIV responses under uniform and shear current were studied. Then this paper continues to discuss one catenary flexible riser VIV response during normal lay. Last, the time domain simulation approach was applied to a partially submerged flexible jumper, to study the jumper VIV behavior, and dynamic motion envelopes. It was demonstrated that the time domain simulation ap- proach is able to disclose details of the flow field, vortex shedding pattern, and riser dynamic behavior, and han- dle different tvoes of risers under different Woe of currents.

Numerical simulation of dust distribution at a fully mechanized face under the isolation effect of an air curtain

At a fully mechanized working face of a coal mine as prototype,we investigated,by simulation,the flow field and dust distribution during the process of its isolation by a curtain of air,using the CFD software, Fluent.The results show that the air curtain installed on the shearer can effectively prevent the dust （especially the respirable dust）from diffusing into the work area of the operator,reducing the dust concentration on the side of the operator and greatly improving his working environment.The field application of the air curtain shows that the dust-isolation effect of an air curtain is quite noticeable.The isolation efficiency for respiratory dust is over 70%and,as well,it has good dust-isolation effect for nonrespiratory dust.The air curtain is a useful way to resolve the problem of dust-isolation at a fully mechanized working face.It has a practical background elsewhere with more extensive applications.

In-situ remediation of deep petroleum-contaminated soil injection

A computational fluid dynamics(CFD)numerical simulation and field experiment were used to investigate optimal operating parameters of high-pressure jet grouting equipment and clarify the boundary law of the injection area in the remediation process.The response surface optimization design results show that the optimal injection pressure is 30 MPa,rotation speed is 23 r/min,commission speed is 30 cm/min,and the optimal injection diameter is 147.3 cm.Based on the CFD numerical simulation,the ratio of the injection core,turbulent zone,and seepage zone is approximately 1∶4∶2.The distribution law of jet core,turbulence zone and seepage zone at different cross-sections under 30 MPa operating conditions is as follows:The jet core radius is approximately 100 mm,the turbulence zone is mainly distributed at 100 to 500 mm,the seepage zone is mainly distributed at 500 to 700 mm,the seepage zone could be completed within 2 h,and the proportion of the three boundary zones in the injection zone is similar to that of the numerical simulation.This study provides theoretical parameters and practical reference for the remediation of deep pollution via in-situ chemical oxidation in the Loess Plateau soil environment.

Numerical aerodynamic analysis of bluff bodies at a high Reynolds number with three-dimensional CFD modeling

This paper focuses on numerical simulations of bluff body aerodynamics with three-dimensional CFD(computational fluid dynamics) modeling,where a computational scheme for fluid-structure interactions is implemented.The choice of an appropriate turbulence model for the computational modeling of bluff body aerodynamics using both two-dimensional and three-dimensional CFD numerical simulations is also considered.An efficient mesh control method which employs the mesh deformation technique is proposed to achieve better simulation results.Several long-span deck sections are chosen as examples which were stationary and pitching at a high Reynolds number.With the proposed CFD method and turbulence models,the force coefficients and flutter derivatives thus obtained are compared with the experimental measurement results and computed values completely from commercial software.Finally,a discussion on the effects of oscillation amplitude on the flutter instability of a bluff body is carried out with extended numerical simulations.These numerical analysis results demonstrate that the proposed three-dimensional CFD method,with proper turbulence modeling,has good accuracy and significant benefits for aerodynamic analysis and computational FSI studies of bluff bodies.

Accuracy details in realistic CFD modeling of an industrial centrifugal pump in direct and reverse modes

Numerical computation of the flowfield inside a pump is herein used as a numerical laboratory, subject to the limitations of modeling assumptions and to experimental verification. A numerical computation of the flow inside a real industrial centrifugal pump is performed that includes a very sophisticated geometry. Conversely to other computations, in this test case no simplification of the geometry was introduced. Numerical computations are obtained using Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model. A detailed analysis of the turbulent flowstructure is performed for the design point and two off design conditions. Additional computations were performed in order to compare the numerical and experimental pump characteristics; these were obtained under normalized testing conditions. Further computations are presented for the pump working in reverse turbine mode (PAT). Detailed analyses of the flow allow a comparison of the internal flow losses when the pump is operating in direct and reverse mode. This is also useful to help in the selection of an adequate pump geometry that can work in both modes with best efficiency.

Numerical analysis of periodic flow unsteadiness in a single-blade centrifugal pump

In this paper,the CFD simulation and new flow unsteadiness analysis for a single-blade centrifugal pump with whole flow passage were carried out.The periodic flow unsteadiness has been quantitatively investigated in detail by defining unsteady intensity and turbulence intensity in both rotor and volute domains under design condition Q=33 L s 1.The results show that the distributions of flow unsteadiness are the functions of impeller rotating angle and have complex unsteady characteristics.The obvious T u fluctuations can be also observed for different impeller positions.In addition,time-averaged unsteady intensity and time-averaged turbulence intensity were calculated by averaging the results of each mesh node for entire impeller revolution period to evaluate the strength distributions of flow unsteadiness directly and comprehensively.The accumulative results of an impeller revolution can directly show the positions and strength of the flow unsteadiness and turbulence intensity in both rotor and stator domains which can be an important aspect to be considered in the single-blade pump optimum design procedure for obtaining more stable inner flow of the pump and decreasing flow-induced vibration and noise.The flow unsteadiness in the side chamber cannot be neglected for an accurate prediction of the inner flow of the pump,and the optimizing design procedure for a single-blade pump impeller will not be accurate using CFD tool if the unsteady flow phenomenon in the side chamber is not considered.

Numerical Analysis of a Wells Turbine at Different Non-dimensional Piston Frequencies

Wave energy is one of the renewable energy sources with the highest potential.Several pilot plants have been built based on the principle of the Oscillating Water Column(OWC).Among the different solutions that have been suggested,the Wells turbine has gained particular attention due to its simplicity and reliability.The majority of available studies concentrate on the steady operation of the Wells turbine,while only few analyze its performance under an unsteady and bi-directional air flow,as determined by the presence of the OWC system.In this work,experimental and numerical performance of a high-solidity Wells turbine with NACA0015 profiles have been compared,at different non-dimensional piston frequencies.The numerical simulations have been conducted using commercial CFD software and focus on unsteady predictions,with particular attention to the behavior of the flow upstream and downstream of the rotor,flow hysteresis between acceleration and deceleration phases and differences between intake and exhaust strokes due to the non-symmetrical configuration of the machine.