基于数字孪生的教育效用分析

基于数字孪生的教育效用分析是教育对象(如教育者、学习者、学习素材、学习过程、价值模型、能力评估等)大数据的因果链、价值链的数字分析模型,通过接收来自教育对象的数据而实时演化。可对人的培养过程进行分析、预测、诊断、训练等(即仿真),并将仿真结果反馈给教育对象,从而帮助对教育对象进行培养过程优化和干预决策。

计算机内插在数字高程分析中的应用

对数字高程模型分析中常用的内插方法进行了介绍,对拉格朗日(Lagrange)内插法、不规则三角网(TIN)内插、标准格网内插法进行了算法研究并在工程应用中编写计算机程序,在深圳软地基处理的沉降监测工程中对监测样本点的沉降进行内插计算和分析。

基于DEM的长江三峡地区流域分析

长江三峡地区地形复杂,水资源丰富,地质灾害频发,时时威胁着人民的生命和财产安全。水成为了引起灾害的一个重要因素,因此对水源分布情况的了解就显得极为重要。本文借助ArcGIS平台,在DEM上进行流域分析,提取研究区的河网、集水区域等重要水文信息。

内陆核电厂温排水对环境影响的计算分析

内陆核电厂的排水主要为低放射性温排水。为分析温排水对受纳水体水温的影响,结合两座典型的内陆拟建核电厂厂址条件(滨库厂址和滨河厂址),在分析拟定的3种工况条件下,利用数值模型对核电厂温排水的环境影响进行了分析。分析结果表明:核电厂温排水对受纳水体的影响主要在冬季,夏季几乎没有影响。根据分析结果,提出了内陆核电厂温排水数模输入参数的建议。

Determining Topographic Shielding from Digital Elevation Models for Cosmogenic Nuclide Analysis:a GIS Approach and Field Validation

Topographic shielding of cosmic radiation flux is a key parameter in using cosmogenic nuclides to determine surface exposure ages or erosion rates. Traditionally, this parameter is measured in the field and uncertainty and/or inconsistency may exist among different investigators. This paper provides an ArcGIS python code to determine topographic shielding factors using digital elevation models （DEMs）. This code can be imported into ArcGIS as a geoprocessing tool with a user-friendly graphical interface. The DEM-derived parameters using this method were validated with field measurements in central Tian Shan. Results indicate that DEM-derived shielding factors are consistent with field-measured values. It provides a valuable tool to save fieldwork efforts and has the potential to provide consistent results for different regions in the world to facilitate the comparison of cosmogenie nuclide results.

口内扫描在食物嵌塞治疗中的应用

目的:运用数字模型进行咬合接触分析,精准指导调[牙合]与咬合接触重建。方法:使用口内模型扫描仪获取牙齿解剖形态及咬合关系信息,生成数字化模型。根据数字模型上显示的咬合接触区分布及咬合过程中牙齿接触强度变化进行牙齿受力分析,查找产生食物嵌塞的原因。运用调[牙合]与修复技术消除不利型咬合接触,同时建立有利型咬合接触。术后1周、 3个月进行复查。结果:经3个月临床观察,73例食物嵌塞患者症状全部解除,牙齿接触强度维持良好。结论:使用数字模型分析食物嵌塞原因,方法直观、简便、可靠性强,同时能精准指导临床调[牙合]与咬合接触重建。

Hazard and population vulnerability analysis: a step towards landslide risk assessment

In this paper, an attempt to analyse landslide hazard and vulnerability in the municipality of Pahuatlfin, Puebla, Mexico, is presented. In order to estimate landslide hazard, the susceptibility, magnitude （area-velocity ratio） and landslide frequency of the area of interest were produced based on information derived from a geomorphological landslide inventory; the latter was generated by using very high resolution satellite stereo pairs along with information derived from other sources （Google Earth, aerial photographs and historical information）. Estimations of landslide susceptibility were determined by combining four statistical techniques： （i） logistic regression, （ii） quadratic discriminant analysis, （iii） linear discriminant analysis, and （iv） neuronal networks. A Digital Elevation Model （DEM） of lo m spatial resolution was used to extract the slope angle, aspect, curvature, elevation and relief. These factors, in addition to land cover, lithology anddistance to faults, were used as explanatory variables for the susceptibility models. Additionally, a Poisson model was used to estimate landslide temporal frequency, at the same time as landslide magnitude was obtained by using the relationship between landslide area and the velocity of movements. Then, due to the complexity of evaluating it, vulnerability of population was analysed by applying the Spatial Approach to Vulnerability Assessment （SAVE） model which considered levels of exposure, sensitivity and lack of resilience. Results were expressed on maps on which different spatial patterns of levels of landslide hazard and vulnerability were found for the inhabited areas. It is noteworthy that the lack of optimal methodologies to estimate and quantify vulnerability is more notorious than that of hazard assessments. Consequently, levels of uncertainty linked to landslide risk assessment remain a challenge to be addressed.

顾及形态特征的突变地形DEM构建方法

当前数字高程模型(DEM)无法有效表达突变地形真实地表形态,严重制约了突变地形DEM在这些区域的应用。本文选取南京市某一区域为研究区,对特征线分别采用建模可用高程点加密法和平行特征线法,在特征线处理参与的情况下,建立分辨率为1 m规则格网DEM进行对比分析,验证不同方法在突变地形处DEM构建效果。实验结果表明,本研究两种思路构建的DEM与传统DEM相比,无论是高程精度还是形态精度都具有明显的优势。在突变地形两侧高程信息突变不明显的情况下,传统构建法和建模可用高程点加密法平均误差相接近,平行特征线法平均误差仅0.42 m;地形复杂的区域,传统构建法和建模可用高程点加密法平均误差均超过1 m,平行特征线法平均误差仅0.94 m,高程精度验证结果理想。研究表明,无论是地形相对简单的区域还是地形复杂的区域,平行特征线法构建突变地形效果更优。

Equilibrium morphology of gas–liquid Janus droplets: A numerical analysis of buoyancy effect

In this article, a theoretical model for predicting the equilibrium morphology of gas–liquid Janus droplets was built. Based on this model, the effects of bubble radius and volume ratio on morphology change was systematically studied. The increase of bubble radius causes the two parts(bubble and oil drop) in Janus droplets tend to merge while the impact of volume ratio is complicated. When volume ratio increases, these two parts firstly tend to merge, then gradually separate. The accuracy of this model was verified by experimental results.

Drainage Network and Lineament Analysis:An Approach for Potwar Plateau(Northern Pakistan)

Drainage responds rapidly to tectonic changes and thus it is a potential parameter for teetonogeomorphological analysis. Drainage network of Potwar is a good geological record of movement, displacements, regional uplifts and erosion of the tectonic units. This study focuses on utilizing drainage network extracted from Shuttle Radar Digital Elevation Data （SRTM-DEM） in order to constrain the structure of the Potwar Plateau. SWAN syncline divides Potwar into northern Potwar deformed zone （NPDZ） and southern Potwar platform zone （SPPZ）. We extracted the drainage network from DEM and analyzed 112 streams using stream power law. Spatial distribution of concavity and steepness indices were used to prepare uplift rate map for the area. DEM was further utilized to extract lineaments to study the mutual relationship between lineaments and drainage patterns. We compared the local correlation between the extracted lineaments and drainage network of the area that gives us quantitative information and shows promising prospects. The streams in the NPDZ indicate high steepness values as compared to the streams in the SPPZ. The spatial distribution of geomorphic parameters distinctive deformation and uplift rates suggest the among eastern, central and western parts. The local correlation between drainage network and lineaments from DEM is strongly positive in the area within I km of radius.

Morphotectonic and Lithostratigraphic Analysis of Intermontane Karewa Basin of Kashmir Himalayas,India

Morpho-tectonic study plays an important role in deciphering the effects of tectonic activity in the geomorphic evolution of the drainage basins.Romushi watershed forms one of the major watersheds of the intermontane Karewa Basin of Kashmir Valley.The Karewa sediments are characterized by glacio-fluvio-lacustrine deposits capped by the aeolian loess.The geomorphic,morphometric and lithostratigraphic studies of these cap deposits have been carried out to elucidate the effect of tectonics on the geomorphic evolution of Romushi Watershed.Geomorphic mapping was carried out using GPS measurements,DEM at 30m resolution,Topographic Position Index(TPI) model,topographic maps,LANDSAT TM Imagery and field data.Morphometric and morphotectonic analyses in GIS environment were used to calculate various geomorphic indices(Mountain Front Sinuosity Index,Bifurcation Ratio,Asymmetry Factor,River Profile,etc).These indices reveal that the tectonic uplift observed in the region due to Himalayan orogeny coupled with mass movement and aeolian deposition have dominated the landscape evolution of intermontane Karewa Basin of Kashmir throughout the Late Quaternary Period.Additional data from lithostratigraphic measurements were analyzed to understand the geomorphic evolution of intermontane Karewa Basin.The data revealed that the basin has experienced differential uplift and erosion rates from time to time in the geological past.This was corroborated by the results from the morphometric and morphotectonic analysis.

Simulating Evolution of a Loess Gully Head with Cellular Automata

This paper presents a new method for simulating the evolution of a gully head in a loess catchment with cellular automata(CA) based on the Fisher discriminant. The experimental site is an indoor loess catchment that was constructed in a fixed-intensity rainfall erosion test facility. Nine high-resolution digital elevation model(DEM) data sets were gathered by close range photogrammetry during different phases of the experiment. To simulate the evolution of the catchment gully head, we assumed the following. First, the 5th and 6th DEM data sets were used as a data source for acquiring the location of the catchment gully head and for obtaining spatial variables with GIS spatial analysis tools. Second, the Fisher discriminant was used to calculate the weight of the spatial variables to determine the transition probabilities. Third, CA model was structured to simulate the evolution of the gully head by iterative looping. The status of the cell in the CA models was dynamically updated at the end of each loop to obtain realistic results. Finally, the nearest neighbor, G-function, K-function, Moran′s I and fractal indexes were used to evaluate the model results. Overall, the CA model can be used to simulate the evolution of a loess gully head. The experiment demonstrated the advantages of the CA model which can simulate the dynamic evolution of gully head evolution in a catchment.

Numerical Spectral Model Based on BPMfor Er-doped Waveguide Amplifiers

A spectral numerical analysis method to analyze the Er-doped waveguide amplifiers(EDWA) in wavelength division multiplexing is presented. This model is based on finite difference beam propagation method modified by Douglas scheme, which can efficiently reduce the truncation error and time consumption. By superposing the Lorentzian function for the experimental curves, the spectral properties of EDWA can be investigated. Results show that the pump efficiency of EDWA pumped at 980nm is higher than that at 1480nm. Meanwhile, by rationally increasing the pump length and the erbium concentration, larger signal gains can be acquired. Taking account of the up-conversion and cross-relaxation effects of cooperation, the spectrum analysis of highly doped EDWA is carried out over a wider frequency band.

Numerical analysis of bump foil bearings without nominal radial clearance

Bump foil bearings without nominal radial clearance were analyzed. An air film thickness model and a bearing theoretical analytical model were developed accounting for air compressibility and foil deformation. To analyze hydrodynamic characteristics of bump foil bearings with different operating eccentricities, the air film thickness equation and Reynolds equation were coupled through pressure and solved by Newton-Raphson Method (NRM) and Finite Difference Method (FDM). The characteristics of an bump foil bearing model were discussed including load carrying capacity, film thickness and pressure distributions. The results of simulation show that bump foil bearing without nominal radial clearance can provide better stability and greater load capacity. This numerical analytical method also reveals a good convergence in numerical calculation.

Determining Critical Support Discharge of a Riverhead and River Network Analysis： Case Studies of Lhasa River and Nyangqu River

A riverhead is the demarcation point of continuous water channel and seasonal channel, which is characterized by a criti- cal flow that can support a continuous water body. In this study, the critical support discharge （CSD） is defined as the critical steady flows required to form the origin of a stream. The CSD is used as the criterion to determine the beginning of the riverhead, which can be controlled by hydro-climate factors （e.g., annual precipitation, annual evaporation, or minimum stream flow in arid season）. The CSD has a close correlation with the critical support/source area （CSA） that largely affects the density of the river network and the division of sub-watersheds. In general, river density may vary with regional meteorological and hydrological conditions that have to be considered in the analysis. In this paper, a new model referring to the relationship of CSA and CSD is proposed, which is based on the physical mechanism for the origin of riverheads. The feasibility of the model was verified using two watersheds （Duilongqu Basin of the Lhasa River and Beishuiqu Basin of the Nyangqu River） in Tibet Autonomous Region to calculate the CSA and extract river networks. A series of CSAs based on different CSDs in derived equation were tested by comparing the extracted river networks with the reference network obtained from a digitized map of river network at large scales. Comparison results of river networks derived from digital elevation model with real ones indicate that the CSD （equal to criterion of flow quantity （Qc）） are 0.0028 m3/s in Duilongqu and 0.0085 m3/s in Beishuiqu. Results show that the Qc can vary with hydro-climate conditions. The Qc is high in humid region and low in arid region, and the optimal Qo of 0.0085 m3/s in Beishuiqu Basin （humid region） is higher than 0.0028 m3/s in Duilongqu Basin （semi-arid region）. The suggested method provides a new application approach that can be used to determine the Qo of a riverhead in complex geographical regions, which can also reflect the effect of hydro-climate change on rivers supply in different regions.

Solid Waste Dumping Site Selection Using GIS and Remote Sensing for Kajiado County, Kenya

Solid waste dumping is a hectic problem in urban and developing areas due to shortage of land for the purpose. The main objective of this study was to select potential areas for suitable solid waste dumping for Kajiado County, Kenya. Eight input map layers including DEM （digital elevation model）, topography, urban settlement, roads, wetlands, rivers, forests and protected areas were prepared and MCDA （Multi Criteria Decision Analysis Methods） were implemented in a GIS （geographic information systems） environment. GIS, RS （remote sensing） and MDCA are powerful tools which can effectively be applied during the planning phase of solid waste management in order to avoid adverse catastrophes in future. The final suitability map was prepared by weighted overlay analyses and leveled as the most suitable, moderate suitable, less suitable and unsuitable areas. The area of each suitability level was calculated using spatial statistics. Polygons representing the most suitable sites were further analyzed in terms of area perimeter ratio in order to investigate the most suitable areas in terms of shape regularity. The leading four polygons considered were marked A, B, C, D respectively in the final map. This study showed that suitable areas for solid waste landfills were limited and scattered in the study area.

A Computational Investigation of the Thermohydraulics of an EGS Project

A numerical analysis of the thermohydraulics of an enhanced geothermal system project is presented. The rock structures are modelled as porous medium, based on the computationally obtained hydraulic fracturing data of other authors. The influence of the domain size, grid resolution, temporal resolution and the discretization scheme is assessed to obtain a highly accurate numerical solution under the prevailing modelling assumptions. Based on the numerical model, different production scenarios are investigated and discussed. The relative positioning of the injection and production ports is also analyzed. It is shown that there is a considerable potential for optimizing the production rate and the port configuration to obtain the most favorable results for the production temperature, investment costs and operation costs.