大学生数字素养:理论内涵及培育路径

数字时代,大学生数字素养的培育与提升至关重要,它既是大学生生存发展的必要前提,又是落实立德树人根本任务的重要内容,更是数字中国建设的关键环节。基于马克思、恩格斯关于人的能力的思想,大学生数字素养是数字时代作为主体的大学生所具有的为满足自身需要而在各种数字实践中从事对象性活动、实现自我本质力量的内在可能性,关系到知识、技能、态度三个方面。针对大学生数字素养的现实短板,相关主体应通力协作,从知识、技能、态度三个方面着手,汇聚起培育与提升大学生数字素养的强大合力。

ATTITUDE MEASUREMENT ON HIGH-SPINNING PROJECTILE USING MAGNETIC SENSORS AND ACCELEROMETERS

In allusion to the limitations of the traditional attitude measurement system consisting of a three-axis magnetic sensor and two accelerometers on high-spinning projectile, a new scheme comprised of two magnetic sensors and two accelerometers installed in a particular way is given. The configuration of the sensors is described. The calculation method and the mathematical model of the projectile attitude based on the sensor configuration are discussed. The basic calculation method including the Magsonde Window, the proof of the ratios of maximums and minimums and the calculation of the attitude angles are analyzed in theory. Finally, the system is simulated under the given conditions. The simulation result indicates that the estimated attitude angles are in agreement with the true attitude angles.

中国居民数字素养的基本内涵、水平测度及结构特征

借鉴欧盟公民数字技能测算方法,利用CGSS数据分析我国居民数字素养水平及结构特征。研究发现:第一,大多数居民在数字操作和数字交互方面最为熟练,在数字伦理、数字认知及数字创作方面处于低级水平,在数字创作和数字操作方面存在两极分化。第二,虽然我国互联网普及率较高,但部分网民仍不具有数字素养,且网民以初等和中等数字素养者为多。第三,绝大多数老年人不具备数字素养,中年人以初等数字素养者为多,青年人以中高等数字素养者为主,其原因是老年人与中青年人间存在“接入性”数字鸿沟,而中年人与青年人间存在“接入性”与“使用性”双重数字鸿沟。第四,因存在“接入性”数字鸿沟,过半的低学历者缺失数字素养;因中、高学历者之间的数字鸿沟以“使用性”鸿沟为主,前者中、初等素养者占比最高,后者中以中、高等数字素养者居多。第五,因城乡间与区域间“接入性”数字鸿沟显著,一半左右的农村户籍人口、非流动人口、中西部地区人口无数字素养。为此应从制定普及数字素养的教育计划、加强弱势群体数字素养培训、加强数字技术基础设施建设、搭建数字技能培训协作体系等方面提升居民数字素养。

An efficient algorithm and FPGA implementation of video luminance transient improvement

In this paper, a high-performance and low-complexity luminance transient improvement （LTI） algorithm is proposed and efficiently implemented on field programmable gate army （FPGA） devices, which can be widely used to enhance the sharpness of digital video. The proposed algorithm generates the cor- rection signal by using the difference of the outputs of two Gaussian filters with different variances, and then modulates the correction signal adaptively according to the local contrast information of video frames. A 2-D min/max nonlinear filter is employed to suppress overshoots around edges. The proposed algorithm is thoroughly confirmed by experiments and compared with other algorithms on irrkages, which produces steeper edges and better visual quality while suppressing noise and artifacts. And the hardware architecture suitable for FPGA implementation is optimized based on the property of the algorithm and proves to be effective and efficient in many respects, such as resource consumption, performance and reconfigura- bility. The specific implementation details on both Xilinx and Ahera FPGA devices are also described in this paper.

中小学教师数字伦理素养的影响因素研究——基于计划行为理论框架

教育数字化转型对中小学教师的专业能力与职业要求提出了新的挑战。在此背景下,关注中小学教师的数字伦理素养是顺应数字化时代的重要课题。通过对2990名中小学教师的问卷调查,在计划行为理论视域下对教师数字伦理素养的影响机制进行了实证分析。研究发现,主观规范、数字道德行为态度、知觉行为控制对教师数字伦理素养具有正向影响;规则型及关怀型学校伦理氛围均对教师数字伦理素养具有正向影响;数字道德行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制在教师数字伦理素养的影响机制中发挥着不同程度的中介作用。应重视教师个体层面的道德信念因素与外部环境因素的综合影响,关注教师数字伦理素养发展差异,增强教师数字伦理教育的实效性;提升教师“道德人”的责任自觉,强化教师数字道德自律;塑造伦理型学校氛围,重视教师道德共同体建设;完善教育领域技术应用的伦理规范,明确多元主体的伦理责任。

Selection of Measured Signals in the Navigation Measuring Complex

To increase accuracy of navigation parameters,a perspective measuring complex with intellectual components is developed.Conception of synthesis optimal structure of the measuring complex is realized basing on a selective method using principles of the functional systems.Selection of measured information is finished by original numeric criterion of observation level of state vector components.Prediction is realized by algorithm of self-organization that makes synthesis of the optimal complication.Therefore mechanism of self-regulation is realized and accuracy of the selective navigation complex is increased.

Coverage-based cooperative target acquisition for hypersonic interceptions

This paper presents a novel coverage-based cooperative target acquisition algorithm for hypersonic interceptions. Firstly, the difficulties in the hypersonic trajectory prediction are introduced which invalidate the conventionally used predicted impact point based mid-course guidance and seeker acquisition. Secondly, in order to optimally estimate and predict the target trajectory information, the interacting multiple model(IMM) algorithm is used with the constant velocity(CV) model, the constant acceleration(CA) model and the Singer model serving as the model set. The target states are described with the probability density function(PDF) based on the IMM prediction. Thirdly, the interceptor seeker target acquisition model is established which considers the blur edge region of the field of view. The cooperative target acquisition algorithm is designed by maximizing the interceptor seekers cooperative coverage of the target high probability region(HPR). Finally, digital simulations prove the effectiveness of the proposed method and reveal that the real challenge in the hypersonic target acquisition is the poor trajectory prediction accuracy which may further result to the unsteadiness of the interceptor trajectories.