数字法理的基础概念与命题

数字法理是数字法学的基本范畴,是数字法治的理论基石。从对数字法理的这一科学认知出发,立足数字科技发展和数字法治建设的历史、现实和未来,参考国内外文献,提炼出数字本原、数字正义、数字人权、数字主权、数字平台、数字向善、数字安全、数字治理、数字文明、数字中国等数字法理的基础概念及围绕其展开的理论命题,诸如:代码即法律,算法即规则;数字正义是社会正义原则和正义实现机制在数字领域的体现;数字人权引领第四代人权;数字主权是“数字国家”新主权,是国家主权新形态;平台权力是把双刃剑;数字科技是第一创造力,数字向善是第一价值观;数字安全和发展是一体之两翼、驱动之双轮;数字治理的目标是构建包容性数字社会秩序;迈向数字文明新时代;数字中国和法治中国相辅相成、相得益彰;等等。尝试以这些概念和命题来展示现阶段数字法理研究的成果。

从德性到法性——当代数字艺术哲学研究的视野转换

数字艺术是一种基于人工智能技术创生的新型艺术形态,其本质在于内生性的双重互动不确定性机制。在该机制的作用下,数字艺术生产、传播、消费和监管秩序较之原子艺术发生了重大而深远的变化。原子艺术数千年来励精图治所建构起来的审美尺度、审美范式、审美惯例,和以此为基础,以情感陶冶、思想启迪、心灵净化和道德教化为主要标志的艺术伦理为数字艺术的特殊机制所瓦解;与此同时,这种特殊机制还赋予了数字艺术独特而强烈的致瘾性、自由性、私密性、互动性、无偿性等行为特征。这些特殊机制一方面极大扩张了数字艺术主体的自由权利,另一方面也引发了日益广泛的消费者身心健康权利损害和社会公共安全问题。所有这些问题都超越了艺术伦理的范畴和界线,必须引入法理思维和方法才能解决。探索和创建崭新的数字艺术法理学需要摒弃传统的"艺术无害"和"艺术自由"意识,并将是否有利于人类身心健康权益作为考察和研判数字艺术行为合法性的法理圭臬。

数字何以生成法理?

数字社会生成了虚实同构的生活空间,塑造了人的数字身份,并构建了人机交互的生活场景。因而,对传统的工商社会逻辑进行了改写和重建,形成了数字经济逻辑和数字社会规律,进而催生了数字法学和数字法理。它呈现出数字法律规则、数字法律关系、数字法律行为、数字法律正义、数字法律方法等发展面向。数字法理具有继承性与包容性、横断性与融合性、自主性与开放性等时代特征,体现了数字时代的变革要求和未来发展超势。

A New Cochlear Prosthetic System with an Implanted DSP

This paper proposes a cochlear prosthetic system with an implanted digital signal processor （DSP）. This system transmits voice-band signals with a low data rate through the wireless link, free of the data-rate limitation and suitable for future development. By optimizing the speech processing algorithm and the DSP hardware design, the implanted DSP manages to execute the continuous interleaved sampling （CIS） algorithm at a clock frequency of 3MHz and a power consumption of only 1.91mW. With an analytic power-transmission efficiency of the wireless inductive link （40%）, the power overhead caused by the implanted DSP is derived as 2.87roW,which is trivial when compared with the power consumption of existing cochlear prosthetic systems （tens of milliwatts）. With the DSP implanted,this new system can.be easily developed into a fully implanted cochlear prosthesis.

Determination of Precise Instantaneous Height at Multibeam Transducer

To overcome the shortcomings of the traditional multibeam survey and data processing, a new method is presented for the precise determination of the instantaneous height at the multibeam transducer by the blend of GPS height and heave signals. Before signal blend, GPS height and heave signals need to be corrected first to the transducer center by attitude correction. Second, the GPS height needs to be checked and modified by heave check and modification itself. Butterworth and FFT （fast Fourier transformation） were used in the signal blend. Finally, FFT is thought to be appropriate in signal processing. The new method efficiently overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional method, and this is proven well by the MBS （multibeam bathymetric system） experiment.

Experimental Study on Local Mass Transfer of Structured Packing with the Method of Flow Visualization

A chromochemical reactive mass transfer technique has been employed to study local mass transfer characteristics of structured packing. This technology adopted by experiment is an Ammonia Adsorption Method （AAM） that yields the surface distribution of transferred mass by analyzing the color distribution on a filter paper with the results of the color chemical reaction. A digital image processing technology is applied for data visualiza-tion. The three-dimensional plot of the local mass transfer coefficients shows that there exist three peak values on different positions of a unit cell of structured packing. In order to improve mass transfer efficiency of the structured packing, one piece of baffle is added between packing sheets. As a result, the average mass transfer coefficient increases by （10 20）% and the pressure drop decreases by （15-55）%.

Oil–water pre-separation with a novel axial hydrocyclone

A novel hydrocyclone with guide vanes, named as axial hydrocyclone(AHC), is designed to tackle the problem of oil–water separation faced by most mature oilfields. Optimal design of the AHC is carried out by using numerical methods. The effects of guide vanes, cone angle, tapered angle and overflow pipe on the oil–water separation are discussed in this paper. The results show that a double swirling flow is generated in the tapered section where oil–water separation occurs. Both the cylindrical and the tapered section have important influences on AHC performance. On the basis of single factor results, response surface methodology is employed to optimize the AHC design. The experimental results indicate that the novel AHC has an excellent performance for the oil–water separation.

Development of a mass model in estimating weight-wise particle size distribution using digital image processing

Particle size distribution of coarse aggregates through mechanical sieving gives results in terms of cumu- lative mass percent. But digital image processing generated size distribution of particles, while being fast and accurate, is often expressed in terms of area function or number of particles. In this paper, a mass model is developed which converts the image obtained size distribution to mass-wise distribution, mak- ing it readily comparable to mechanical sieving data. The concept of weight/particle ratio is introduced for mass reconstruction from 2D images of particle aggregates. Using this mass model, the effects of several particle shape parameters （such as major axis, minor axis, and equivalent diameter） on sieve-size of the particles is studied. It is shown that the sieve-size of a particle strongly depend upon the shape param- eters, 91% of its variation being explained by major axis, minor axis, bounding box length and equivalent diameter. Furthermore, minor axis gives an overall accurate estimate of particle sieve-size, error in mean size （D-50） being just 0.4%. However, sieve-size of smaller particles （〈20 ram） strongly depends upon the length of the smaller arm of the bounding box enclosing them and sieve-sizes of larger particles （〉20 mm） are highly correlated to their equivalent diameters. Multiple linear regression analysis has been used to generate overall mass-wise particle size distribution, considering the influences of all these shape parameters on particle sieve-size. Multiple linear regression generated overall mass-wise particle size distribution shows a strong correlation with sieve generated data. The adjusted R-square value of the regression analysis is found to be 99 percent （w.r,t cumulative frequency）. The method proposed in this paper provides a time-efficient way of producing accurate （up to 99%） mass-wise PSD using digital image processing and it can be used effectively to renlace the mechanical sieving.

Lattice Reduction Aided MMSE Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding Based on VBLAST Algorithm for MIMO Systems

A lattice reduction aided (LRA) minimum mean square error (MMSE) Tomlinson-Harashima pre-coding (THP) was proposed based on vertical Bell Labs layered space time (VBLAST) algorithm for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems. The extended channel was used to provide optimal tradeoff between residual interference and noise amplification. The processing based on lattice reduction method helps achieve maximal diversity order. The VBLAST algorithm was applied to get the optimal processing ordering for successive interference cancellation (SIC) at transmitter. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms conventional THP and the LRA zero-forcing (ZF) THP with full diversity order.

Comparison of fast discrete wavelet transform algorithms

This paper presents an analysis on and experimental comparison of several typical fast algorithms for discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and their implementation in image compression, particularly the Mallat algorithm, FFT-based algorithm, Short- length based algorithm and Lifting algorithm. The principles, structures and computational complexity of these algorithms are explored in details respectively. The results of the experiments for comparison are consistent to those simulated by MATLAB. It is found that there are limitations in the implementation of DWT. Some algorithms are workable only for special wavelet transform, lacking in generality. Above all, the speed of wavelet transform, as the governing element to the speed of image processing, is in fact the retarding factor for real-time image processing.

Numerical investigation on flow and heat transfer characteristics of corrugated tubes with non-uniform corrugation in turbulent flow

Based on finite volume method, the pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics of one smooth tube and ten different axisymmetric corrugated tubes, including two with uniform corrugation and eight with non-uniform corrugation, have been studied. A physical model of the corrugated tube was built, then the numerical simulation of the model was carried out and the numerical simulation results were compared with the empirical formula.The results show that: the friction factor decreases with the increase of Reynolds number ranging from 6000 to 57000, the value of which in the corrugated tubes with non-uniform corrugation(tube 03–10) are smaller than those with uniform corrugation(tube 01–02). The geometry parameters of tube(01) have advantages on the heat transfer enhancement in low Reynolds number flow region(from 6000 to 13000) and tube(07–08)have advantages on the heat transfer enhancement in high Reynolds number flow region(from 13000 to 57000). The vortex, existed in each area between two adjacent corrugations called second flow region, is the root of the enhancement on heat transfer in the corrugated tubes. The effectiveness factor decreases with the increasing of Reynolds number and the performances of the corrugated tubes with pitch of 12.5 mm have advantages than these of 10 mm under the same corrugation geometric parameter.

A Perturbing Scheme of Digital Chaos

With finite computation precision, digital chaos will lose chaotic characteristic. An efficient perturbance-based algorithm perturbing chaos variable algorithm(PCV) was proposed, which can be regarded as a remedy to digital chaos. After being perturbed, digital chaos systems are able to generate pseudo random sequences with perfect statistical properties and can be used as key stream generators in cryptogram.

H.263 VIDEO CODEC IMPLEMENTATION BASED ON MULTIMEDIA DSP

This letter introduces the implementation of H.263 video codec based on multimedia DSP TM1300, and discuses several key problems related to video coding.

Digital Rights Management：Model,Technology and Application

with rapid achievement of current information technology and computing ability and applications,much more digital content such as films,cartoons,design drawings,office documents and software source codes are produced in daily work,however to protect the content being copying,shared or deliberately stolen by inside or outside,digital rights management(DRM) became more and more important for digital content protection.In this paper,we studied various DRM model,technology and application,and first proposed DRM Security Infrastructure(DSI),in which we defined encryption,hash,signature algorithm,watermarking algorithms,authentication,usage control,trusted counter,conditional trace,secure payment,and based on the DSI we then proposed a whole classification approach and architecture of all kinds of DRMs,in which we proposed 6 typical classes of copyrights and content protection DRMs architecture:(1) Software-oriented DRM,(2) e Book-oriented DRM,(3) Video-oriented DRM,(4) Image-Oriented DRM(5) Unstructured data oriented DRM,(6) Text-oriented DRM.Based on the above DSI,we then proposed a dynamic DRM model selection method for various DRM application,which can be adapted dynamically for different technology of different applications,which can provide awhole solution for variant DRM development in a rapid and customized mode.The proposed DRM method,technology and application in this paper provided a common,flexible and extendable solution for variant DRM scenes,and can support rapid and customized development.Moreover,we proposed an opinion that the future life will enter into a new era that the content usage and consumption will not again adopt DRM technology rather than with law,liberty and morality.

Image Processing algorithm Based On The Solitary Wave

The core algorithm of digital image processing has mainly involved three aspects： random theory, wavelet analysis and partial differential equations. This paper presents a new algorithm, which takes the digital image as a pixel grid, and then establishes the dynamic equation that has solitary wave solutions. Moreover, the solution can become analytic so it can be applied to the image directly. Meanwhile, due to the elastic collision properties of the solitary wave, pixel of the same size can produce the same kind of solitary wave, which facilitates a further processing of pixel. The interplay between pixels can be further studied in terms of collision property on account of the nonlinear effect. Analysis of the algorithm shows that solitary wave amplitude characterize the effect between adjacent pixels, and the phase change of solitary waves provide the azimuth information of image.

A DIGITAL SIGNATURE-BASED VISUAL CRYPTOGRAPHY SCHEME FOR IMAGE DISCRIMINATION AND MANAGEMENT

Visual cryptography is a cryptographic technique which emerges in the information security domain in recent years. Each of the sharing sub-keys may be a stochastic noise image or a significative image with no information on the original key. But a mass of sub-keys have to be saved actually, which faces the problem of inconvenient discrimination and management. This paper presents a visual cryptography scheme based on the digital signature for image discrimination and management, applying the digital signature and the time-stamp technology to the visual cryptography scheme. The scheme both solves the problem on the storage and management of the sharing sub-keys, increases the verification of image contents, thus enhances the validity of storage and management without security effect.

Modeling Digital Evidence Management and Dynamics Using Petri Nets

In all phases of forensic investigation, digital evidence is exposed to external influences and coming into contact with many factors. Legal admissibility of digital evidence is the ability of that evidence being accepted as evidence in a court of law. Life cycle of digital evidence is very complex. In each stage there is more impact that can violate a chain of custody and its integrity. Contact with different variables occurs through a life cycle of digital evidence and can disrupt its integrity. In order for the evidence to be accepted by the court as valid, chain of custody for digital evidence must be kept, or it must be known who exactly came into contact with evidence in each stage of the investigation. This paper presents a dynamics and life cycle of digital evidence. The Petri nets will be proposed and used for modeling and simulation of this process.

Development of Sensor Oriented Dynamic Rotor Model as the Basis of Machine Diagnostics

Today, digital signal processing based on new microprocessor technology allows for successful machine protection and is acceptably cost-effective. Furthermore, by means of vibration-diagnostics monitoring of machines assisted by analytical methods it is possible to monitor and quantify dynamic parameters of a machine. By means of the analysis of dynamic behavior of rotor, it is possible to diagnose and solve the defects relating to rotor and other parts of machine. Recently, vibrations analysis and monitoring have become the most widespread method of machine diagnostics. Detection, identification and elimination of problems related to machine work can be simplified by modeling some dynamics solutions. The paper presents a mathematical model of elastic rotor with concentrated weight designed for the purpose of detecting defects with the help of vibrations measured by sensors based in bearings. Experimental results from test tables of the world＇s leading company, Bentley Nevada Co. USA, were used as the basis for development of this model. Accordingly, mathematical model for most of the cases was based on radial oscillation of rotor while torsion oscillations were used as the basis in some cases. Torsion vibrations cannot be detected without special sensors even at their highest magnitudes. Reliability of this model and accuracy of vibrodiagnostic analysis has been experimentally confirmed when applied on machines in operation.

Applying Digital Image Processing to Evaluate a Extraction Method of Cartographic Features in Digital Images

A topic studied in cartography is to make the extraction of cartographic features that provide the update of cartographic maps more easily. For this reason many automatic routines were created with the intent to perform the features extraction. Despite of all studies about this, some features cannot be found by the algorithm or it can extract some pixels unduly. So the current article aims to show the results with the software development that uses the original and reference image to calculate some statistics about the extraction process. Furthermore, the calculated statistics can be used to evaluate the extraction process.

Design and implementation of a DSP with multi-level low power strategies for cochlear implants

This paper presents the design and implementation of a low power digital signal processor （THUCIDSP-1 ） targeting at application for cochlear implants. Multi-level low power strategies including algorithm optimization, operand isolation, clock gating and memory partitioning are adopted in the processor design to reduce the power consumption. Experimental results show that the complexity of the Continuous Interleaved Sampling （CIS） algorithm is reduced by more than 80 % and the power dissipation of the hardware alone is reduced by about 25% with the low power methods. The THUCIDSP-1 prototype, fabricated in 0.18-μm standard CMOS process, consumes only 1.91 mW when executing the CIS algorithm at 3 MHz.