不同类型数学知识的有效教学方式

知识总是通过一定的方式进行传递,方式不同,人们对知识掌握的速度、深度可能也不同。不同类型的知识在形成、发展、迁移等过程中具有不同的特点,知识的类型是有效教学方式建构的一个依据。根据学科知识和人的认识特征两个维度,数学知识可划分为联结性数学概念、运算性数学概念等八种类型。不同知识应该选取不同教学方式,数学教学有效方式的选取,首先应在观念层面上形成深度认识知识、知识教学促进能力发展等理念;在实践层面上依据运算性知识的不同特点,分别进行类比—提问、探究—发现、变式—练习、指导—归纳等教学方式的建构。

浅谈包含自定义类型数学公式的权利要求的检索

自定义类型数学公式,一般是申请人基于发明创造具体的技术方案提出的关于若干数学参数之间关系的表达式,现有技术中很难找到类似的数学公式。而在检索中,直接输入数学公式进行检索往往收效甚微,且在检索系统中,对数学公式的表达有很大难度。本文针对自定义类型数学公式的特点,以两个实际案例出发讨论如何对自定义类型数学公式的权利要求进行有效的检索。

澳大利亚数学教材中的数学文化研究——以“整数”一章为例

从文化的视角,分析澳大利亚初中数学教材The Heinemann Maths Zone 7-10 VELS Enhanced＂整数＂一章中的数学文化类型、运用水平和文化功能,并从呈现更多样的文化类型、采用更加内在而自然的运用水平、体现更全面的文化功能等3个方面提出思考与建议.

浅谈小学数学作业的设计

当下为小学生减负的喊声不断,减负是否就意味着小学数学教育就不应该有作业,答案是否定的。小学数学不但要有作业,而且要有不同类型的作业,有针对性的作业,有远见的作业,这样才能帮助学生减轻一定的负担。

Γ型矿床及其资源评估模型的确立

本文依据矿床地质变量概率分布的不同类型将矿床分为正态分布型、Г分布型、对数正态分布型(简称之为正态型、Г型和对数正态型),并着重对Г型矿床展开了详细讨论。讨论了Г型矿床资源量的评估模型。提出Г分布中的参数p可作为表征Г型矿床成矿期次的数量指标。

Simulation study on non-linear effects of initial melt temperatures on microstructures during solidification process of liquid Mg_7Zn_3 alloy

The non-linear effects of different initial melt temperatures on the microstructure evolution during the solidification process of liquid Mg7Zn3 alloys were investigated by molecular dynamics simulation, The microstructure transformation mechanisms were analyzed by several methods. The system was found to be solidified into amorphous structures from different initial melt temperatures at the same cooling rate of 1×10^12 K/s, and the 1551 bond-type and the icosahedron basic cluster （12 0 12 0 ） played a key role in the microstructure transition. Different initial melt temperatures had significant effects on the final microstructures. These effects only can be clearly observed below the glass transition temperature Tg; and these effects are non-linearly related to the initial melt temperatures, and fluctuated in a certain range. However, the changes of the average atomic energy of the systems are still linearly related with the initial melt temperatures, namely, the higher the initial melt temperature is, the more stable the amorphous structure is and the stronger the glass forming ability will be.

APPLICATION OF FUZZY INFERENCE IN IDENTIFICATION OF HELICOPTER MODEL

Helicopter mathematical model mainly depends on design helicopter control system, flight simulator, and real time control simulation system. But it is difficult to establish a helicopter flight dynamics mathematical model that has features such as rapidness, reliability and precision, because there is no unique and precise expression to some sophisticated phenomenon of helicopter. In this paper a fuzzy helicopter flight model is constructed based on the flight experimental data. The fuzzy model, which is identified by fuzzy inference, has characteristics of computed rapidness and high precision. In order to guarantee the precision of the identified fuzzy model, a new method is adopted to handle the conflict fuzzy rules. Additionally, using fuzzy clustering technology can effectively reduce the number of rules of fuzzy model, namely, the order of the fuzzy model. The simulation results indicate that the method of this paper is effective and feasible.

River Morphology and River Channel Changes

River morphology has been a subject of great challenge to scientists and engineers who recognize that any effort with regard to river engineering must be based on a proper understanding of the morphological features involved and the responses to the imposed changes. In this paper, an overview of river morphology is presented from the geomorphic viewpoint. Included in the scope are the regime concept, river channel classification, thresholds in river morphology, and geomorphic analysis of river responses. Analytical approach to river morphology based on the physical principles for the hydraulics of flow and sediment transport processes is also presented. The application of analytical river morphology is demonstrated by an example. Modeling is the modern technique to determine both short-term and long-term river channel responses to any change in the environment. The physical foundation of fluvial process-response must be applied in formatting a mathematical model. A brief introduction of the mathematical model FLUVIAL-12 is described.

Random seismic noise attenuation by learning-type overcomplete dictionary based on K-singular value decomposition algorithm

The transformation of basic functions is one of the most commonly used techniques for seismic denoising,which employs sparse representation of seismic data in the transform domain. The choice of transform base functions has an influence on denoising results. We propose a learning-type overcomplete dictionary based on the K-singular value decomposition( K-SVD) algorithm. To construct the dictionary and use it for random seismic noise attenuation,we replace fixed transform base functions with an overcomplete redundancy function library. Owing to the adaptability to data characteristics,the learning-type dictionary describes essential data characteristics much better than conventional denoising methods. The sparsest representation of signals is obtained by the learning and training of seismic data. By comparing the same seismic data obtained using the learning-type overcomplete dictionary based on K-SVD and the data obtained using other denoising methods,we find that the learning-type overcomplete dictionary based on the K-SVD algorithm represents the seismic data more sparsely,effectively suppressing the random noise and improving the signal-to-noise ratio.

Matched Field Localization Based on CS-MUSIC Algorithm

The problem caused by shortness or excessiveness of snapshots and by coherent sources in underwater acoustic positioning is considered.A matched field localization algorithm based on CS-MUSIC(Compressive Sensing Multiple Signal Classification) is proposed based on the sparse mathematical model of the underwater positioning.The signal matrix is calculated through the SVD(Singular Value Decomposition) of the observation matrix.The observation matrix in the sparse mathematical model is replaced by the signal matrix,and a new concise sparse mathematical model is obtained,which means not only the scale of the localization problem but also the noise level is reduced;then the new sparse mathematical model is solved by the CS-MUSIC algorithm which is a combination of CS(Compressive Sensing) method and MUSIC(Multiple Signal Classification) method.The algorithm proposed in this paper can overcome effectively the difficulties caused by correlated sources and shortness of snapshots,and it can also reduce the time complexity and noise level of the localization problem by using the SVD of the observation matrix when the number of snapshots is large,which will be proved in this paper.

Analyses on Research Status of CSR in the World

Based on the web of Science database, such as the countries, research institutes, core authors, key journals and the distribution of research fields, the number of corporate social responsibility（CSR）, articles published during 20 years （1994 to 2013 ） in the world were analyzed by bibliometric method. The total of 1,544 articles and their top 20 countries, research institutes, core authors, key journals and research fields for the literature types, the number of annual articles was retrieved globally. Analyses of status and trends of CSR researches in the world based on bibliometrics were performed for providing information to CSR researchers and decision makers.

New Double Integrals Weighted Cebysev Type Inequalities

In the last years, the theory of integral inequalities are playing a very significant role in all fields of mathematics, many monographs have been devoted to this subject and present a very active and attractive field of research, the applications of integral inequalities have known a great development in many branches of mathematics in statistics, differential equations and numerical integration, The aim of this paper is to establish new extension of the weighted montgomery identity for double integrals then used it to establish new t^eby^evtype inequalities.

Automated Classification of Segmented Cancerous Cells in Multispectral Images

Automatic reading procedures in colon cells biopsies allow a faster and precise reading of microscopic biopsies. These procedures implement automatic image segmentation in order to classify cell types as cancerous or noncancerous. The authors have developed a new approach aiming to detect colon cancer cells derived from the ＂Snake＂ method but using a progressive division of the dimensions of the image to achieve rapid segmentation. The aim of the present paper was to classify different cancerous cell types based on nine morphological parameters and on probabilistic neural network. Three types of cells were used to assess the efficiency of our classifications models, including BH （Benign Hyperplasia）, IN （Intraepithelial Neoplasia） that is a precursor state for cancer, and Ca （Carcinoma） that corresponds to abnormal tissue proliferation （cancer）. Results showed that among the nine parameters used to classify cells, only three morphologic parameters （area, Xor convex and solidity） were found to be effective in distinguishing the three types of cells. In addition, classification of unknown cells was possible using this method.

Machine Recognition of Plan Typologies： Shotgun and Foursquare

The evolution of expert and knowledge-based systems in architecture requires the gradual population of building specific databases. Often these databases are slow to evolve due to the time consuming nature of effectively categorizing building features in a meaningful way that allows for retrieval and reuse. New advances in artificial intelligence such as Hierarchical Temporal Memory （HTM） have the potential to make the construction of these databases more realistic in the near future. Based on an emerging theory of human neurological function, HTMs excel at ambiguous pattern recognition. This paper includes a first experiment using HTMs for learning and recognizing patterns in the form of two distinct American house plan typologies, and further tests the relationship of HTM＇s recognition tendencies in alternate house plan types. Results from the experiment indicate that HTMs develop a similar storage of quality to humans and are therefore a promising option for capturing multi-modal information in future design automation efforts.

Physical Dynamics and the Influences of the Environment Built on Subbasins

The fields of engineering, architecture and urbanism ought to ponder on constructive changes to be employed in the environment. Environmental vulnerability usually reaches sites with greater abundance of water resources that are exposed to contaminable factors, which usually become residential expansion areas, and often extrapolate city boundaries. The general objective of this study is to assess physical characteristics of the subbasins of the Curtume and Agua Preta streams, located in the Paraiba do Sul watershed in the municipality of Pindamonhangaba, in the state of Sao Paulo （SP）, Brazil. The current situation regarding this environment, based on soil type and morphometric and physiographic attributes, is specifically sought to be identified. The results show the morphological and physiographic relationships with the hydrological data that determine the natural pattern of the site, associated with anthropic actions that characterize potentialities and vulnerabilities of the area, thus determining environmental dynamics. The results demonstrate that urban sprawl and residential constructions in subbasin conservation areas should occur in a planned and strategic manner, without advancing to water conservation areas.

关于小学开展数学基本活动的思考

《全日制义务教育数学课程标准》强调"数学基本活动经验"这一基本课程目标。据此,教师应明确其基本内涵和数学活动的主要类型,通过唤醒、积累、反思、提升、运用等步骤开展数学基本活动,以帮助学生高效积累数学基本活动经验。

On the centers of quantum groups of A_n-type

Let g be the finite dimensional simple Lie algebra of type A_n, and let U = U_q(g,Λ)and U= U_q(g,Q)be the quantum groups defined over the weight lattice and over the root lattice, respectively. In this paper, we find two algebraically independent central elements in U for all n ≥ 2 and give an explicit formula of the Casimir elements for the quantum group U = U_q(g,Λ), which corresponds to the Casimir element of the enveloping algebra U(g). Moreover, for n = 2 we give explicitly generators of the center subalgebras of the quantum groups U = U_q(g,Λ) and U = U_q(g,Q).

Localized Excitations of a Generalised Jimbo-Miwa Equation

Jimbo-Miwa(JM) equation is one of the famous(3+1)-dimensional conditionally integrable nonlinear dynamical systems. It is pointed out that JM equation and its generalized form possess some types of interesting nonlinear excitations such as the algebraic lump-type line solitons, the lumpoff-type half line solitons, and segment solitons.

Coset vertex operator algebras and W-algebras of A-type

We give an explicit description for a weight three generator of the coset vertex operator algebra C_L_(sln)(l,0)L_(sln)(1,0)(L_(sln)(l+1,0),for n≥2, l≥1. Furthermore, we prove that the nommutant C_L_(sl3)(l,0)L_(sl3)(1,0)(L_(sl3)(l+1,0)) is isomorphic to the W-algebra W_(-3+(l+3)/(l+4))(sl_3), which confirms the conjecture for the sl_3 case that C_L_g(l,0)L_g(1,0)(L_g(l + 1,0)) is isomorphic to W_(-h+(l+h)/(l+h+1))(g) for simaly-laced Lie algebras g with its Coxeter number h for a positive integer l.

On structure of cluster algebras of geometric type Ⅰ：In view of sub-seeds and seed homomorphisms

Our motivation is to build a systematic method in order to investigate the structure of cluster algebras of geometric type. The method is given through the notion of mixing-type sub-seeds, the theory of seed homomorphisms and the view-point of gluing of seeds. As an application, for(rooted) cluster algebras, we completely classify rooted cluster subalgebras and characterize rooted cluster quotient algebras in detail. Also,we build the relationship between the categorification of a rooted cluster algebra and that of its rooted cluster subalgebras. Note that cluster algebras of geometric type studied here are of the sign-skew-symmetric case.