The first Chinese microwave ocean environment satellite HY-2A was launched successfully in August, 201 I. This study presents a quality assessment of HY-2A scatterometer （HYSCAT） data based on comparison with ocean ...The first Chinese microwave ocean environment satellite HY-2A was launched successfully in August, 201 I. This study presents a quality assessment of HY-2A scatterometer （HYSCAT） data based on comparison with ocean buoy data, the Advanced Scatterometer （ASCAT） data, and numerical model data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction （NCEP）. The in-situ observations include those from buoy arrays operated by the National Data Buoy Center （NDBC） and Tropical Atmosphere Ocean （TAO） project. Only buoys located offshore and in deep water were analyzed. The temporal and spatial collocation windows between HYSCAT data and buoy observations were 30 min and 25 km, respectively. The comparisons showed that the wind speeds and directions observed by HYSCAT agree well with the buoy data. The root-mean-squared errors （RMSEs） of wind speed and direction for the HYSCAT standard wind products are 1.90 m/s and 22.80°, respectively. For the HYSCAT-ASCAT comparison, the temporal and spatial differences were limited to 1 h and 25 km, respectively. This comparison yielded RMSEs of 1.68 m/s for wind speed and 19.1° for wind direction. We also compared HYSCAT winds with reanalysis data from NCEP. The results show that the RMSEs of wind speed and direction are 2.6 m/s and 26°, respectively. The global distribution of wind speed residuals （HYSCAT-NCEP） is also presented here for evaluation of the HYSCAT-retrieved wind field globally. Considering the large temporal and spatial differences of the collocated data, it is concluded that the HYSCAT-retrieved wind speed and direction met the mission requirements, which were 2 rn/s and 20° for wind speeds in the range 2-24 m/s. These encouraging assessment results show that the wind data obtained from HYSCAT will be useful for the scientific community.展开更多
To evaluate the relative effectiveness of the input and output of the high-tech industry in China＇s 31 provinces （including municipalities and autonomous regions）, DEA evaluation model was constructed using data en...To evaluate the relative effectiveness of the input and output of the high-tech industry in China＇s 31 provinces （including municipalities and autonomous regions）, DEA evaluation model was constructed using data envelopment analysis （DEA）, and DEA evaluation model was solved using Deap2.1 software, for the purpose of obtaining the DEA efficiency and the non-DEA efficiency in all the provinces （including municipalities and autonomous regions）. Then, the comprehensive efficiency, technical efficiency, scale efficiency, scale return, and projection analysis were analyzed. Finally, the provinces of the non-DEA efficiency are sorted according to three efficiencies, and also a goal of improvement is proposed for the purpose of expanding technology investment in the provinces of the DEA efficiency.展开更多
This paper is a comprehensive data collection and analysis of the special performance of the managed fund in provincial universities, which has very important academic value and theoretical and practical significance ...This paper is a comprehensive data collection and analysis of the special performance of the managed fund in provincial universities, which has very important academic value and theoretical and practical significance for the effective and rational improvement of the utilization ratio of the special funds, the specification of the management the university capitals and the ceaseless development of the education reform. It also has very important academic value and theoretical practical significance for the improvement of the financial management levels, the introduction of the evaluation results of the special funds into the budget appropriation mechanism, the refinement of the budget planning of the special funds, the improvement of the scientificalness and accuracy of the budget planning oft he special fimds, and the further strengthening of the management of the expenditure and balance of the special funds of universities, and the formulation of the scientific and effective performance evaluation methods, and the formation of the theoretical platform of the performance management evaluation.展开更多
Reconstructing historical land use and land cover change(LUCC) at the regional scale is an important component of global environmental change studies and of improving global historical land use datasets. By analyzing ...Reconstructing historical land use and land cover change(LUCC) at the regional scale is an important component of global environmental change studies and of improving global historical land use datasets. By analyzing data in historical documents, including military-oriented cropland(hereafter M-cropland) area, the number of households engaged in M-cropland(hereafter M-household) reclamation, cropland area, and the number of households, we propose a conversion relationship between M-cropland area and cropland area reclaimed by each household. A provincial cropland area estimation method for the Yuan Dynasty is described and used to reconstruct the provincial cropland area for AD1290. Major findings are as follows.(1) Both the M-cropland and cropland areas of each household were high in the north and low in the south during the Yuan Dynasty, which resulted from different natural conditions and planting practices. Based on this observation, the government-allocated M-cropland reclamation area to each household was based on the cropland area reclaimed by each household.(2) The conversion relationship between M-cropland and cropland areas per household showed conversion coefficients of 1.23 and 0.65 for the south and north, respectively.(3) The cropland area in the entire study area in AD1290 was 535.4×106 mu(Chinese area unit, 1 mu=666.7 m^2), 57.8% in the north and 42.2% in the south. The fractional cropland areas for the entire study area, north, and south were 6.8%, 6.6%, and 7.1%, respectively and the per capita cropland areas for the whole study area, north, and south were 6.7, 15.6, and 4.1 mu, respectively.(4) Cropland was mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River(including the Fuli area), Huaihe River Basin(including Henan Province), and middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River(including Jiangzhe, Jiangxi, and Huguang provinces).展开更多
The parameter values which actually change with the circumstances, weather and load level etc. produce great effect to the result of state estimation. A new parameter estimation method based on data mining technology ...The parameter values which actually change with the circumstances, weather and load level etc. produce great effect to the result of state estimation. A new parameter estimation method based on data mining technology was proposed. The clustering method was used to classify the historical data in supervisory control and data acquisition （SCADA） database as several types. The data processing technology was implied to treat the isolated point, missing data and yawp data in samples for classified groups. The measurement data which belong to each classification were introduced to the linear regression equation in order to gain the regression coefficient and actual parameters by the least square method. A practical system demonstrates the high correctness, reliability and strong practicability of the proposed method.展开更多
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2013AA09A505)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40906091)the Open Project of School of Marine Sciences,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology(No.KHYS1304)
文摘The first Chinese microwave ocean environment satellite HY-2A was launched successfully in August, 201 I. This study presents a quality assessment of HY-2A scatterometer （HYSCAT） data based on comparison with ocean buoy data, the Advanced Scatterometer （ASCAT） data, and numerical model data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction （NCEP）. The in-situ observations include those from buoy arrays operated by the National Data Buoy Center （NDBC） and Tropical Atmosphere Ocean （TAO） project. Only buoys located offshore and in deep water were analyzed. The temporal and spatial collocation windows between HYSCAT data and buoy observations were 30 min and 25 km, respectively. The comparisons showed that the wind speeds and directions observed by HYSCAT agree well with the buoy data. The root-mean-squared errors （RMSEs） of wind speed and direction for the HYSCAT standard wind products are 1.90 m/s and 22.80°, respectively. For the HYSCAT-ASCAT comparison, the temporal and spatial differences were limited to 1 h and 25 km, respectively. This comparison yielded RMSEs of 1.68 m/s for wind speed and 19.1° for wind direction. We also compared HYSCAT winds with reanalysis data from NCEP. The results show that the RMSEs of wind speed and direction are 2.6 m/s and 26°, respectively. The global distribution of wind speed residuals （HYSCAT-NCEP） is also presented here for evaluation of the HYSCAT-retrieved wind field globally. Considering the large temporal and spatial differences of the collocated data, it is concluded that the HYSCAT-retrieved wind speed and direction met the mission requirements, which were 2 rn/s and 20° for wind speeds in the range 2-24 m/s. These encouraging assessment results show that the wind data obtained from HYSCAT will be useful for the scientific community.
文摘To evaluate the relative effectiveness of the input and output of the high-tech industry in China＇s 31 provinces （including municipalities and autonomous regions）, DEA evaluation model was constructed using data envelopment analysis （DEA）, and DEA evaluation model was solved using Deap2.1 software, for the purpose of obtaining the DEA efficiency and the non-DEA efficiency in all the provinces （including municipalities and autonomous regions）. Then, the comprehensive efficiency, technical efficiency, scale efficiency, scale return, and projection analysis were analyzed. Finally, the provinces of the non-DEA efficiency are sorted according to three efficiencies, and also a goal of improvement is proposed for the purpose of expanding technology investment in the provinces of the DEA efficiency.
文摘This paper is a comprehensive data collection and analysis of the special performance of the managed fund in provincial universities, which has very important academic value and theoretical and practical significance for the effective and rational improvement of the utilization ratio of the special funds, the specification of the management the university capitals and the ceaseless development of the education reform. It also has very important academic value and theoretical practical significance for the improvement of the financial management levels, the introduction of the evaluation results of the special funds into the budget appropriation mechanism, the refinement of the budget planning of the special funds, the improvement of the scientificalness and accuracy of the budget planning oft he special fimds, and the further strengthening of the management of the expenditure and balance of the special funds of universities, and the formulation of the scientific and effective performance evaluation methods, and the formation of the theoretical platform of the performance management evaluation.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,No.2017YFA0603304National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41671149The Special Program for Basic Work of the Ministry of Science and Technology,China,No.2014FY210900
文摘Reconstructing historical land use and land cover change(LUCC) at the regional scale is an important component of global environmental change studies and of improving global historical land use datasets. By analyzing data in historical documents, including military-oriented cropland(hereafter M-cropland) area, the number of households engaged in M-cropland(hereafter M-household) reclamation, cropland area, and the number of households, we propose a conversion relationship between M-cropland area and cropland area reclaimed by each household. A provincial cropland area estimation method for the Yuan Dynasty is described and used to reconstruct the provincial cropland area for AD1290. Major findings are as follows.(1) Both the M-cropland and cropland areas of each household were high in the north and low in the south during the Yuan Dynasty, which resulted from different natural conditions and planting practices. Based on this observation, the government-allocated M-cropland reclamation area to each household was based on the cropland area reclaimed by each household.(2) The conversion relationship between M-cropland and cropland areas per household showed conversion coefficients of 1.23 and 0.65 for the south and north, respectively.(3) The cropland area in the entire study area in AD1290 was 535.4×106 mu(Chinese area unit, 1 mu=666.7 m^2), 57.8% in the north and 42.2% in the south. The fractional cropland areas for the entire study area, north, and south were 6.8%, 6.6%, and 7.1%, respectively and the per capita cropland areas for the whole study area, north, and south were 6.7, 15.6, and 4.1 mu, respectively.(4) Cropland was mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River(including the Fuli area), Huaihe River Basin(including Henan Province), and middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River(including Jiangzhe, Jiangxi, and Huguang provinces).
基金the National High Technology Research and Development (863) Program of China(No. 2006AA05Z214)
文摘The parameter values which actually change with the circumstances, weather and load level etc. produce great effect to the result of state estimation. A new parameter estimation method based on data mining technology was proposed. The clustering method was used to classify the historical data in supervisory control and data acquisition （SCADA） database as several types. The data processing technology was implied to treat the isolated point, missing data and yawp data in samples for classified groups. The measurement data which belong to each classification were introduced to the linear regression equation in order to gain the regression coefficient and actual parameters by the least square method. A practical system demonstrates the high correctness, reliability and strong practicability of the proposed method.
