Seafloor elongated depressions are indicators of gas seepage or slope instability. Here we report a sequence of slopeparallel elongated depressions that link to headwalls of sediment slides on upper slope. The depress...Seafloor elongated depressions are indicators of gas seepage or slope instability. Here we report a sequence of slopeparallel elongated depressions that link to headwalls of sediment slides on upper slope. The depressions of about 250 m in width and several kilometers in length are areas of focused gas discharge indicated by bubble-release into the water column and methane enriched pore waters. Sparker seismic profiles running perpendicular and parallel to the coast, show gas migration pathways and trapped gas underneath these depressions with bright spots and seismic blanking. The data indicate that upward gas migration is the initial reason for fracturing sedimentary layers. In the top sediment where two young stages of landslides can be detected, the slopeparallel sediment weakening lengthens and deepens the surficial fractures, creating the elongated depressions in the seafloor supported by sediment erosion due to slope-parallel water currents.展开更多
Knowledge on stocking density enables the farmer decide on the density limits that will enhance fish yield when intuition and experience are used as guide. Twelve weeks experiment conducted in concrete tanks assessed ...Knowledge on stocking density enables the farmer decide on the density limits that will enhance fish yield when intuition and experience are used as guide. Twelve weeks experiment conducted in concrete tanks assessed the growth performance and survival rate at different stocking densities of test specimens. Data analysis revealed that the highest stocking density produced the highest （157.85 ±36.54a） mean weight gain for C. gariepinus. Mean weight gain for O. niloticus in the same tank as just mentioned, took the reverse order. Specific growth data recorded for C. gariepinus revealed an intermediate value at the highest （4.25 ±1.3ab） and lowest （4.23 ±1.2ab） stocking densities, while the highest value was recorded at the intermediate stocking density （4.41 ± 1.34a）. Data on performance index revealed significant differences between the lowest （339.24 ± 86.95b） and intermediate （397.07±103.81a） and also between the lowest （339.24 ± 86.95b） and the highest （397.81±113.14a） stocking densities. The lowest stocking density recorded the highest food conversion efficiency, while the least was recorded at the highest stocking density. Clarias gariepinus recorded 98.3% survival at the highest stocking density, whereas O. niloticus in the same tank recorded 70.83%. The authors therefore conclude that since the highest stocking density gave the best yield in most of the output parameters, it should be recommended to farmers.展开更多
基金funded by the European project EUROFLEETS (Seventh Framework Programme, No. 228344)
文摘Seafloor elongated depressions are indicators of gas seepage or slope instability. Here we report a sequence of slopeparallel elongated depressions that link to headwalls of sediment slides on upper slope. The depressions of about 250 m in width and several kilometers in length are areas of focused gas discharge indicated by bubble-release into the water column and methane enriched pore waters. Sparker seismic profiles running perpendicular and parallel to the coast, show gas migration pathways and trapped gas underneath these depressions with bright spots and seismic blanking. The data indicate that upward gas migration is the initial reason for fracturing sedimentary layers. In the top sediment where two young stages of landslides can be detected, the slopeparallel sediment weakening lengthens and deepens the surficial fractures, creating the elongated depressions in the seafloor supported by sediment erosion due to slope-parallel water currents.
文摘Knowledge on stocking density enables the farmer decide on the density limits that will enhance fish yield when intuition and experience are used as guide. Twelve weeks experiment conducted in concrete tanks assessed the growth performance and survival rate at different stocking densities of test specimens. Data analysis revealed that the highest stocking density produced the highest （157.85 ±36.54a） mean weight gain for C. gariepinus. Mean weight gain for O. niloticus in the same tank as just mentioned, took the reverse order. Specific growth data recorded for C. gariepinus revealed an intermediate value at the highest （4.25 ±1.3ab） and lowest （4.23 ±1.2ab） stocking densities, while the highest value was recorded at the intermediate stocking density （4.41 ± 1.34a）. Data on performance index revealed significant differences between the lowest （339.24 ± 86.95b） and intermediate （397.07±103.81a） and also between the lowest （339.24 ± 86.95b） and the highest （397.81±113.14a） stocking densities. The lowest stocking density recorded the highest food conversion efficiency, while the least was recorded at the highest stocking density. Clarias gariepinus recorded 98.3% survival at the highest stocking density, whereas O. niloticus in the same tank recorded 70.83%. The authors therefore conclude that since the highest stocking density gave the best yield in most of the output parameters, it should be recommended to farmers.
