In 2010, the debate over valuation of the Renminbi is again heating up and the Chinese currency has returned to appreciating against the dollar But is the Renminbi undervalued？ Drawing on the Balassa-Samuelson （B-S...In 2010, the debate over valuation of the Renminbi is again heating up and the Chinese currency has returned to appreciating against the dollar But is the Renminbi undervalued？ Drawing on the Balassa-Samuelson （B-S） effect on purchasing power parity, we conduct theoretical and empirical analyses of this issue. Theoretical analysis proves that a country＇s real exchange rate will appreciate with rising income, but the currencies of low-income countries tend to be undervalued. In order to avoid biased conclusions resulting from a single dataset or sampling method, we draw on three major publicly-available datasets to examine the B-S effect across 144 economies. Our results indicate that the degree of Renminbi misvaluation is highly dependent on the data source. Synthesizing analyses of diverse datasets, we estimate that the Renminbi was only undervalued by less than 8per cent in 2009. We conclude that China＇s external imbalance most probably results from deep-seated structural imbalances rather than Renminbi undervaluation.展开更多
This paper studies factors influencing rural-urban labor migration in China,particularly the implementation of rural cooperative medical insurance(RCMI) in the year 2003.With the support of data analysis from the year...This paper studies factors influencing rural-urban labor migration in China,particularly the implementation of rural cooperative medical insurance(RCMI) in the year 2003.With the support of data analysis from the year 2000,2004 and 2006,clear linear correlations are found between gender,income,health condition and rural-urban labor flow,whereas the impact of education and employment status are more complicated.More importantly,results from regression show that the establishment of RCMI in countryside of China not only inhibits rural residents from seeking employment outside the village,but also pulls back rural people who have already worked in cities.When regional dimension is concerned,the pure composite effect of RCMI on rural labor flow is less significant in coastal areas with better economic performance and medical service.展开更多
This paper analyzes the impact of income distribution gap on consumption demand from a theoretical view,and draws the conclusion that there is an inverse relationship between income distribution gap and consumption de...This paper analyzes the impact of income distribution gap on consumption demand from a theoretical view,and draws the conclusion that there is an inverse relationship between income distribution gap and consumption demand.Then,the paper finds that the existing widening income distribution gap in China has a negative impact on consumption demand,but this is not the key factor for the insufficient consumption demand because of the low level of per capital income.At last,it suggests that governments should improve the income level of entire residents and adjust income distribution structure simultaneously.展开更多
The growth has been studied from multiple angles and varied approaches so it is a factor that must be evaluated in micro, small and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs） in order to make decisions that improve their resul...The growth has been studied from multiple angles and varied approaches so it is a factor that must be evaluated in micro, small and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs） in order to make decisions that improve their results. In the same way, the creation of strategies need a deep situational analysis, it is equally important to the efficiency and effectiveness of such strategies so they become operational. The central question addressed in the present study was identifying the variables that provide its own validity and, secondly, to determine which variables have a higher impact on the response variable （sales）. The survey contains 159 items in 58 grouped questions. The collected data from a sample of 109 enterprises from different sectors and sizes were codified in order to carry out general descriptive procedures. The reliability of the instrument showed a Cronbach＇s alpha value of 0.8. The main statistical method used was the regression analysis. In order to carry it out, six compound variables were entered for the factors of information technologies, innovation, trading efforts, human resources, quality and technology. The results reveal that the more prepared the manager is and the more effectiveness obtained from the training program then the better indicators of growth will be obtained as a result （i.e. sales）. The more integration among quality indicators （development of specifications and cost reduction programs） is, the better levels of growth （i.e. sales and growth perception） will be. The information technologies must be analyzed by the enterprises because once they are classified by their size, it is possible to observe a positive and significant correlation in any of the two ways of measuring the company＇s growth. The results can be useful for the people in charge of key decisions in any kind of enterprise as it displays a theoretical background for identify their main competitive variables.展开更多
This paper is mainly based on the relationship between the fractures and adjourned the brand perspective, it chooses classic domestics Pehchaolin skin care brand for study. On the basis of the relevant theoretical lit...This paper is mainly based on the relationship between the fractures and adjourned the brand perspective, it chooses classic domestics Pehchaolin skin care brand for study. On the basis of the relevant theoretical literature review on the use of empirical analysis methods for the recovery of Pehchaolin brands were analyzed to construct the Pehchaolin brand adjourned intention factors model and validate the model based on the data. Finally, based on the above analysis, some of China＇ s old brand development makes appropriate recommendations and marketing strategies.展开更多
Our paper presents an interactive four-dimensional model for studying the long- and short-term development of the communication discipline with Israel serving as a case study： institutional-contextual, institutional-...Our paper presents an interactive four-dimensional model for studying the long- and short-term development of the communication discipline with Israel serving as a case study： institutional-contextual, institutional-in-field, intellectual-contextual, and intellectual-in-field. Our empirical analysis utilized personal interviews, archive documents, and statistical data. Four main processes were discerned： transition from integration to alienation between institutions of higher learning and the larger political and ideological context; a shift from Hebrew University Institute of Communication＇s institutional monopoly to a multiplicity of increasingly competitive communication schools/departments; transition from intellectual hegemony to limited intellectual diversity; and gradually improving status for the communication field among social science disciplines. Our case-study analysis validated the interactive relationship among the model＇s conceptual dimensions, calling for future cross-national comparisons.展开更多
文摘In 2010, the debate over valuation of the Renminbi is again heating up and the Chinese currency has returned to appreciating against the dollar But is the Renminbi undervalued？ Drawing on the Balassa-Samuelson （B-S） effect on purchasing power parity, we conduct theoretical and empirical analyses of this issue. Theoretical analysis proves that a country＇s real exchange rate will appreciate with rising income, but the currencies of low-income countries tend to be undervalued. In order to avoid biased conclusions resulting from a single dataset or sampling method, we draw on three major publicly-available datasets to examine the B-S effect across 144 economies. Our results indicate that the degree of Renminbi misvaluation is highly dependent on the data source. Synthesizing analyses of diverse datasets, we estimate that the Renminbi was only undervalued by less than 8per cent in 2009. We conclude that China＇s external imbalance most probably results from deep-seated structural imbalances rather than Renminbi undervaluation.
文摘This paper studies factors influencing rural-urban labor migration in China,particularly the implementation of rural cooperative medical insurance(RCMI) in the year 2003.With the support of data analysis from the year 2000,2004 and 2006,clear linear correlations are found between gender,income,health condition and rural-urban labor flow,whereas the impact of education and employment status are more complicated.More importantly,results from regression show that the establishment of RCMI in countryside of China not only inhibits rural residents from seeking employment outside the village,but also pulls back rural people who have already worked in cities.When regional dimension is concerned,the pure composite effect of RCMI on rural labor flow is less significant in coastal areas with better economic performance and medical service.
文摘This paper analyzes the impact of income distribution gap on consumption demand from a theoretical view,and draws the conclusion that there is an inverse relationship between income distribution gap and consumption demand.Then,the paper finds that the existing widening income distribution gap in China has a negative impact on consumption demand,but this is not the key factor for the insufficient consumption demand because of the low level of per capital income.At last,it suggests that governments should improve the income level of entire residents and adjust income distribution structure simultaneously.
文摘The growth has been studied from multiple angles and varied approaches so it is a factor that must be evaluated in micro, small and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs） in order to make decisions that improve their results. In the same way, the creation of strategies need a deep situational analysis, it is equally important to the efficiency and effectiveness of such strategies so they become operational. The central question addressed in the present study was identifying the variables that provide its own validity and, secondly, to determine which variables have a higher impact on the response variable （sales）. The survey contains 159 items in 58 grouped questions. The collected data from a sample of 109 enterprises from different sectors and sizes were codified in order to carry out general descriptive procedures. The reliability of the instrument showed a Cronbach＇s alpha value of 0.8. The main statistical method used was the regression analysis. In order to carry it out, six compound variables were entered for the factors of information technologies, innovation, trading efforts, human resources, quality and technology. The results reveal that the more prepared the manager is and the more effectiveness obtained from the training program then the better indicators of growth will be obtained as a result （i.e. sales）. The more integration among quality indicators （development of specifications and cost reduction programs） is, the better levels of growth （i.e. sales and growth perception） will be. The information technologies must be analyzed by the enterprises because once they are classified by their size, it is possible to observe a positive and significant correlation in any of the two ways of measuring the company＇s growth. The results can be useful for the people in charge of key decisions in any kind of enterprise as it displays a theoretical background for identify their main competitive variables.
文摘This paper is mainly based on the relationship between the fractures and adjourned the brand perspective, it chooses classic domestics Pehchaolin skin care brand for study. On the basis of the relevant theoretical literature review on the use of empirical analysis methods for the recovery of Pehchaolin brands were analyzed to construct the Pehchaolin brand adjourned intention factors model and validate the model based on the data. Finally, based on the above analysis, some of China＇ s old brand development makes appropriate recommendations and marketing strategies.
文摘Our paper presents an interactive four-dimensional model for studying the long- and short-term development of the communication discipline with Israel serving as a case study： institutional-contextual, institutional-in-field, intellectual-contextual, and intellectual-in-field. Our empirical analysis utilized personal interviews, archive documents, and statistical data. Four main processes were discerned： transition from integration to alienation between institutions of higher learning and the larger political and ideological context; a shift from Hebrew University Institute of Communication＇s institutional monopoly to a multiplicity of increasingly competitive communication schools/departments; transition from intellectual hegemony to limited intellectual diversity; and gradually improving status for the communication field among social science disciplines. Our case-study analysis validated the interactive relationship among the model＇s conceptual dimensions, calling for future cross-national comparisons.
