This research was aimed to evaluate the training program enhancing caring behaviors of new nurses by Kirkpatrick＇s four level for evaluation model： reaction, learning, behavior, and result of the program. The partic...This research was aimed to evaluate the training program enhancing caring behaviors of new nurses by Kirkpatrick＇s four level for evaluation model： reaction, learning, behavior, and result of the program. The participants were new nurses, preceptors of new nurses, administrators, patients and members of the patients＇ family cared by new nurses. The research instruments were： （1） five questionnaires toward program suitability, knowledge, attitude, caring expression, and result to organization. The mean, standard deviation and dependent sample t-test were used for data analysis; （2） guidelines for focus group discussion and semi-structural questionnaire analyzed by content analysis. The study revealed that： （1） the mean of suitability was at the very high level （X = 4.49, SD. = .30）; （2） the knowledge and attitude after training were significantly higher than before training at .000 level, [t =-21.65, p = .000 and t = -19.30, p = .000）; {3} caring behavior after training was significantly higher than before training at the .000 level; and {4} the result of the program was at the high level { X = 4.25, SD. = .17}, related to the result of semi-structured interview and focus group discussion. These evaluation research finding suggested that administrators can use for improving the preparation of any project and apply to evaluate other training programs, developing human resource system.展开更多
This paper examines female executives＇ experiences of contra-power sexual harassment （CPSH）. One hundred and fifteen respondents, consisting of 67 female executives and 48 male subordinates, were purposively select...This paper examines female executives＇ experiences of contra-power sexual harassment （CPSH）. One hundred and fifteen respondents, consisting of 67 female executives and 48 male subordinates, were purposively selected. Both quantitative and qualitative data were utilized. Female executives perceived and experienced three out of the 11 acts-male subordinates grabbing their groins before female executives, male subordinates bragging about their sexual organs as hefty before female executives, and male subordinates bragging about their prowess in bed before female executives-as most sexually harassing And 35~6 of the male respondents reported that they grabbed their groins before female executives, 60.4% bragged of the size of their sexual organs, and 52.1% bragged of their prowess in bed. The focused group discussions （FGDs） revealed that CPSH may induce low job satisfaction, job commitment and reduced productivity, increase feelings of loss of control over the body, destroy gender identity, and increase the tendency to quit the job. Female executives ignored the acts and maintained strict formal relationships with their male subordinates as ways of coping with the acts. Conclusively, as powerful as female executives are in position of authority, they are still powerless as regards CPHS.展开更多
This exploratory research studied the contribution of homegardens to household income generation. In Burkina Faso, the Bieha department was purposively selected. The initial rapid rural appraisal was complemented by a...This exploratory research studied the contribution of homegardens to household income generation. In Burkina Faso, the Bieha department was purposively selected. The initial rapid rural appraisal was complemented by a household survey. Tools of data collection included observation, key informant interview, and focus group discussion. For the survey, eighty households were selected based on systematic sampling. Data was collected by individual interviews at household level, and for statistical calculations, the households were subsequently categorized as small, medium and commercial based on their homegarden size. It was found that all the surveyed households managed homegardens composed of trees, crops and animals. Majority of the farmers （43%） belonged to the small category due to land constraints. Generally, farms contributed more income than the plant component of homegardens. However, when the livestock component of homegardens was added, homegardens became far more important than farms and accounted for over 60% of income generation for all categories. It can be concluded that homegardens are important to rural people for food and cash income.展开更多
文摘This research was aimed to evaluate the training program enhancing caring behaviors of new nurses by Kirkpatrick＇s four level for evaluation model： reaction, learning, behavior, and result of the program. The participants were new nurses, preceptors of new nurses, administrators, patients and members of the patients＇ family cared by new nurses. The research instruments were： （1） five questionnaires toward program suitability, knowledge, attitude, caring expression, and result to organization. The mean, standard deviation and dependent sample t-test were used for data analysis; （2） guidelines for focus group discussion and semi-structural questionnaire analyzed by content analysis. The study revealed that： （1） the mean of suitability was at the very high level （X = 4.49, SD. = .30）; （2） the knowledge and attitude after training were significantly higher than before training at .000 level, [t =-21.65, p = .000 and t = -19.30, p = .000）; {3} caring behavior after training was significantly higher than before training at the .000 level; and {4} the result of the program was at the high level { X = 4.25, SD. = .17}, related to the result of semi-structured interview and focus group discussion. These evaluation research finding suggested that administrators can use for improving the preparation of any project and apply to evaluate other training programs, developing human resource system.
文摘This paper examines female executives＇ experiences of contra-power sexual harassment （CPSH）. One hundred and fifteen respondents, consisting of 67 female executives and 48 male subordinates, were purposively selected. Both quantitative and qualitative data were utilized. Female executives perceived and experienced three out of the 11 acts-male subordinates grabbing their groins before female executives, male subordinates bragging about their sexual organs as hefty before female executives, and male subordinates bragging about their prowess in bed before female executives-as most sexually harassing And 35~6 of the male respondents reported that they grabbed their groins before female executives, 60.4% bragged of the size of their sexual organs, and 52.1% bragged of their prowess in bed. The focused group discussions （FGDs） revealed that CPSH may induce low job satisfaction, job commitment and reduced productivity, increase feelings of loss of control over the body, destroy gender identity, and increase the tendency to quit the job. Female executives ignored the acts and maintained strict formal relationships with their male subordinates as ways of coping with the acts. Conclusively, as powerful as female executives are in position of authority, they are still powerless as regards CPHS.
文摘This exploratory research studied the contribution of homegardens to household income generation. In Burkina Faso, the Bieha department was purposively selected. The initial rapid rural appraisal was complemented by a household survey. Tools of data collection included observation, key informant interview, and focus group discussion. For the survey, eighty households were selected based on systematic sampling. Data was collected by individual interviews at household level, and for statistical calculations, the households were subsequently categorized as small, medium and commercial based on their homegarden size. It was found that all the surveyed households managed homegardens composed of trees, crops and animals. Majority of the farmers （43%） belonged to the small category due to land constraints. Generally, farms contributed more income than the plant component of homegardens. However, when the livestock component of homegardens was added, homegardens became far more important than farms and accounted for over 60% of income generation for all categories. It can be concluded that homegardens are important to rural people for food and cash income.
